scholarly journals Social reward and support effects on exercise experiences and performance: Evidence from parkrun

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0256546
Author(s):  
Arran J. Davis ◽  
Pádraig MacCarron ◽  
Emma Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
Social Reward ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Repeated Measures Design

There is growing academic, civic and policy interest in the public health benefits of community-based exercise events. Shifting the emphasis from competitive sport to communal activity, these events have wide appeal. In addition to physical health benefits, regular participation can reduce social isolation and loneliness through opportunities for social connection. Taking a broad evolutionary and social psychological perspective, we suggest that social factors warrant more attention in current approaches to physical (in)activity and exercise behavior. We develop and test the hypothesis that social reward and support in exercise are associated with positive exercise experiences and greater performance outputs. Using a repeated-measures design, we examine the influence of social perceptions and behavior on subjective enjoyment, energy, fatigue, effort, and objective performance (run times) among a UK sample of parkrun participants. Social factors were associated with greater subjective enjoyment and energy. Higher subjective energy, in turn, was associated with faster run times, without any corresponding increase in perceived effort. No significant main effects of social factors on fatigue, performance or effort were detected. The role of social structural factors has long been recognized in public health approaches to physical activity. Our results indicate that there should be greater research attention on how positive and rewarding social behaviors and experiences—particularly subjective enjoyment and energy, and perceptions of community social support and belonging—influence exercise-related behavior, psychology and physiology, and promote health through collective physical activity. The research also supplements traditional emphases on social facilitation and team sport that have dominated sport and exercise psychology and offers new avenues for understanding the deep connections among psychological, social and physical function in everyday health.

scholarly journals Social Reward and Support Effects on Exercise Experiences and Performance: Evidence from Parkrun

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arran Davis ◽  
Pádraig MacCarron ◽  
Emma Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
Social Reward ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Repeated Measures Design

Abstract There is growing academic, civic and policy interest in the public health benefits of community-based exercise events. Shifting the emphasis from competitive sport to communal activity, these events have wide appeal. In addition to physical health benefits, regular participation can reduce social isolation and loneliness through opportunities for social connection. Taking a broad evolutionary and social psychological perspective, we develop and test the hypothesis that social reward and support are associated with more positive exercise experiences and greater performance outputs. Using a repeated-measures design, we examine the influence of social perceptions and behaviour on subjective enjoyment, energy, fatigue, effort, and objective performance (run times) among a UK sample of parkrun participants. Social factors were associated with greater subjective enjoyment and energy. Higher subjective energy, in turn, was associated with faster run times, without any corresponding increase in perceived effort. No significant main effects of social factors on fatigue, performance or effort were detected. The role of social structural factors has long been recognised in public health approaches to physical activity. Our results motivate greater research attention on how positive and rewarding social behaviours and experiences – particularly subjective enjoyment and energy, and perceptions of community social support and belonging - influence exercise-related behaviour, psychology and physiology, and promote health through collective physical activity. The research also supplements traditional emphases on social facilitation and team sport that have dominated sport and exercise psychology and offers new avenues for understanding the deep connections among psychological, social and physical function in everyday health.

scholarly journals Social Reward and Support Effects on Exercise Experiences and Performance: Evidence from Parkrun

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arran Davis ◽  
Pádraig MacCarron ◽  
Emma Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Social Reward ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Social Collaboration

Abstract Background: There is growing academic, civic and policy interest in the public health benefits of community-based exercise events. Shifting the emphasis from competitive sport to communal activity, these events have wide appeal, including among those new to sport or exercise. In addition to health benefits of physical activity, regular participation can reduce social isolation and loneliness through opportunities for social connection. Taking a broad evolutionary and social psychological perspective, we suggest that social factors warrant more attention in current approaches to physical (in)activity and exercise behaviour. We develop and test the hypothesis that social reward and support in exercise are associated with positive exercise experiences and greater performance outputs. Methods: Using a repeated-measures survey design, we examine the influence of social behaviour (e.g., attending with others, pre-event socialising) and perceptions of social support and belonging on subjective enjoyment, energy, fatigue, effort, and objective performance (run times) among a UK sample of parkrun participants.Results: Social factors were associated with greater subjective enjoyment and energy. Higher subjective energy, in turn, was associated with faster run times, without any corresponding increase in perceived effort. No significant main effects of social factors on fatigue, performance or effort were detected. Conclusions: The role of social structural factors has long been recognised in public health approaches to physical activity. Our results motivate greater research attention on how positive and rewarding social behaviours and experiences – particularly subjective enjoyment and energy, and perceptions of community social support and belonging - influence exercise-related behaviour, psychology and physiology, and promote health through collective physical activity. Approaching community exercise as a powerful context for social collaboration, reward and belonging also supplements the traditional focus on social facilitation and team sport that has dominated social psychological approaches within the sport and exercise sciences, and offers new avenues for understanding the deep connections among psychological, social and physical function in everyday health.

scholarly journals Health Impacts of Urban Bicycling in Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2300
Author(s):  
David Rojas-Rueda
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Traffic Fatalities ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
Pollution Exposure

