Trends in urinary tract infection hospitalization in older adults in Spain from 2000-2015

Objective To analyze trends in urinary tract infection hospitalization (cystitis, pyelonephritis, prostatitis and non-specified UTI) among patients over 65 years in Spain from 2000–2015. Methods We conducted a retrospective observational study using the Spanish Hospitalization Minimum Data Set (CMBD), with codifications by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9). We collected data on sex, age, type of discharge, main diagnosis, comorbid diagnosis, length of stay, and global cost. All the hospitalizations were grouped by age into three categories: 65–74 years old, 75–84 years old, and 85 years old and above. In the descriptive statistical analysis, crude rates were defined as hospitalizations per 1,000 inhabitants aged ≥65. To identify trends over time, we performed a Joinpoint regression. Results From 2000–2015, we found 387,010 hospitalizations coded as UTIs (54,427 pyelonephritis, 15,869 prostatitis, 2643 cystitis and 314,071 non-specified UTI). The crude rate of hospitalization for UTIs between 2000 and 2015 ranged from 2.09 in 2000 to 4.33 in 2015 Rates of hospitalization were higher in men than in women, except with pyelonephritis. By age group, higher rates were observed in patients aged 85 years or older, barring prostatitis-related hospitalizations. Joinpoint analyses showed an average annual percentage increase (AAPC) in incidence rates of 4.9% (95% CI 3.2;6.1) in UTI hospitalizations. We observed two joinpoints, in 2010 and 2013, that found trends of 5.5% between 2000 and 2010 (95% CI 4.7;6.4), 1.5% between 2010 and 2013 (95% CI -6.0;9.6) and 6.8% between 2013 and 2015 (95% CI -0.3;14.4). Conclusions The urinary infection-related hospitalization rate in Spain doubled during the period 2000–2015. The highest hospitalization rates occurred in men, in the ≥85 years old age group, and in non-specified UTIs. There were increases in all types of urinary tract infection, with non-specified UTIs having the greatest growth. Understanding these changing trends can be useful for health planning.

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INCIDENCES OF CANDIDA ALBICANS AND NON-ALBICANS AMONG CATHETER-ASSOCIATED URINARY TRACT INFECTION PATIENTS OF AKOLA CITY

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i11.19769 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 115

Author(s):

Khandare Ln ◽

Barate Dl

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Candida Parapsilosis ◽

Opportunistic Infections ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Age Group ◽

Candida Spp ◽

Catheter Urine

Objective: Candida spp. is the third leading cause of catheter-related infections. Candida species is a part of human microflora and it becomes pathogenic when certain conditions are present and cause an opportunistic infections. The present study was undertaken to determine incidences of Candida albicans and non-albicans among catheterized urinary tract infection (UTI) patients of Akola city.Methods: A total 60 catheter urine samples were collected from patient of all the age group and both sex who had indwelling urinary catheter. The collected catheterized urine samples of patients from various hospitals of Akola city were used for isolation using HiCrome Candida differential agar.Results: It was found that highest frequency of isolation of Candida spp. was from age group 61-70 years. The predominance of male candidate was more than female having Candida spp. in catheter-associated UTI (C-UTI). Among the Candida spp. C. albicans (64.81%) was predominant over non-albicans spp. while in non-albicans Candida krusei and Candida glabrata were predominant showing 11.11% incidences. It was followed by Candida tropicalis (9.2%) and Candida parapsilosis (3.7%).Conclusion: The incidences of C. albicans and non-albicans were high among catheter-associated UTI patients.

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Association of Vesicoureteric Reflux (VUR) in Children with Symptomatic Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) - in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Bangladesh Journal of Child Health ◽

10.3329/bjch.v37i2.17264 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 79-84

Author(s):

Afroza Begum ◽

Habibur Rahman ◽

MM Hossain ◽

Golam Muinuddin ◽

Ranjit Ranjan Roy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Renal Scarring ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Vesicoureteric Reflux ◽

Pediatric Nephrology ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Age Group ◽

