scholarly journals Protective effects of omega-3 fatty acids in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease stages B2 and C

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254887
Author(s):  
Priscilla Regina Nasciutti ◽  
Aline Tavares Moraes ◽  
Thaiz Krawczyk Santos ◽  
Karine Kelly Gonçalves Queiroz ◽  
Ana Paula Araújo Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Mitral Valve Disease ◽  
Antiarrhythmic Effect ◽  
Valve Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Arterial Blood

Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is characterized by thickening of the valve leaflets and omega-3 (ω-3) supplementation has been associated with modulation of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate, improvement of doppler echocardiographic indices, antiarrhythmic, anti-inflammatory and anti-dislipidemic effects in dogs and humans, although prospective studies of it single use are still absent in the veterinary literature. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of ω-3 supplementation in dogs with MMVD. Twenty-nine dogs were followed quarterly for 12 months by clinical evaluation, arterial blood pressure, electrocardiography, doppler echocardiography, thoracic radiography and laboratory tests including inflammatory mediators and cardiac biomarker blood concentrations. The dogs were classified in stages B2 and C, according to the classification proposed by ACVIM 2019. They were randomly assigned to either ω-3 group (ω-3G) or control group (CG). The ingestion of ω-3 reduced the chance of developing arrhythmias by 2.96 times (p = 0.003). The vertebral heart size (VHS) measurements were higher in the control group (p = 0.033). In conclusion, at the dosages used in this study, ω-3 dietary supplementation reduces the volumetric overload, has antiarrhythmic effect and keeps dogs with B2 and C stages of MMVD in milder stages of the disease.

scholarly journals Plasmatic Dimethylarginines in Dogs With Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlotta Valente ◽  
Carlo Guglielmini ◽  
Marco Baron Toaldo ◽  
Giovanni Romito ◽  
Carlo Artusi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Mitral Valve Disease ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Valve Disease ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
Plasmatic Concentration

Plasmatic dimethylarginines, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) are considered biomarkers of endothelial and renal dysfunction, respectively, in humans. We hypothesize that plasmatic concentration of dimethylarginines in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is influenced by heart disease stage. Eighty-five client-owned dogs with MMVD, including 39, 19, and 27 dogs in ACVIM stages B1, B2, and C+D, respectively, and a control group of 11 clinically healthy dogs were enrolled. A prospective, multicentric, case-control study was performed. Each dog underwent a complete clinical examination, arterial blood pressure measurement, thoracic radiography, six-lead standard electrocardiogram, transthoracic echocardiography, CBC, biochemical profile, and urinalysis. Plasmatic concentration of dimethylarginines was determined through high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Median ADMA was significantly increased in dogs of group C+D (2.5 μmol/L [2.1–3.0]) compared to those of group B1 (1.8 μmol/L [1.6–2.3]; p < 0.001) and healthy dogs (1.9 μmol/L [1.7–2.3]; p = 0.02). Median SDMA was significantly increased in dogs of group C+D (0.7 μmol/L [0.5–0.9]) compared to those of groups B1 (0.4 μmol/L [0.3–0.5]; p < 0.001), B2 (0.4 μmol/L [0.3–0.6]; p < 0.01), and the control group (0.4 μmol/L [0.35–0.45]; p = 0.001). In the final multivariable analysis, ADMA and SDMA were significantly associated with left atrium to aorta ratio (p < 0.001), and creatinine (p < 0.001), respectively. Increased plasmatic concentrations of dimethylarginines suggest a possible role as biomarkers of disease severity in dogs with decompensated MMVD.

scholarly journals New pathway in rheumatic mitral valve disease: cytochrome P450 and glutathione S transferase isozyme expression

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdal Simsek ◽  
Gulcin Simsek ◽  
Mehmet Fazıl Tolga Soyal ◽  
Pinar Kaygin ◽  
Ali Cemal Duzgun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Mitral Valve Disease ◽  
Mitral Valve Insufficiency ◽  
Valve Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Valve Insufficiency

AbstractObjectiveCytochrome P450 (CYP)1A1, glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTP1) and omega (GSTO1) isozymes were evaluated and compared in patients with the diagnosis of rheumatic mitral valve disease and ischemic mitral valve insufficiency to find out the relationship of the oxidative stress with rheumatic mitral valve disease.Materials and methodsThe control group consisted of patients operated on due to ischemic mitral valve insufficiency (group I, n:14) while study group consisted of the patients operated on with the diagnosis of rheumatic mitral valve disease (group II, n:29). Mitral valve materials were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. CYP1A1, GSTP1, and GSTO1 immunohistochemical markers were studied.Results20.7% of GSTP1 isozyme protein expression was seen in the study group; however, no expression was detected in the control group. This finding was statistically significant in terms of GSTP1 isozyme. No statistically significant differences in the level of GSTO1 and CYP1A1 protein expression between the study and control groups were observed.ConclusionIn this study, we found out that GSTP1 isozyme may be related to rheumatic mitral valve disease. A strategy that would help prevent oxidative stress in patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease can be a so valuable means to affect disease progression.

