scholarly journals Evidence for a dual-process account of over-imitation: Children imitate anti- and prosocial models equally, but prefer prosocial models once they become aware of multiple solutions to a task

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0256614
Author(s):  
Hanna Schleihauf ◽  
Stefanie Hoehl
Keyword(s):  
Efficient Solution ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Action Sequence ◽  
Intentional Actions ◽  
Social Motivations ◽  
Puzzle Box ◽  
Initial Tendency ◽  
Moral Transgression

Children imitate actions that are perceivably unnecessary to achieve the instrumental goal of an action sequence, a behavior termed over-imitation. It is debated whether this behavior is based on the motivation to follow behavioral norms and affiliate with the model or whether it can be interpreted in terms of a behavioral heuristic to copy observed intentional actions without questioning the purpose of each action step. To resolve this question, we tested whether preschool-aged children (N = 89) over-imitate a prosocial model, a helper in a prior third-party moral transgression, but refuse to over-imitate an antisocial model, the perpetrator of the moral transgression. After first observing an inefficient way to extract a reward from a puzzle box from either a perpetrator or a helper, children over-imitated the perpetrator to the same degree as they over-imitated the helper. In a second phase, children were then presented the efficient solution by the respective other model, i.e. the helper or the perpetrator. Over-imitation rates then dropped in both conditions, but remained significantly higher than in a baseline condition only when children had observed the prosocial model demonstrate the inefficient action sequence and the perpetrator performed the efficient solution. In contrast, over-imitation dropped to baseline level when the perpetrator had modelled the inefficient actions and the prosocial model subsequently showed children the efficient solution. In line with a dual-process account of over-imitation, results speak to a strong initial tendency to imitate perceivably irrelevant actions regardless of the model. Imitation behavior is then adjusted according to social motivations after deliberate consideration of different options to attain the goal.

scholarly journals Recommendations to improve insurance coverage for physiotherapy services in Iran: A multi-criteria decision making approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Shahabi ◽  
Seyed Taghi Heydari ◽  
Kamran Bagheri Lankarani ◽  
Leila Zarei
Keyword(s):  
Population Aging ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Goods And Services

Abstract Background: High toll of traffic-related injuries, climate change, natural disasters, population aging, as well as chronic diseases have all made considerable demands on receiving physiotherapy services in Iran. Nevertheless, there is an assortment of complications facing utilization of such services, particularly poor insurance coverage. Therefore, the present study investigated and prioritized potential policy recommendations to improve insurance coverage for physiotherapy services in Iran.Methods: This project was carried out in Iran, using a mix-methods (viz. qualitative-quantitative) approach. Within the first phase, a qualitative study was completed to find policy recommendations. Such recommendations were then prioritized through the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), in the second phase, based on effectiveness, acceptability, cost, fairness, feasibility, and time. Results: Within the first phase, a total number of 30 semi-structured interviews with health policy-makers, health insurers, faculty members, rehabilitation experts, and physiotherapists were completed. Several policy recommendations were also proposed by the study participants. Following the second phase, prioritized recommendations were provided to promote stewardship (e.g. informing policy-makers about physiotherapy services), collection of funds (e.g. placing value-added taxes on luxury goods and services), pooling of funds (e.g. moving allocated resources towards insurance [viz. third-party] mechanism), purchasing (e.g. using strategic purchasing), and benefit package (e.g. considering preventive interventions) as the main components of insurance coverage. Conclusion: The study findings provided a favorable ground to improve insurance coverage for physiotherapy services in Iran. As well, decision- and policy-makers can place these recommendations on the agenda in the health sector to protect population health status, especially that of groups with disabilities.

scholarly journals Recommendations to improve the insurance coverage for physiotherapy services in Iran A multi-criteria decision making approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Shahabi ◽  
Seyed Taghi Heydari ◽  
Kamran Bagheri Lankarani ◽  
Leila Zarei
Keyword(s):  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Third Party ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Goods And Services

