scholarly journals X-ray computed tomography for non-invasive dendrochronology reveals a concealed double panelling on a painting from Rubens’ studio

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255792
Author(s):  
Marta Domínguez-Delmás ◽  
Francien G. Bossema ◽  
Jan Dorscheid ◽  
Sophia Bethany Coban ◽  
Moorea Hall-Aquitania ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Historical Inquiry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Global Character ◽  
Art Objects ◽  
Terminus Post Quem ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Historical Art

Dating the wood from historical art objects is a crucial step to ascertain their production time, and support or refute attribution to an artist or a workshop. Dendrochronology is commonly used for this purpose but requires access to the tree-ring pattern in the wood, which can be hindered by preparatory layers, polychromy, wax, or integrated frames. Here we implemented non-invasive dendrochronology based on X-ray computed tomography (CT) to examine a painting on panel attributed to Rubens’ studio and its presumed dating around 1636 CE. The CT images achieved a resolution of 37.3 micron and revealed a double panelling, which was concealed by oak strips covering all four edges. The back (visible) board is made of deciduous oak (Quercus subg. Quercus), the most common type of wood used in 17th-century Netherlandish workshops, and was dated terminus post quem after 1557 CE. However, the front (original) board used for the painting has been identified through examination of the wood anatomy as a tropical wood, probably Swietenia sp., a species seldom used in Netherlandish paintings, and remains undated. Its very presence attests the global character of 17th-century trade, and demonstrates the use of exotic species in Flemish studios. The date of the oak board refutes previous results and suggests that this board was trimmed to meet the size of the tropical one, having been glued to it for conservation purposes or with deceiving intentions to pretend that the painting was made on an oak panel. These revelations have opened new lines of art historical inquiry and highlight the potential of X-ray CT as a powerful tool for non-invasive study of historical art objects to retrieve their full history.

Non-invasive investigation of the cross-sectional solids distribution in CFB risers by X-ray computed tomography

2016 ◽  
Vol 297 ◽  
pp. 247-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Hensler ◽  
Markus Firsching ◽  
Juan Sebastian Gomez Bonilla ◽  
Thorsten Wörlein ◽  
Norman Uhlmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
The Cross

Eye formation in semi-hard cheese: X-ray computed tomography as a non-invasive tool for assessing the influence of adjunct lactic acid bacteria

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Guggisberg ◽  
Marie-Therese Fröhlich-Wyder ◽  
Stefan Irmler ◽  
Mark Greco ◽  
Daniel Wechsler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Eye Formation ◽  
Hard Cheese

Non-invasive and Time-Resolved Observation of Tumors Implanted in Living Mice by Using Phase-Contrast X-ray Computed Tomography

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (3A) ◽  
pp. 1864-1868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akio Yoneyama ◽  
Nobuaki Amino ◽  
Masamichi Mori ◽  
Masafumi Kudoh ◽  
Tohoru Takeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
X Ray Computed

Influence of non-invasive X-ray computed tomography (XRCT) on the microbial community structure and function in soil

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doreen Fischer ◽  
Sebastian Pagenkemper ◽  
Jens Nellesen ◽  
Stephan Peth ◽  
Rainer Horn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
And Function

Burrow refilling behavior of Aporrectodea turgida (Eisen) and Lumbricus terrestris L. as revealed by X-ray computed tomography scanning: Graphical and quantitative analyses

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joann K. Whalen ◽  
Liwen Han ◽  
Pierre Dutilleul
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Lumbricus Terrestris ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Computed Tomography Scanning ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Undisturbed Soil Cores ◽  
Tomography Scanning

Whalen, J. K., Han L. and Dutilleul, P. 2015. Burrow refilling behavior of Aporrectodea turgida (Eisen) and Lumbricus terrestris L. as revealed by X-ray computed tomography scanning: Graphical and quantitative analyses. Can. J. Soil Sci. 95: 231–235. Solute and gas transport through earthworm burrows is altered when burrows become refilled. Earthworm burrow refilling was evaluated with non-invasive X-ray computed tomography in undisturbed soil cores. Proportionally, Lumbricus terrestris refilled burrows had more air-filled space left around their perimeter than those of Aporrectodea turgida, which often were completely refilled.