scholarly journals Mitral prolapsing volume is associated with increased cardiac dimensions in patients with mitral annular disjunction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Luyten ◽  
S. Heuts ◽  
E. Cheriex ◽  
J. R. Olsthoorn ◽  
H. J. G. M. Crijns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Mitral Valve Disease ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Left Atrial Volume ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Valve Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Additional Parameter ◽  
Atrial Volume ◽  
Volume Shift

Abstract Introduction In patients with mitral annular disjunction (MAD), it can be difficult to assess the severity of mitral regurgitation (MR), as they present with a prolapsing volume (i.e. volume resulting from mitral valve prolapse, blood volume shift) rather than a regurgitant jet. The influence of the mitral prolapsing volume (MPV) on cardiac dimensions is unknown. We hypothesised that the severity of MR is underestimated in these patients. Our aim was to measure MPV and to investigate its influence on cardiac dimensions in patients with MAD. Methods We retrospectively included 131 consecutive patients with MAD from our institution’s echocardiographic database. Transthoracic echocardiography was used to assess MPV. Additionally, we established a control group of 617 consecutive patients with degenerative mitral valve disease and performed propensity score matching. Results Median MPV in the MAD group was 12 ml. MPV was an independent predictor for left ventricular end-diastolic (LVEDD) and end-systolic diameter (LVESD) and left atrial volume (all p < 0.001). In patients with large prolapsing volumes (> 15 ml), LVEDD (56 ± 6 mm vs 51 ± 6 mm, p < 0.001), LVESD [38 mm (34–41) vs 34 mm (31–39), p < 0.01] and left atrial volume [105 ml (86–159) vs 101 ml (66–123), p = 0.04] were significantly increased compared to matched patients with degenerative mitral valve disease and similarly assessed severity of MR. Conclusion Due to a volume shift based on the MPV rather than an actual regurgitant jet, MR severity cannot be assessed adequately in MAD patients. Increased MPV induces ventricular and atrial enlargement. These findings warrant future studies to focus on MPV as an additional parameter for assessment of the severity of MR in MAD patients.

scholarly journals Hemostatic Markers in Congestive Heart Failure Dogs with Mitral Valve Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kreangsak Prihirunkit ◽  
Amornrate Sastravaha ◽  
Chalermpol Lekcharoensuk ◽  
Phongsak Chanloinapha
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Mitral Valve Disease ◽  
Valve Disease ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Plasma Protein ◽  
At Iii ◽  
D Dimer

Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen, D-dimer, antithrombin III (AT III), protein C (PC), factor VII (F.VII), and factor VIII (F.VIII), as well as hematocrit (HCT), platelets number (PLT), total plasma protein (TP), and albumin (ALB), were studied on fifty-eight congestive heart failure (CHF) dogs with mitral valve disease (MVD) and fifty control dogs. All of variables of MVD group, except APTT, were significantly different (P<0.5) from control group. The variables were also compared among functional classes of CHF dogs and control dogs. It was determined that the higher the functional class of CHF dogs was, the greater the levels of fibrinogen and D-dimer were, whereas the lesser the activities of AT III and PC were presented. Additionally, TP had linear correlation with fibrinogen, D-dimer, HCT, and PLT (r=0.31, 0.30, 0.43, and 0.38, resp., P<0.5). These findings suggested that fibrinogen and D-dimer were the factors predisposing hypercoagulability through an increase in blood viscosity. The hemorheological abnormalities would shift an overall hemostatic balance toward a more thrombotic state in CHF dogs with MVD.

scholarly journals Administration of BAY 41-2272 prevents bladder dysfunction in nitric-oxide deficient rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Arturo Levi D'Ancona ◽  
Fabíola Zakia Taufic Mónica ◽  
Ricardo Reges ◽  
David Cohen ◽  
Fabio Henrique da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Mean Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Bladder Dysfunction ◽  
Soluble Guanylate Cyclase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Guanylate Cyclase Activator

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the protective effects of BAY 41-2272, a soluble guanylate cyclase activator, on changes in cystometric parameters in rats deficient in nitric oxide (NO). Methods: Rats were divided into the following groups: (a) control; (b) DMSO; (c) L-NAME; (d) BAY 41-2272 alone; (e) L-NAME + BAY 41-2272. The NO synthase blocker L-NAME (20 mg/rat/day) was given in drinking water concomitantly or not with BAY 41-2272 (10 mg/kg/day, given by gavage). Results: Chronic L-NAME treatment markedly increased the mean arterial blood pressure, and co-treatment with BAY 41-2272 nearly reversed L-NAME-induced rise on mean arterial blood pressure. Non-void contractions were significantly increased in L-NAME group (0.90 ± 0.1 number/minute) compared with either DMSO or control group (0.49 ± 0.1 number/minute), which were prevented by co-treatment with BAY 41-2272 (0.56 ± 025 number/minute; p < 0.05). The threshold and peak pressure increased by 70 and 44%, respectively, after chronic L-NAME treatment, while co-treatment with BAY 41-2272 largely attenuated both effects (27 and 22% increase, respectively). The frequency of micturition cycles decreased by about of 50% in L-NAME-treated rats compared with control animals, and co-treatment with BAY 41-2272 normalized this parameter. Conclusions: Our data show that long-term oral administration of BAY 41-2272 counteracts the bladder dysfunction seen in NO-deficient rats, indicating that restoration of the NO-cGMP pathway by this compound may be of beneficial value to treat bladder symptoms.