Abstract Background High rate of traffic injuries, climate changes, natural disasters, aging, and chronic diseases have been resulted in a considerable demand for receiving physiotherapy in Iran. However, there are various complications in utilization of physiotherapy services, especially poor insurance coverage. This study investigated and prioritized potential policy recommendations to improve the insurance coverage for physiotherapy services in Iran. Methods The present project was carried out using mix-method (qualitative-quantitative) approach in Iran. In the first phase, a qualitative study was conducted to find the policy recommendations and in the second phase, obtained policy recommendations were prioritized based on the effectiveness, acceptability, cost, fairness, feasibility, and time using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Results In the first phase, 30 semi-structured interviews with health policy-makers, health insurers, faculty members, rehabilitation experts, and physiotherapists were conducted. Several policy recommendations were proposed by participants. Following the second phase, prioritized recommendations were provided to promote stewardship (e.g. informing the policy-makers about physiotherapy services), collection of funds (e.g. value-added tax on luxury goods and services), pooling of funds (e.g. moving the allocated resources to insurance (third party) mechanism), purchasing (e.g. using strategic purchasing), and benefit package (e.g. considering the preventive interventions) as main components of insurance coverage. Conclusion The findings of this study will be provided a favorable ground to improve the insurance coverage for physiotherapy services in Iran, and decision- and policy-makers can place these recommendations at their agenda settings in the health sector to protect the health status of population, especially disabled groups.

Approaching the Internet of Things through Integrating SOA and Complex Event Processing

2014 ◽  
pp. 304-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Boubeta-Puig ◽  
Guadalupe Ortiz ◽  
Inmaculada Medina-Bulo
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Efficient Solution ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Complex Event Processing ◽  
Third Party ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Event Processing ◽  
Service Oriented Architectures ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) provides a large amount of data, which can be shared or consumed by thousands of individuals and organizations around the world. These organizations can be connected using Service-Oriented Architectures (SOAs), which have emerged as an efficient solution for modular system implementation allowing easy communications among third-party applications; however, SOAs do not provide an efficient solution to consume IoT data for those systems requiring on-demand detection of significant or exceptional situations. In this regard, Complex Event Processing (CEP) technology continuously processes and correlates huge amounts of events to detect and respond to changing business processes. In this chapter, the authors propose the use of CEP to facilitate the demand-driven detection of relevant situations. This is achieved by aggregating simple events generated by an IoT platform in an event-driven SOA, which makes use of an enterprise service bus for the integration of IoT, CEP, and SOA. The authors illustrate this approach through the implementation of a case study. Results confirm that CEP provides a suitable solution for the case study problem statement.

DWT-Based Steganography for Image Transmission

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-103
Author(s):  
Sahar A. El-Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Image Transmission ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
Hide Information ◽  
Development Data

Due to internet development, data transfer becomes faster and easier to transmit and receive different data types. The possibility of data loss or data modification by a third party is high. So, designing a model that allows stakeholders to share their data confidently over the internet is urgent. Steganography is a term used to hide information and an attempt to conceal the existence of embedded information in different types of multimedia. In this chapter, a steganography model is proposed to embed an image into a cover image based on DWT approach as the first phase. Then, the embedded secret image is extracted from the stego-image as the second phase. Model performance was evaluated based on signal noise ratio (SNR), PSNR, and MSE (mean square error). The proposed steganographic model based on DWT is implemented to hide confidential images about a nuclear reactor and military devices. The findings indicate that the proposed model provides a relatively high embedding payload with no visual distortion in the stego-image. It improves the security and maintains the hidden image correctness.

It’s Not Personal: A Review and Theoretical Integration of Research on Vicarious Workplace Mistreatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 2322-2351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Y. Dhanani ◽  
Matthew L. LaPalme
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Workplace Mistreatment ◽  
The Impact

Recent advancements in the area of workplace mistreatment have begun to challenge our view of who is affected by this phenomenon. Whereas it was initially assumed that mistreatment affected a small subset of employees who were directly targeted by negative treatment, empirical work has documented that employees who observe or become aware of others being mistreated are also adversely affected. However, the extant literature examining vicarious mistreatment has developed in silos centered around individual mistreatment constructs and individual outcome domains, and there is currently little integration among these bodies of work. As such, this paper draws on a systematic review of empirical studies examining vicarious mistreatment to summarize its antecedents and outcomes. The review further enumerates the mechanisms that transmit the effects of vicarious mistreatment to third-party outcomes and the moderating variables that may mitigate or amplify the impact of vicarious mistreatment. The culmination of this review is the development of a dual process model of vicarious mistreatment that integrates prior theoretical perspectives into an overarching framework to guide subsequent research. The authors then conclude by providing a road map for future theoretical and empirical work on vicarious mistreatment. Included within the future research agenda is a constructive critique of current research designs and methodological approaches that may undermine the field’s understanding of how vicarious mistreatment operates.

