scholarly journals Application of biological and fisheries attributes to assess the vulnerability and resilience of tropical marine fish species

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255879
Author(s):  
Kolliyil S. Mohamed ◽  
Thayyil Valappil Sathianandan ◽  
Elayaperumal Vivekanandan ◽  
Somy Kuriakose ◽  
U. Ganga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Euclidean Distance ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Stock Assessments ◽  
Scatter Plots ◽  
Data Deficient ◽  
Fast Growth Rate

Taking advantage of published data on life-history traits and short-term information on fishery parameters from 3132 records for 644 fish stocks along the coast of India, we calculated resilience (R) and vulnerability (V). Further, we developed an Index of Resilience and Vulnerability (IRV) for 133 species of tropical finfishes, crustaceans, and molluscs. Using 7 resilience and 6 vulnerability attributes, two-dimensional scatter plots of the resilience and vulnerability scores were generated and the Euclidean distance and angle from the origin to each point were calculated to determine IRV and the effect of fishing on fish species. By ranking the species, the top 10 highly resilient, highly vulnerable, and high-risk species (low IRV) were identified. While small-sized species with fast growth rate and low trophic level were among the highly resilient species, large predatory species such as sharks and barracudas were among the highly vulnerable and high-risk species. More than 100 of the 133 species were resilient-yet-vulnerable, and most crustaceans showed high resilience. Differences in IRV scores among species within the same family were discernible, indicating the differences in the biological characteristics and response to fishing. Sensitivity analysis indicated that an abridged IRV with 6 attributes works similar to 13 attributes and can be used in data-deficient situations. Comparison of R and V of IRV with other assessments showed different results because of divergences in the objectives, number and types of attributes, and thresholds used. These assessments do not convey the same information and therefore great care must be taken for reproducing these frameworks to other fisheries. The results of IRV analysis can be useful for stock assessments and in developing effective management measures in combination with other complementary information.

New Scientific Information Can Help to Inform the Evaluation of EU Deep-sea Fisheries Regulations

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Phillip J Turner ◽  
Matthew Gianni ◽  
Ellen Kenchington ◽  
Sebastian Valanko ◽  
David E Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Sea Fish ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Fish Population Structure

Abstract The European Union’s deep-sea fisheries regulations (Regulation (EU) No. 2016/2336) established obligations to manage deep-sea fisheries and to protect vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs). The European Commission is scheduled to complete a review of the regulations in 2021, providing an opportunity for new scientific information to be incorporated into the implementation of the regulations. Here, we summarise research outputs from the EU-funded Horizon 2020 ATLAS Project and explain their relevance to the regulation of deep-sea fisheries in EU waters. ATLAS research has increased our understanding of the distribution of VMEs and their importance in terms of ecosystem functioning. ATLAS research has also highlighted the utility of molecular techniques to understand fish population structure and the potential for habitat suitability models to help incorporate climate change into decision-making. Building on these scientific advances, we provide recommendations to help increase the effectiveness of management measures to conserve deep-sea fish stocks and protect VMEs.

149 Use of Risk Model for Assessment of Residents Perception of Complexity of Surgical Steps

Neurosurgery ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (CN_suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 214-214
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Raslan ◽  
Jeffrey Steven Raskin ◽  
Jesse Jia-Xin Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Operative Time ◽  
Resident Education ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Matrix Analysis ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Risk Matrix ◽  
Danger Zone ◽  
The Impact