Background: Bicycling has been associated with health benefits. Local and national authorities have been promoting bicycling as a tool to improve public health and the environment. Mexico is one of the largest Latin American countries, with high levels of sedentarism and non-communicable diseases. No previous studies have estimated the health impacts of Mexico’s national bicycling scenarios. Aim: Quantify the health impacts of Mexico urban bicycling scenarios. Methodology: Quantitative Health Impact Assessment, estimating health risks and benefits of bicycling scenarios in 51,718,756 adult urban inhabitants in Mexico (between 20 and 64 years old). Five bike scenarios were created based on current bike trends in Mexico. The number of premature deaths (increased or reduced) was estimated in relation to physical activity, road traffic fatalities, and air pollution. Input data were collected from national publicly available data sources from transport, environment, health and population reports, and surveys, in addition to scientific literature. Results: We estimated that nine premature deaths are prevented each year among urban populations in Mexico on the current car-bike substitution and trip levels (1% of bike trips), with an annual health economic benefit of US $1,897,920. If Mexico achieves similar trip levels to those reported in The Netherlands (27% of bike trips), 217 premature deaths could be saved annually, with an economic impact of US $45,760,960. In all bicycling scenarios assessed in Mexico, physical activity’s health benefits outweighed the health risks related to traffic fatalities and air pollution exposure. Conclusion: The study found that bicycling promotion in Mexico would provide important health benefits. The benefits of physical activity outweigh the risk from traffic fatalities and air pollution exposure in bicyclists. At the national level, Mexico could consider using sustainable transport policies as a tool to promote public health. Specifically, the support of active transportation through bicycling and urban design improvements could encourage physical activity and its health co-benefits.

scholarly journals Economic evaluation of ‘Men on the Move’, a ‘real world’ community-based physical activity programme for men

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam Kelly ◽  
Michael Harrison ◽  
Noel Richardson ◽  
Paula Carroll ◽  
Tom Egan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Physical activity (PA) interventions capable of producing health benefits cost effectively are a public health priority across the Western world. ‘Men on the Move’ (MOM), a community-based PA intervention for men, demonstrated significant health benefits up to 52-weeks (W) post-baseline. This article details the economic evaluation of MOM with a view to determining its cost-effectiveness as a public health intervention to be rolled out nationally in Ireland. Methods Cost-effectiveness was determined by comparing the costs (direct and indirect) of the programme to its benefits, which were captured as the impact on quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). For the benefits, cost–utility analysis was conducted by retrospectively adapting various health-related measures of participants to generate health states using Brazier et al.’s (2002) short form-6D algorithm. This in turn allowed for ‘utility measures’ to be generated, from which QALYs were derived. Results Findings show MOM to be cost-effective in supporting an ‘at risk’ cohort of men achieves significant improvements in aerobic fitness, weight loss and waist reduction. The total cost per participant (€125.82 for each of the 501 intervention participants), the QALYs gained (11.98 post-12-W intervention, or 5.3% health improvement per participant) and estimated QALYs ratio costs of €3723 represents a cost-effective improvement when compared to known QALY guidelines. Conclusions The analysis shows that the cost per QALY achieved by MOM is significantly less than the existing benchmarks of £20 000 and €45 000 in the UK and Ireland respectively, demonstrating MOM to be cost-effective.

scholarly journals Physical Activity and Sports—Real Health Benefits: A Review with Insight into the Public Health of Sweden

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christer Malm ◽  
Johan Jakobsson ◽  
Andreas Isaksson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Psychosocial Health ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Positive Effects

Positive effects from sports are achieved primarily through physical activity, but secondary effects bring health benefits such as psychosocial and personal development and less alcohol consumption. Negative effects, such as the risk of failure, injuries, eating disorders, and burnout, are also apparent. Because physical activity is increasingly conducted in an organized manner, sport’s role in society has become increasingly important over the years, not only for the individual but also for public health. In this paper, we intend to describe sport’s physiological and psychosocial health benefits, stemming both from physical activity and from sport participation per se. This narrative review summarizes research and presents health-related data from Swedish authorities. It is discussed that our daily lives are becoming less physically active, while organized exercise and training increases. Average energy intake is increasing, creating an energy surplus, and thus, we are seeing an increasing number of people who are overweight, which is a strong contributor to health problems. Physical activity and exercise have significant positive effects in preventing or alleviating mental illness, including depressive symptoms and anxiety- or stress-related disease. In conclusion, sports can be evolving, if personal capacities, social situation, and biological and psychological maturation are taken into account. Evidence suggests a dose–response relationship such that being active, even to a modest level, is superior to being inactive or sedentary. Recommendations for healthy sports are summarized.

scholarly journals Tracking Children’s Physical Activity Patterns across the School Year: A Mixed-Methods Longitudinal Case Study

Children ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Irfan Khawaja ◽  
Lorayne Woodfield ◽  
Peter Collins ◽  
Adam Benkwitz ◽  
Alan Nevill
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
School Year