scholarly journals A priority based on min-min algorithm for reducing make span task scheduling in cloud computing

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 2039
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Mohammed Hussein Obaid ◽  
Santosh Kumar Pani ◽  
Prasant Kumar Pattnaik
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Task Scheduling ◽  
Span Task ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
A Priority ◽  
Priority Algorithm

This paper proposes a two-phase technique for task scheduling which works on third-party broker. The priority algorithm is executed by selecting the task that has the highest priority. However, if more than one task has the same priority; it goes to second phase to execute the traditional Min-Min algorithm. Experiments are conducted by considering random tasks in order to compare the performance of the pro-posed algorithm with the Min-Min algorithm. The recorded experimental outcomes indicate that the proposed technique is given 10% better results as compared to the traditional Min-Min algorithm.

Leader humility and constructive voice behavior in China: a dual process model

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 840-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Li ◽  
Qiaozhuan Liang ◽  
Zhenzhen Zhang ◽  
Xiao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Voice Behavior ◽  
Speaking Up ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Speaking Out ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Leader Humility

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to find how leader humility affects employees’ constructive voice behavior toward supervisor (speaking up) and coworkers (speaking out) from an identification-based perspective, and seeks to verify the effectiveness of leader humility in the Chinese context.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 325 employees in four Chinese companies with two phases. In the first phase, the participants were asked to report the leader humility, their identification of their relations with the supervisor, and their identification with their organization. In the second phase, they were asked to report their voice behaviors toward their supervisors and coworkers.FindingsThe results indicate that leader humility strongly predicts both employees’ voice behaviors of speaking up and speaking out. Results further suggest that relational identification with the supervisor explains why leader humility promotes employees speaking up, while organizational identification explains why leader humility promotes employees speaking up and speaking out.Practical implicationsManagers with humility can successfully shape employees’ relational and organizational identifications, which in turn encourage their voice behaviors toward supervisors and coworkers. Hence, behaving humbly in working places could be an effective way for managers to promote organizational cohesion and creativity.Originality/valueAlthough leader humility attracts much attention in both academia and practice, researchers have been primarily focusing on conceptual development and measurement issues, and empirical studies are rare. This is the first research connecting leader humility and employee proactive behaviors. Moreover, it takes an in-depth analysis of the constructive voice behaviors by differentiating them based on their targets.

Secure Computation of Private Set Intersection Cardinality With Linear Complexity

2019 ◽  
pp. 142-180
Author(s):  
Sumit Kumar Debnath
Keyword(s):  
Private Information ◽  
Linear Complexity ◽  
Random Oracle Model ◽  
Bloom Filter ◽  
Random Oracle ◽  
Secure Computation ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Diffie Hellman

PSI and its variants play a major role when the participants want to perform secret operations on their private data sets. The importance of this chapter is twofold. In the first phase, the author presents a size-hiding PSI-CA protocol followed by its authorized variant, APSI-CA, utilizing Bloom filter. All these constructions are proven to be secure in standard model with linear complexity. In the second phase, the author employs Bloom filter to design an efficient mPSI-CA protocol. It achieves fairness using offline semi-trusted third party (arbiter) unlike the most efficient existing protocols. The arbiter is semi-trusted in the sense that he does not have access to the private information of the entities while he will follow the protocol honestly. Proposed mPSI-CA is proven to be secure against malicious adversaries in the random oracle model (ROM) under the decisional Diffie-Hellman (DDH) assumption. It achieves linear complexity.

scholarly journals Do Social Relationships With Those Who Witness Moral Transgression Affect the Sense of Guilt?