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Quality improvement projects have begun to standardize surgical work flow as a component to optimize operative room (OR) efficiency. Removing special cause variability resulting from nonsurgical waste is an obvious target; however, surgical resident education must be maintained even in the setting of process improvement. There are no published data describing the impact on operative time of resident-identified risky or uncomfortable procedural steps during posterior instrumented fusion (PIF). Self-identification of risk or discomfort in surgical steps may allow for shorter OR time and reduced cost, without sacrificing resident education. METHODS: PIF procedure steps were defined. An 8 two-part question survey regarding surgeon comfort level and perceived risk assessment at each step was developed, and completed by junior (17) and senior residents (10), and faculty (6) from orthopedic and neurological surgeons. A risk matrix was constructed defining 2 zones, a “danger zone” where responses were both high risk (3–5) and low comfort (1–3) and a “safe zone” where responses were low risk (1–2) and high comfort (4–5). One-tailed χ2 with Yates correction was performed. RESULTS: Risk matrix analysis showed a statistical difference among danger zone respondents between junior resident and faculty groups for exposure, pedicle screw placement, neural decompression, interbody placement, posterolateral fusion, and hemostasis (Table 2). Radar graph identifies percentage of respondents who fall within the danger zone (Figure 1). CONCLUSION: Resident perception of surgical complexity can be evaluated for procedural steps using a risk matrix survey. For PIF, residents assign more risk and are less comfortable performing steps in a training-dependent manner. Identification of particular high-risk steps, which are uncomfortable, should prompt strict faculty oversight to improve patient safety, monitor resident education, and reduce operative time.

scholarly journals Interferon Kappa Inhibits Human Papillomavirus 31 Transcription by Inducing Sp100 Proteins

2015 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 694-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Habiger ◽  
Günter Jäger ◽  
Michael Walter ◽  
Thomas Iftner ◽  
Frank Stubenrauch
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Human Papillomaviruses ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Viral Transcription ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type I Ifn ◽  
Persistent Infections ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

ABSTRACTHigh-risk human papillomaviruses (hr-HPV) establish persistent infections in keratinocytes, which can lead to cancer of the anogenital tract. Interferons (IFNs) are a family of secreted cytokines that induce IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), many of which display antiviral activities. Transcriptome studies have indicated that established hr-HPV-positive cell lines display a reduced expression of ISGs, which correlates with decreased levels of interferon kappa (IFN-κ), a type I IFN constitutively expressed in keratinocytes. Prior studies have also suggested that IFN-β has anti-hr-HPV activity but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. The downregulation of IFN-κ by hr-HPV raises the possibility that IFN-κ has anti-HPV activity. Using doxycycline-inducible IFN-κ expression in CIN612-9E cells, which maintain extrachromosomally replicating HPV31 genomes, we demonstrated that IFN-κ inhibits the growth of these cells and reduces viral transcription and replication. Interestingly, the initiation of viral early transcription was already inhibited at 4 to 6 h after IFN-κ expression. This was also observed with recombinant IFN-β, suggesting a common mechanism of IFNs. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis identified 1,367 IFN-κ-regulated genes, of which 221 were modulated >2-fold. The majority of those (71%) matched known ISGs, confirming that IFN-κ acts as abona fidetype I IFN in hr-HPV-positive keratinocytes. RNA interference (RNAi) and cotransfection experiments indicated that the inhibition of viral transcription is mainly due to the induction of Sp100 proteins by IFN-κ. Consistent with published data showing that Sp100 acts as a restriction factor for HPV18 infection, our results suggest that hr-HPV target IFN-κ to prevent Sp100 expression and identify Sp100 as an ISG with anti-HPV activity.IMPORTANCEHigh-risk HPV can establish persistent infections which may progress to anogenital cancers. hr-HPV interfere with the expression of interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs), which is due to reduced levels of IFN-κ, an IFN that is constitutively expressed in human keratinocytes. This study reveals that IFN-κ rapidly inhibits HPV transcription and that this is due to the induction of Sp100 proteins. Thus, Sp100 represents an ISG for hr-HPV.

scholarly journals Sumberdaya Kuda Laut (Hippocampus spp.) di Perairan Pulau Bintan, Teluk Lampung dan Pulau Tanakeke

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Masayu Rahmia Anwar Putri ◽  
Astri Suryandari ◽  
Joni Haryadi
Keyword(s):  
Marine Species ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Data Deficient ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Habitat Damage ◽  
Over Exploitation ◽  
Sexually Mature