scholarly journals Short-Term Effects of Sacubitril/valsartan on Echocardiographic Parameters in Dogs With Symptomatic Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nakkawee Saengklub ◽  
Prapawadee Pirintr ◽  
Thanida Nampimoon ◽  
Anusak Kijtawornrat ◽  
Narongsak Chaiyabutr
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Mitral Valve Disease ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Valve Disease ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Effects

Background and Objective: Sacubitril/valsartan (SV) is an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor that works by inhibiting the neprilysin enzyme as well as blocking angiotensin receptors. The benefits of using SV in congestive heart failure patients has been demonstrated in several clinical trials; however, limited data are available for dogs with heart failure. The aim of this study was to investigate the short-term effects of SV in comparison with ramipril in the standard therapy of symptomatic dogs suffering from myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD).Methods: In this prospective, randomized, single-blind study, 21 dogs with MMVD stage C were randomly assigned to received SV (20 mg/kg orally twice a day) or ramipril (0.125 mg/kg, orally once a day) in addition to pimobendan and furosemide. Echocardiography, electrocardiography, blood pressure, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and urinary aldosterone per creatinine ratio were obtained at baseline (D0) and at follow-up (4 weeks).Results: When comparing the percent change from baseline between groups, the left atrium to aortic root ratio (LA/Ao) and left ventricular internal diameter diastole normalized to body weight (LVIDDN) were significantly reduced in the SV group (P &lt; 0.001 and P &lt; 0.01, respectively). The end-diastolic volume index (EDVI), end-systolic volume index (ESVI), and stroke volume were lower in the SV group (P &lt; 0.001, P &lt; 0.05, and P &lt; 0.01, respectively). No changes were observed between groups for NTproBNP, blood pressure, ECG parameters, and urinary aldosterone per creatinine ratio.Conclusion: The current study suggested that the short-term effects of SV can reverse myocardial remodeling, as inferred from several echocardiographic indices (i.e., the reduction in LA/Ao, LVIDDN, EDVI and ESVI) in dogs with MMVD stage C. These findings would support the use of SV in clinically symptomatic heart failure in dogs.

scholarly journals The Expression of Proteins Related to Serotonin Pathway in Pulmonary Arteries of Dogs Affected With Pulmonary Hypertension Secondary to Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siriwan Sakarin ◽  
Sirilak Disatian Surachetpong ◽  
Anudep Rungsipipat
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Mitral Valve Disease ◽  
Tryptophan Hydroxylase ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Valve Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Medial Thickening

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) can cause medial thickening, a hallmark of pulmonary arterial remodeling. The serotonin (5HT) pathway has been suggested as a factor associated with PH by inducing pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) proliferation, a major cause of medial thickening. This study aims to demonstrate the expression of molecules in the 5HT pathway in the pulmonary artery of dogs affected with PH secondary to degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) compared to DMVD and healthy control dogs.Materials and Methods: The study included lung samples from the carcasses of 19 older small-breed dogs (Control n = 5, DMVD n = 7, DMVD+PH n = 7). Lung tissue sections were performed Hematoxylin and Eosin staining for measuring the percentage of medial thickness and immunohistochemistry for evaluating the expression of proteins in the 5HT pathway including serotonin transporter (SERT), serotonin 2A receptor (5HT2A), tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1), extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and phosphorylated ERK1/2 (pERK1/2).Results: Medial thickening of the pulmonary arteries was found in the DMVD and DMVD+PH groups compared to the control. The medial thickening of the DMVD+PH group was increased significantly compared to that in the DMVD group. Intracytoplasmic expression of proteins related to the 5HT pathway was mainly presented in the medial layer of the pulmonary arteries. The control group showed a low expression of proteins related to the 5HT pathway. An intensive expression of SERT, 5HT2A, TPH1, and ERK1/2 protein was seen in the DMVD and DMVD+PH groups. Interestingly, pERK1/2 was strongly represented only in the DMVD+PH group.Conclusions: Overexpression of proteins related to the 5HT pathway including SERT, 5HT2A, TPH1, ERK1/2, and pERK1/2 was associated with medial remodeling in dogs affected with secondary to DMVD.

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