Micturating Cystourethrogram

Background: Vesicoureteric reflux is the most common urinary tract anomaly affecting the children which predisposes to higher rates of urinary tract infection and renal scarring than those without VUR. Objective: To find out the associations of VUR in children presented with UTI. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in 36 children aged 1 month to 16 years who were admitted due to UTI in the Pediatric Nephrology Department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) from July 2009 to June 2010. UTI were evaluated by urinalysis, culture and sensitivity test, ultrasonography of the urinary system with post-voidal residue and micturating cystourethrogram subsequently. Results: This study revealed that UTI were most frequent in boys (P<0.001). Maximum number 19(52.7%) of UTI cases were detected between 12 months -60 months age group of children. Highest number of bilateral hydronephrosis 7(71.43%) and VUR 12(63.15%) were also detected in the were detected in 2-23 months age group of children. Maximum number of 22/38 kidneys (57.90%) with refluxing units were detected between 12 months to 60 months (1-5 years) age group and out of this 16(72.72%) units are of severe grades. Conclusion: Children presented with UTI along with features of obstructive- uropathy must be investigated early and carefully for VUR to prevent recurrent UTI and renal damage. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v37i2.17264 BANGLADESH J CHILD HEALTH 2013; VOL 37 (2) : 79-84

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Pattern of urinary tract infection in Kashmir and antimicrobial susceptibility

Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin ◽

10.3329/bmrcb.v38i3.14330 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 79-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Age Group ◽

Esherichia Coli ◽

Causative Agents ◽

Microbiological Techniques ◽

Tract Infections

Antibiotic resistance of urinary tract pathogens has increased worldwide. The purpose of this study is to provide information regarding the causative agents of urinary tract infection in Kashmiri patients, identify the uropathogens responsible for the infection and study the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the uropathogens. Clean voided mid-stream urine samples were collected from 2190 patients. The specimens were cultured and the isolates were identified using standard microbiological techniques. The antibiotic susceptibilities of the isolates were also determined. Of 2190 specimens, 591 (27%) showed significant growth upon culture. Approximately 84.1 % (497/591) of the 591 patients with UTI were females, most of which belonged to the 21-30 age group (206). The males accounted for 15.9% (94/591) UTI cases. Most of the male patients belonged to the 21-30 age group (34). The lowest incidence of urinary tract infections was seen among the 13-20 years age group. Throughout this study males accounted for only 16% of all UTI cases. Esherichia coli was the most predominant isolate, 53.8% followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 22.4% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 7.6%. All isolates were fully sensitive to ofloxacin, and more than 94% were sensitive to cefuroxime. Apart from group D Streptococcus , the overall response to ampicillin by all isolates was less than 15%. The prevalence of multi-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in community-acquired urinary tract infections is increasing. All Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were fully susceptible to cefuroxime and ofloxacin. It is recommended that cefuroxime and ofloxacin or both are used in the blind treatment of urinary tract infection while awaiting the culture and sensitivity results. Concurrent with the necessary shift in the prescription pattern, attention should be paid to restriction of antibiotic abuse in the community to retard development of further drug resistance. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v38i3.14330 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2012; 38(3): 79-83 (December)

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PEDIATRIC UROLOGY

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.24.6.1118 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 1118-1122

Author(s):