<strong>Seahorse Resources (Hippocampus spp.) in the Waters of Bintan Island, Lampung Bay and Tanakeke Island</strong>.Information on seahorse resources is very limited, from 35 species of marine species listed on the IUCN redlist, 20 species are listed as "data deficient" which illustrates the lack of information related to sea horses, even for highly exploited species. This research was conducted to inventory sea horse resources (<em>Hippocampus</em> spp.), covering spesies information, size, sex ratio and density of seahorses from three potential locations, they are Bintan Island, Lampung and Tanakeke Island Waters. Field observation for seahorse resources was conducted at Bintan Island (Riau Islands Province) in March 2016, Lampung Bay (Lampung Province) in May 2016 and Tanakeke Islands (Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi) in June 2016 by purposive sampling method, interview with fisherman and collector and also literature study. A total of 5 seahorse species were found in three research locations, 4 species found in Bintan waters <em>(H. comes</em>, <em>H. spinossisimus</em>, <em>H. hystrix</em> and <em>H. kuda</em>), 2 species found in Lampung Bay (<em>H. comes</em> and <em>H. kuda</em>) and only 1 species found in Tanakeke (<em>H.barbouri</em>). Most of seahorse found during the study were categorized as sexually mature, dominated with seahorse 11-12 cm in size. The different types and densities of seahorses in the three study sites are supported by differences in habitat where seahorses are occupied. The density of seahorses tended to be low due to over-exploitation, environmental change and habitat damage. Management measures based on biological aspects and ecological conditions of each region need to be carried out for sustainable seahorse fisheries.

scholarly journals North Sea cod recovery?

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 961-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Horwood ◽  
Carl O'Brien ◽  
Chris Darby
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Fishing Mortality ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Stock Assessments ◽  
Low Levels

AbstractRecovery of depleted marine, demersal, commercial fish stocks has proved elusive worldwide. As yet, just a few shared or highly migratory stocks have been restored. Here we review the current status of the depleted North Sea cod (Gadus morhua), the scientific advice to managers, and the recovery measures in place. Monitoring the progress of North Sea cod recovery is now hampered by considerable uncertainties in stock assessments associated with low stock size, variable survey indices, and inaccurate catch data. In addition, questions arise as to whether recovery targets are achievable in a changing natural environment. We show that current targets are achievable with fishing mortality rates that are compatible with international agreements even if recruitment levels remain at the current low levels. Furthermore, recent collations of data on international fishing effort have allowed estimation of the cuts in fishing mortality achieved by restrictions on North Sea effort. By the beginning of 2005, these restrictions are estimated to have reduced fishing mortality rates by about 37%. This is insufficient to ensure recovery of North Sea cod within the next decade.

Distant-Water Fisheries and Their Relation to Development and Management

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 2456-2462 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Gulland
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Timely Fashion ◽  
Catch Rates ◽  
Development And Management ◽  
Present World

An important proportion of the present world catch of fish (some 12% by weight, and more by value) is taken by long-range vessels. In some areas, e.g. the Northwest Atlantic, the proportion taken by long-range vessels is higher, up to 50%. The operations of these fleets and their effects on the operations of local fishermen have been causes of international friction on a number of occasions.The ability of long-range fleets to concentrate quickly on a newly exploited resource can mean that severe damage may be done to the resource before the necessary management measures can be implemented, at least by the traditional machinery. Management techniques need to be improved to enable them to react in a more timely fashion to changing fishing patterns (this also applies to local fisheries, where the speed of development is also becoming rapid).With proper management, long-range fishing is at present the most effective way of harvesting many of the world’s fish stocks, and without it there would be a big drop in the total world catch. However, given equal access to modern technology and to better markets, local fisheries with lower capital and running costs are likely to be more efficient at harvesting the resource. In the long run, local fisheries may be expected to replace long-range fleets in most areas. In the short run, the existence of the long-range fleets, by reducing the abundance of the stocks, and hence the catch rates, may inhibit the development of local fisheries, and reduce the success of those already existing. This may be balanced by benefiting from the experience of the long-range fleets as regards the best fishing grounds, seasons, etc.