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 147470492110325
Author(s):  
Ryo Oda ◽  
Kazuki Sawada
Keyword(s):  
Moral Emotions ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Moral Foundation ◽  
Indirect Reciprocity ◽  
Good Reputation ◽  
Interpersonal Situations ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pro Social Behavior ◽  
Moral Transgression

Moral emotion is thought to have evolved to guide our behavior and control our impulse to achieve immediate rewards, thus serving to enforce pro-social behavior. Guilt, one of the moral emotions, is a social, other-oriented emotion that is experienced primarily in interpersonal situations, although it may also be experienced in non-interpersonal situations. We predicted that the intensity of the sense of guilt would differ depending on the relationship between a witness and the person who performed the antisocial behavior because building a good reputation plays an important role in the evolution of reciprocal altruism through indirect reciprocity. Participants were asked to imagine that they had been observed by a third party while committing five kinds of moral transgression based on moral foundation theory, and to describe the intensity of their sense of guilt when witnessed by parents, a cordial friend, a neighbor, or a stranger. The intensity of guilt was significantly lower when the act was witnessed by a stranger regardless of the moral foundation involved. The effects of the kind of witness, however, differed for each moral foundation. The results support the hypothesis that guilt functions to guide our behavior, to achieve cooperation.

scholarly journals Cultura, turismo e desenvolvimento: reflexões acerca do potencial arqueológico no município de Carnaúba dos Dantas (RN)

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilker Ricardo de Mendonça Nóbrega ◽  
Francineide Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Cultural Relevance ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Photographic Recording ◽  
Collection Methods

O principal objetivo deste trabalho é identificar as possibilidades e entraves para o desenvolvimento do turismo arqueológico na região do Seridó Potiguar, sobretudo no município de Carnaúba dos Dantas. O turismo arqueológico quando planejado e organizado pode ser um instrumento capaz de proteger, promover e potencializar o patrimônio arqueológico de uma determinada região. A metodologia do trabalho constituiu-se de um estudo exploratório, realizado por meio de duas pesquisas, a pesquisa bibliográfica, envolvendo conceitos associados à temática em questão, e em seguida, a segunda etapa caracterizou-se de um levantamento de dados por meio de uma pesquisa de campo, utilizando-se como instrumentos de coleta de dados, a observação direta, entrevistas e registro fotográfico. Os resultados apontaram que Carnaúba dos Dantas apresenta um significativo potencial para o desenvolvimento do turismo arqueológico, dentre elas a existência de atrativos que podem ser planejados para visitas organizadas de forma sistemática. Todavia, evidenciou-se como principal entrave para o desenvolvimento deste segmento turístico a falta de conhecimento e informação dos proprietários das áreas rurais acerca da relevância histórica e cultural dos registros rupestres. Acredita-se que se o segmento do turismo arqueológico for trabalhado de forma sinérgica entre os atores públicos, privados e do terceiro setor, a região poderia ter uma outra alternativa econômica além da pecuária, agricultura e mineração. Culture, tourism and development: insights on the potential exploration of archeological rock art in Carnaúba dos Dantas (RN, Brazil) ABSTRACT The primary objective of this study was to identify opportunities and bottlenecks for the development of archeological tourism in the Seridó Potiguar region, particularly in the municipality of Carnaúba dos Dantas. Archeological tourism, when well planned and organized, can serve as an instrument for protecting, promoting and potentiating the archeological heritage of a determined region. The methodology used in this study consisted of a literature review involving concepts associated with the topic in question, followed by a second phase involving data collection through fieldwork using the following data collection methods: participant observation, semi-structured interviews and photographic recording. The results indicate that there is a significant potential in Carnaúba dos Dantas to develop archeological tourism such as the existence of attractions that can be planned for organized visits in a systematic way. By contrast, it was observed a lack of knowledge and information among residents of the rural area in respect to the historical and cultural relevance of the rock art and this represents the primary bottleneck to development of this tourism segment. These findings suggest that, if the archeological tourism segment is approached in synergy among public, private and third party stakeholders, it could serve as an economic alternative to cattle raising, agriculture and mining for residents of the region. KEYWORDS: Tourism Development; Cultural and Archeological Heritage; Carnaúba dos Dantas.

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