Despite the breadth of health benefits associated with regular physical activity (PA), many children in the UK are not sufficiently active enough to meet health guidelines, and tend to become less active as they mature into and throughout adolescence. Research has indicated that children’s school, home and neighbourhood environments can all significantly influence their opportunities to engage in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). However, less is known about how children’s MVPA patterns within these key environments may change across the school year. The current mixed-methods case study aims to explore this issue by tracking key stage 2 (KS2) and key stage 3 (KS3) children’s MVPA patterns across the school year. Fifty-eight children (29 boys, 29 girls, KS2 = 34, KS3 = 24) wore an integrated global positioning systems (GPS) and heart rate (HR) monitor over four consecutive days in the first term of school (autumn), before these measurements were repeated in the two remaining school terms (winter–summer). A subsample of children (n = 6–8 per group) were invited to take part in one of six focus groups each term to further explore their PA behaviours and identify the barriers and facilitators to PA. The children’s MVPA was significantly lower (p = 0.046) in term 2 (winter/spring term) than during the warmer terms (autumn and summer). All the locations showed reductions in MVPA in term 2, except indoor MVPA, which increased, and MVPA on foot in the neighbourhood, which remained consistent. Focus groups revealed location, friends, and the variety of options to be associated with MVPA, and poor weather, parental permission, and time limitations to be barriers to MVPA. This mixed-methodological, repeated-measures design study highlights differences in the activity patterns and perceptions of children over the school year. Future studies should implement longitudinal, multi-method approaches to gain deeper insight into how children’s PA behaviours differ over time. Consequently, this can inform future health policies promoting children’s PA throughout the year.

Effects of Vigorous Intensity Physical Activity on Mathematics Test Performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Phillips ◽  
James C. Hannon ◽  
Darla M. Castelli
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Math Scores ◽  
Mathematics Test ◽  
Eighth Grade Students ◽  
Intensity Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Condition

The effect of an acute bout of physical activity on academic performance in school-based settings is under researched. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between a single, vigorous (70–85%) bout of physical activity completed during physical education on standardized mathematics test performance among 72, eighth grade students at a school in the Southwestern United States. Students received both a physical activity and nonactive condition, in a repeated measures design. Academic performance measures were collected at 30 and 45-minutes post condition. It was hypothesized that students would have greater gains in mathematics test scores post physical activity condition compared with post nonactive condition. Results reported students achieved 11–22% higher math scores at 30 minutes post physical activity condition compared with other time points (45 minutes post PA, 30 and 45 minutes post sedentary) (F(1, 68) = 14.42, p < .001, d = .90). Findings suggest that physical activity may facilitate academic performance in math.

scholarly journals Optimizing Physical Activity and Decreasing Care-Resistant Behaviors Among Nursing Home Residents With Dementia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 630-630
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Galik ◽  
Barbara Resnick ◽  
Erin Vigne ◽  
Sarah Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Resistiveness To Care ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of the Function and Behavior Focused Care (FBFC) intervention on function, physical activity and behavioral symptoms among nursing home residents with dementia. This study was a clustered, randomized controlled trial with a repeated measures design in 12 nursing homes. The participants (N=336) were 82.6 (SD=10.1) years of age, mostly female and were moderate to severely cognitively impaired (MMSE of 7.8, SD=5.1). There were a statistically significant improvements in time spent in light, moderate and overall physical activity based on actigraphy and a decrease in resistiveness to care at 4 months among participants in the treatment group. There was no change in mood, agitation, and the use of psychotropic medications. This study provides some support for the use of the FBFC intervention to increase time spent in physical activity and decrease resistive behaviors during care among nursing home residents with dementia. Part of a symposium sponsored by Nursing Care of Older Adults Interest Group.

Physical activity profiling during pregnancy: Application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour by scrutinising the role of past behaviour.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlize DE VIVO ◽  
Hayley Mills
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽  
Predictive Utility ◽  
Planned Behaviour ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Activity Profiling ◽  
Novel Concept

Objectives: To examine the predictive utility of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) in explaining pregnant women’s physical activity intentions and behaviour and to scrutinise the role of past behaviour within this context. Method: A repeated measures design required pregnant women to complete the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) and TPB questionnaires on two occasions. Using published guidance, both formative and definitive stages were implemented as part of a comprehensive and robust approach to the construction of a TPB questionnaire. Results: Firstly, when considering the original TPB, intention emerged as the strongest determinant of pregnant women’s PA behaviour. Secondly, controlling for past behaviour attenuated the influence of intention and PBC on behaviour with neither of the original variables providing a unique influence. Finally, the addition of past behaviour led to an increase in the predictive utility of the TPB. Conclusion: Utilising the TPB as a flexible framework revealed the importance of contextual changes in the explanation of PA intention and behaviour during pregnancy. Physical activity profiling of pregnant women is proposed as a novel concept to present healthcare professionals and researchers with the opportunity to introduce tailored support based on motivation and behaviour status.

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