Evaluating the potential for trophodynamic control of fish by the longfin inshore squid (Loligo pealeii) in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 2524-2535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Hunsicker ◽  
Timothy E. Essington
Keyword(s):  
Published Data ◽  
Apex Predator ◽  
Northwest Atlantic ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Juvenile Mortality ◽  
Fish Recruitment ◽  
Juvenile Stages ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Loligo Pealeii

Many marine apex predator populations have been depleted via targeted fishing, potentially enhancing the productivity of lower trophic-level species such as squid. Squid may be predators of juvenile stages of fish stocks, so fishing could induce depensatory juvenile mortality. Here we evaluate the energetic potential of the longfin inshore squid ( Loligo pealeii ) to exert trophodynamic control on recruitment of several commercially important fish populations. We estimated the population prey consumption of L. pealeii by developing bioenergetics and population models based on previously published data. Our predictions of population consumption showed that squid consume high quantities of prey on daily and seasonal time scales. Further, comparisons between our estimates of population consumption and fish recruitment biomass indicate that L. pealeii may potentially exert a trophodynamic control on the recruitment success of commercially exploited fish species even if these species are only a minor prey item of squid. Overall, our findings suggest that the predation interactions of L. pealeii should be considered when managing and rebuilding fish stocks in the northwest Atlantic continental shelf ecosystem.

Tissue Microarray (TMA) Study in DLBC Lymphomas (DLBCL): Could the Extranodal Origin Affect the Prognostic Impact of the Analysis?.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 2037-2037
Author(s):  
Daniele Laszlo ◽  
Giancarlo Pruneri ◽  
Giovanna Andreola ◽  
Davide Radice ◽  
Liliana Calabrese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cdna Microarray ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
Microarray Technology ◽  
B Cell Differentiation

Abstract DLBCL can be divided into two prognostically different subgroups, germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) and activated B-cell-like (ABC), according to twodifferent gene patterns identified with cDNA microarray technology. Though valuable, this technology is expensive and not generally available. However, the identification of individual antigens related to different stages of B-cell differentiation using immunohistochemistry, can be used to assess the two profiles yielding comparable results with respect to cDNA microarray technique. We have retrospectively investigated 105 patients (pts) diagnosed with de novo DLBCL and treated at our centre between November 2001 and June 2004; the only inclusion criteria was the availability of a tissue biopsy at diagnosis. Median age was 62 (19–85); stage at diagnosis was I–II in 49 pts (47%), III in 14 pts (13%) and IV in 42 pts (40%); according to IPI, 74 (70%) pts were defined as low (0–2) and 31 (30%) as high risk (3–5). Interestingly, the majority (53%) of our pts, had a primary extranodal lymphoma at diagnosis. TMA analysis was performed with antibodies to CD10, bcl-6 and MUM1 allowing the following classification: 50 pts (48%) were considered having CGB lymphoma and 55 pts (52%) having ABC disease. According to IPI risk score, 38 pts with CGB and 36 with ABC lymphoma were at low risk (0–2) whereas 10 with CGB and 16 with ABC lymphoma were at high risk (3–5). All pts received a median of 6 cycles of a CHOP-like, antracycline-based polychemotherapy. Observed ORR was 89% (94/105); 62 (59%) pts achieved a CR, 32 (30.5%) a PR while 11 (10.5%) failed to respond to treatment. Median follow-up of the surviving pts was 45 months ( 5–110). The 3-year OS for the entire group was 71% and the 3-year EFS was 54%. In terms of CR, PD and resistance to therapy, no difference was observed between the two TMA types of DLBCL. Pts obtaining a CR after 1st line treatment were equally distributed in both groups (28.6% in CGB vs 30.5% in ABC) as were those not responding to therapy (3.8% in CGB versus 6.7% in ABC). A separate analysis in pts with stage IV disease at diagnosis was also performed and showed similar results (40.5% of CR, 23.8% of NR; no difference was observed between the two TMA defined subgroups). Pts who experienced a PD at any time, were equally distributed between the 2 subgroups, either if they relapsed after first line therapy (6 pts in CGB group , 10 in the ABC one) or after any other subsequent treatment (12 in the CGB group, 18 in the ABC one). Furthermore, 39 of 56 (69%) patients with extranodal presentation at diagnosis showed a CR independently of their subgroup distribution (37.5% in the CGL group vs 32.1% in the ABC one), and pts experiencing a PR were equally distributed between the two groups. Our data do not support the use of TMA to predict outcome in DLBCL. However, previously published data supporting the prognostic impact of TMA, have not enrolled pts with lymphomas of primary extranodal origin which, instead, were the majority in our study. Indeed, the study by Colomo et al, which enrolled 39% of pts affected by extranodal lymphomas, also failed to demonstrate a role of TMA in predicting outcome in DLBCL pts. Furthermore, the use of a limited number of antigens to define different subtypes of DLBCL may not be sufficient to identify the same patterns as defined by cDNA microarray technology.