Contrast enhancement of iohexol-cisplatin-gelatin complex under computed tomography imaging

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-271
Author(s):  
Wei-Hung Liu ◽  
Yang-Kao Wang ◽  
Chi-Chang Wu ◽  
Win-Pin Deng ◽  
Kuang-Hsun Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Contrast Agent ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
The Body ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Ct Contrast Agent ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Ct Contrast

Abstract X-ray computed tomography (CT) is one of the most powerful non-invasive diagnostic techniques nowadays. The iodinated molecules used as CT contrast agents in the clinic have short circulation times in the body, which significantly restrict its applications. Furthermore, some patients are hypersensitive to iodine. So, researchers have made tremendous efforts to improve the property of iodine. Besides, cis-diammineplatinum (II) dichloride (cisplatin), a major chemo agent for cancer treatment, possess higher X-ray attenuation coefficient being a CT contrast agent. The incorporation of cisplatin with an iodinated agent could facilitate the quality of CT images and damage cancer cells simultaneously. To reduce toxicity of a contrast agent, polymer matrix, gelatin, was incorporated for avoiding contact with nontarget cells. In this study, we combined the iodine contrast agent, 1,3-N-bis (2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-[N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido]-2,4,6-triiodobenzene-1,3-dicarboxamide (iohexol), with cisplatin, and then examined them in a micro CT with different X-ray tube voltages (50 kV, 80 kV, 100 kV) to find optimal scanning conditions for imaging. As expected, iohexol combined with cisplatin enhanced X-ray attenuation and image contrast. The optimal CT image could be acquired at iohexol and cisplatin concentrations of 50 mg/ml and 3 mg/ml, respectively, under 80 kV irradiation. Finally, the iohexol-cisplatin-gelatin solution was then fabricated into nanoparticles of sizes about 240 nm, which may suitable for in vivo delivery.

scholarly journals A Pedophysical Relationship between X-ray Computed Tomography and Electrical Resistivity Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-187
Author(s):  
Mihai O. Cimpoiaşu ◽  
Oliver Kuras ◽  
Tony Pridmore ◽  
Sacha J. Mooney
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Resistivity Tomography ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Zone Parameters ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
X Ray Absorption

Quantitatively linking observations from independent non-invasive soil assessment methods enhances our ability to understand root zone processes. Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) are two advanced non-invasive technologies routinely employed in soil science. ERT allows 4D process monitoring ( e.g., solute transport) and is sensitive to changes in moisture content (MC) and soil texture. X-ray CT is a higher resolution method used to appraise soil structure. We measured the variation of electrical resistivity and X-ray absorption with gravimetric moisture content (GMC) for two distinct soil types. Experimental results were compared with existing pedophysical relationships that express these dependencies. Based on the good fit between measurements and model predictions, we formulated a new pedophysical relationship that links directly the two soil properties. This will allow a direct translation between ERT and X-ray data for the study of root-zone parameters under well-defined experimental circumstances.

scholarly journals Characterization of Natural Consolidated Halloysite Nanotube Structures

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1308
Author(s):  
Jiaqi Jin ◽  
Shoeleh Assemi ◽  
Hassnain Asgar ◽  
Greeshma Gadikota ◽  
Thang Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Network Information ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Confined Fluid ◽  
X Ray Computed

Halloysite is a unique 1:1 clay mineral frequently appearing with nanotubular morphology, and having surfaces of different polarity with interesting and important technological applications. HNTs can be consolidated naturally in the earth by pressure and thermal flows. In this study of natural consolidated HNTs, the strength and hardness of these materials were found to be dependent on the presence of impurities (gibbsite, alunite, quartz, and other silica minerals), which accounted for the increased stability of such samples. In the absence of impurities, the strength of consolidated HNTs was significantly lower. The first 3D mapping of the pore structure of natural consolidated HNT is provided. The contributions of the porosity within the nanotubes and between the nanotubes were delineated using a combination of non-invasive ultra-small and small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS/SAXS) analyses, BET/BJH pore size analyses, and computed tomography studies. A total porosity of 40%, as determined by X-ray attenuation and He porosimetry, was found for the natural consolidated HNTs, of which about one-third was due to the inter-HNT porosity. Nano-X-ray computed tomography (nano-XCT) analyses also indicated that 76% of the inter-HNT pores were smaller than 150 nm in diameter. The intra-HNT pore size determined by combined USAXS/SAXS and BET/BJH was about 10 nm. This pore network information is essential for the utilization of natural consolidated HNTs as a model geomaterial to investigate the effects of surface characteristics on confined fluid flow.

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