Alexander J. Michie

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Urine Flow ◽

Pediatric Urology ◽

Age Group ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Residual Urine ◽

Prostatic Enlargement ◽

Pediatric Services

THE MAJORITY of the concern in pediatric urology is centered around infections and anomalies, the former occupying the greater portion of the practicing pediatrician's problem in this field. Therefore, discussion was aimed mainly at pyelonephritis, with queries on other facets of genito-urinary pathology being mentioned. A review of the literature reveals that pyelonephritis is the commonest cause of death in uremia. While it kills twice as many patients as glomerulonephritis, it occupies only about a third of the literature given to these two problems. The statistics of a number of widely accepted authorities reveals that of all the patients admitted to hospitals, 1% have a urinary tract infection and 5% of all patients treated by pediatric services have a urinary tract infection. Pyelonephritis is more common in the female than in the male in the ratio of 9:1. In the female it is more common in the years from 0-12 and from 25-70 years of age. Very few males have pyelonephritis except those with congenital anomalies, and in the older age group those with gonorrheal obstructions and prostatic enlargement. The manifestations of congenital obstructions to urine flow usually present themselves in the ages from 0-6 years. CAUSES OF PYELONEPHRITIS Natural Causes The Short Rrethra of the Female: In females under 8 or 9 years of age, the urethra is about 1 cm long and some females have such a short urethra that it is essentially only a urethral sphincter. In 10 females less than 10 years of age, all 10 had dye in their bladders, after they sat down and stood up 20 times in 6 inches of dyed water. What is not understood is why more females do not get infection, if this is the answer to more frequent infections in females than in males. Overdistention of the Bladder: Marked overdistention of the bladder causes vesicoureteral reflux. This condition is more common in adolescents who do not have enough social experience, i.e. those who would not feel free to excuse themselves from company in order to urinate. Involuntary Residual Urine: In the male patient who has severe paraphimosis and dysuria, an increase in residual urine is often found. Also following circumcision, the skin of the glans penis often exfoliates, leading to urethral meatal ulceration causing dysuria which is followed by a residual urine.

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Piloting a Quality Improvement Intervention for Urinary Catheter Removal to Reduce Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection in a Medical Intensive Care Unit

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1017/ice.2020.969 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. s352-s353

Author(s):

Dinh Thi Thu Huong ◽

Ha Quang Doan ◽

Phu Dinh Vu ◽

Nga Nguyen ◽

Vasquez Amber ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Quality Improvement ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Catheter ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Before And After ◽

Limited Compliance

Background: Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are among the most prevalent healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) globally, contributing to increased morbidity, prolonged hospital stays, and increased healthcare costs. Interventions that support prompt removal of the urinary catheter are evidence-based actions to effectively reduce CAUTI rates.1Objective: At the National Hospital of Tropical Disease (NHTD), catheter removal interventions in the intensive care unit (ICU) were implemented using quality improvement (QI) methodology to reduce CAUTI incidence and urinary catheter device utilization. Methods: Training was performed for ICU clinical staff with knowledge checks before and after the program. A bedside visual reminder of CAUTI risk and checklist to assess catheter need were implemented. Weekly compliance of provided visual reminders and checklists were measured using a simple audit tool. Device utilization ratios (DURs, ratios of device days to patient days), and CAUTI incidence rates (per 1,000 device days) were collected at baseline (July–September 2018) and quarterly thereafter until June 2019. Statistical significance was determined by an independent t test. Results: In the first quarter (October–December 2018), the CAUTI incidence rate decreased from 8.9 to 1.3 per 1,000 device days (P = .036). The ICU staff trained in CAUTI prevention, mean knowledge scores before and after training increased from 68% to 87%. The DUR decreased slightly from 0.59 to 0.55 after the first-quarter training then steadily increased in the following quarter (0.60; January–March 2019) and after the intervention (0.54; April–June 2019). CAUTI incidence rates also increased but were still lower than at baseline: 4.8 and 6.3 per 1,000 days of device use. Compliance of reminders was 51% during the first quarter, increased slightly in the second quarter 62%, then decreased to 40% during the last quarter. The nurses’ adherence to the daily checklist remained stable (>75%). Conclusions: This CAUTI prevention project was the first use of quality improvement methodology to implement change at NHTD. A trend decrease in CAUTI was observed, though a greater decrease occurred at the beginning of the intervention. Limited compliance of daily reminders is likely reflected in no statistically significant decrease in DUR. Possibly, this quality improvement project raised awareness among clinicians to improve general CAUTI prevention practices in the ICU without decreasing DUR. Given limited compliance with reminder and checklists, the intervention will be revised during the next PDSA cycle to improve adherence.1Meddings J, Rogers MA, Krein SL, Fakih MG, Olmsted RN, Saint S. Reducing unnecessary urinary catheter use and other strategies to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infection: an integrative review. BMJ Qual Saf 2014;23:277–289.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

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Long-term outcomes of urinary tract infection (UTI) in Childhood (LUCI): protocol for an electronic record-linked cohort study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024210 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. e024210 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fiona V Lugg-Widger ◽

Lianna Angel ◽

Rebecca Cannings-John ◽

Hywel Jones ◽

Mandy Lau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Hospital Admissions ◽