scholarly journals Quantifying relative fishing impact on fish populations based on spatio-temporal overlap of fishing effort and stock density

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 618-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Vinther ◽  
Margit Eero
Keyword(s):  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Fish Populations ◽  
Fishing Mortality ◽  
Fishing Impact ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Stock Assessments ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Substantial Decline ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Temporal Overlap

Abstract Vinther, M., and Eero, M. 2013. Quantifying relative fishing impact on fish populations based on spatio-temporal overlap of fishing effort and stock density. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 618–627. Evaluations of the effects of management measures on fish populations are usually based on the analyses of population dynamics and estimates of fishing mortality from stock assessments. However, this approach may not be applicable in all cases, in particular for data-limited stocks, which may suffer from uncertain catch information and consequently lack reliable estimates of fishing mortality. In this study we develop an approach to obtain proxies for changes in fishing mortality based on effort information and predicted stock distribution. Cod in the Kattegat is used as an example. We use GAM analyses to predict local cod densities and combine this with spatio-temporal data of fishing effort based on VMS (Vessel Monitoring System). To quantify local fishing impact on the stock, retention probability of the gears is taken into account. The results indicate a substantial decline in the impact of the Danish demersal trawl fleet on cod in the Kattegat in recent years, due to a combination of closed areas, introduction of selective gears and changes in overall effort.

scholarly journals Assessment of Coral Reef Fish Stocks From the Nansha Islands, South China Sea, Using Length-Based Bayesian Biomass Estimation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kui Zhang ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Dengfu Shi ◽  
Zuozhi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
South China ◽  
Coral Reef Fish ◽  
Nansha Islands ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Reef Fish Species

The South China Sea (SCS) is one of the world’s main centers for coral reef diversity, with more than one-third of all reef fish species being found in this area. Some indications of overfishing have appeared in typical coral reefs of the SCS, as fish diversities have declined and the average body lengths of dominant fish species have decreased. However, only few assessments of coral reef fish stocks have been conducted, due to insufficient available data. In this study, we applied a newly developed length-based Bayesian biomass (LBB) estimation method to assess 10 dominant coral reef fish species from three main reefs (Yongshu Reef, Zhubi Reef, and Meiji Reef) of the Nansha Islands, SCS. Simulations indicated the estimated parameters were not sensitive to sample sizes (more than 100) using the LBB method. Our results showed that the relative biomass levels (B/BMSY) of Cephalopholis spiloparaea, Cephalopholis urodeta, Lutjanus gibbus, Gnathodentex aureolineatus, Pentapodus caninus, and Cheilinus fasciatus were between 0.16 and 0.45, suggesting an overfishing status; the relative biomass levels of Epinephelus merra, and Parupeneus crassilabris were 0.98 and 1.1, respectively, indicating that they were fully exploited; and the relative biomass levels of Lutjanus kasmira and Melichthys vidua were 1.3 and 2.5, respectively, indicating the populations were in good conditions. The estimates of Lc/Lc_opt were less than one for seven stocks, suggesting that the stocks were suffering from growth overfishing. Therefore, we emphasize the need to reduce fishing mortality and increase the mesh size of the coral reef fishery in the Nansha Islands, to achieve a sustainable yield and biomass.

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