Systematic Sampling ◽

Advisory Group ◽

Data Set ◽

Urine Sampling

IntroductionCurrent guidelines advise the prompt diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children to improve both short and longer term outcomes. However, the risk of long-term complications following childhood UTI is unclear.UTI is relatively common but difficult to diagnose in children as symptoms are non-specific. Diagnosis requires a urine sample, but sampling is difficult and infrequent, and it is not clear if sampling should be given greater priority in primary care. The LUCI study will assess the short, medium and longer term outcomes of childhood UTI associated with routine and systematic sampling practices.Methods and analysisTwo data sets will be established. The first will consist of routinely collected data (hospital, general practice (GP), microbiology) from children born and resident in Wales, linked via the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank (an ‘e-cohort’). Urine sampling in this data set reflects normal practice ‘routine sampling’. Outcomes (including renal scarring, hypertension, end-stage renal failure, hospital admissions, GP consultations, antibiotic prescriptions) for children with at least one UTI confirmed with microbiological culture (mcUTI) or no mcUTI before the age of 5 will be compared.The second will combine data from two prospective observational studies (‘DUTY’ and ‘EURICA’) employing systematic urine sampling for children presenting to primary care with acute, undifferentiated illness, linked to routine data via SAIL (Wales) and NHS Digital (England). Outcomes (as above, plus features of mcUTI) for children with an mcUTI in this data set, identified through systematic urine sampling, will be compared with those with an mcUTI identified through routine urine sampling (data set 1).Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has been approved by NHS Wales Research Ethics Committee and the Health Research Authority’s Confidentiality Advisory Group. Methods of innovative study design and findings will be disseminated through peer-review journals and conferences. Results will be of interest to clinical and policy stakeholders in the UK.

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Study on urinary tract infection among females of reproductive age group in a rural area of Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20174274 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (10) ◽

pp. 3915 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Muthulakshmi M. ◽

Gopalakrishnan S.

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

P Value ◽

Age Group ◽

Group 15 ◽

Reproductive Age Group

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is defined as the presence of microbial pathogens in the urinary tract and women of the reproductive age group (15-44 years) are the most vulnerable population. UTIs are one of the most common bacterial infections seen in primary care. This study aims to estimate the prevalence rate of UTI among females of reproductive age group and to determine the association between socio demographic factors and prevalence of UTI.Methods: This is a cross sectional descriptive study carried out in the rural field practice area attached to a Medical college in Kancheepuram district. The study group were 250 women of reproductive age group (15-44 years). The data was collected using a structured interview schedule followed by collection of urine for microscopic examination and culture. Data was analysed using SPSS 15 software. Prevalence of UTI was calculated using percentages and strength of association was tested between socio-demographic characteristics and prevalence of UTI.Results: Prevalence of UTI among females of reproductive age group was found to be 20.4%. There was a strong statistical significant association between levels of education of the study subjects (Odds Ratio 18.11, p value <0.05), the socio economic status (Odds ratio 6.36, p value <0.05) and UTI.Conclusions: UTI is a serious public health problem if untreated. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment will prevent the chances of developing further complication of UTI and will help to reduce the sufferings of the patient, hospital stay and economic loss.

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An observational epidemiological study of febrile convulsion due to urinary tract infection

Journal of Nephropathology ◽

10.34172/jnp.2020.16 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. e16-e16

Author(s):

Mitra Naseri ◽

Eltham Bakhtiari ◽

Niayesh Tafazoli

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Febrile Convulsion ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Febrile Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Younger Age ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Epidemiologic Characteristics

Introduction: Febrile convulsion (FC) is the most common seizure disorder in childhood. Few studies focused on epidemiologic characteristics of urinary tract infections accompanied by FC. Objectives: To evaluate prevalence and incidence rates of FC among children with urinary tract infection. Patients and Methods: An observational study in epidemiology was performed in nephrology clinic of a tertiary children hospital from June 2002 to 2016. Totally 1242 cases were followed and those aged 6-60 months enrolled in the study. Demographic characteristics were compared between patients with and without FC. Results: 784 cases including 704 girls (89.8%) and 80 boys (10.2%) enrolled. Twenty-five patients (3.18%) presented with FC. FC occurred in 25 of 503 cases (5%) with febrile urinary tract infection. Twenty girls and 5 boys were in FC and 684 girls and 75 boys were in non-FC groups (P= 0.1). The average age in FC and non-FC groups were 15.52±8.4 and 25.16± 16 months respectively (P=0.004). Patients were divided into 2 age sub-groups: 6-24 and 26-60 months. A significantly higher number of cases in FC compared with non-FC group were in age subgroup of 6-24 months (P=0.028). Conclusion: Our study revealed a prevalence rate of 3.18% and an incidence rate of 5% for FC among children with urinary tract infection. Also FC subjects had a significantly younger age at presentation than non-FC cases. We found that FC as presentation of urinary tract infection occurred up to 3 years old, and there is no significant gender difference between FC and non-FC cases

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A retrospective study on prevalence, bacteriological profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of urinary tract infection in children of 2-12 years age in a tertiary care centre, Puducherry, India

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20193588 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 1818

Author(s):

Dharmalingam Angamuthu ◽

Chandru Bhaskar ◽

Nalini Aswathaman

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Age Group ◽

E Coli ◽

Sensitivity Pattern ◽

Female Predominance ◽

Culture Positive ◽

In Infants And Children

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common cause of acute bacterial illness in infants and children(1).Diagnosis is often missed in infants and children as urinary symptoms are minimal and nonspecific. It is becoming increasingly difficult to treat due to increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among organisms.Method: It was done as a retrospective cross sectional study conducted on Children of 2-12 years of age suspected to have UTI from January 2018 to December 2018 in Pediatric Department of AVMCH.Results: Out of 286 children with symptoms suggestive of Urinary tract infection, 22(7.7%) were found to have culture positive UTI with 9.2% prevalence in 2-6 years age group as against 6.4% in 7-12 years of age group. Culture positive UTI was predominantly found in males in 2-6 years age group as against female predominance in 7-12 years age group. E. coli (45.5%) was the commonest organism isolated among them followed by Klebsiella. 90% of organisms were sensitive to Nitrofurantoin and 80% were sensitive to Amikacin(80%).Discussion: Culture positive UTI rate varies with gender and age group. It was predominantly found in males in 2-6 years age group as against female predominance in 7-12 years age group. E. coli and Klebsieella were the most common organisms with predominant sensitivity to Nitrofurantoin and Amikacin similar to other studies. Limitation of this study Retrospective study, small sample size and follow up for complications not done.Conclusion: This study concludes E. coli and Klebsieella were the most common organisms with predominant sensitivity to Nitrofurantoin and Amikacin. Antibiotics need to be selected based on organisms and their sensitivity pattern.

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Etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in children with community acquired urinary tract infection

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20212037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 993

Author(s):

Sandeep N. Wathore ◽

Poonam Wade

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Urine Sample ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

Maximum Sensitivity ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Common Disease ◽

Age Group ◽

Female Ratio

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is represented as one of the most common disease encountered in medical practice today, occurring from neonate to geriatric age group. It is an important cause of morbidity in children and affects up to 10% of the childhood population.Methods: After properly cleaning ano-genital area, in infants and young children up to 3 years of age, urine sample was collected in proper aseptic way. Midstream urine sample were collected from children older than 3 years in a sterile container. Isolation of bacteria was done on blood agar and MacConkey agar using semi quantitative methods. Antibiotic sensitivity test was carried out by disc diffusion method using Mueller-Hinton (MH) agar.Results: Over a study period of eighteen months, one hundred eighty diagnosed cases of culture positive UTI were recruited in our study. It was found that UTI was more commonly seen in females than males with male to female ratio of 0.8:1. It was more commonly seen in children with age group from one month to one year of age and least commonly seen in children’s above 4 years of age. Most commonly isolated microorganism on urine culture was Escherichia Coli (86.7%), followed by Klebsiella pneumonae (11.7%). Maximum sensitivity was to nitrofurantoin (95%) as oral antibiotics and to meropenem (97.8%) for intravenous use. Ampicillin and cefotaxime were the least sensitive antibiotics.Conclusions: E. coli was the most common uropathogen for UTI. Nitrofurantoin and meropenam were the antibiotics with maximum sensitivity.

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