scholarly journals Suitable nitrogen application mode and lateral spacing for drip-irrigated winter wheat in North China Plain

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0260008
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zain ◽  
Zhuanyun Si ◽  
Jinsai Chen ◽  
Faisal Mehmood ◽  
Shafeeq Ur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Application Mode

To propose an appropriate nitrogen application mode and suitable drip irrigation lateral spacing, a field experiment was conducted during 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 growing seasons to quantify the different drip irrigation lateral spacings and nitrogen fertigation strategies effects on winter wheat growth, yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) in the North China Plain (NCP). The experiment consisted of three drip irrigation lateral spacing (LS) (40, 60, and 80 cm, referred to as D40, D60, and D80 respectively) and three percentage splits of nitrogen application modes (NAM) (basal and top dressing application ratio as 50:50 (N50:50), 25:75 (N25:75), and 0:100 (N0-100) respectively). The experimental findings depicted that yield and its components, and WUE were markedly affected by LS and NAM. Fertigation of winter wheat at N25:75 NAM notably (P<0.05) increased the grain yield by 4.88%, 1.83% and 8.03%, 4.61%, and WUE by 3.10%, 3.18% and 5.37%, 7.82%, compared with those at NAM N50:50 and N0:100 in 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 growing seasons, respectively. LS D40 appeared very fruitful in terms of soil moisture and nitrogen distribution, WUE, grain yield, and yield components than that of other LS levels. The maximum grain yield (8.73 and 9.40 t ha-1) and WUE (1.70 and 1.95 kg m-3) were obtained under D40N25:75 during both growing seasons, which mainly due to that all main yield components in D40N25:75 treatment, such as spikes per unit area, 1000-grain weight, and grains per spike were significantly higher as compared to other treatments. The outcomes of this research may provide a scientific basis of lateral spacing and nitrogen fertigation management for the production of drip-irrigated winter wheat in NCP.

Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Root-Shoot Development and Grain Yield of Winter Wheat

2014 ◽  
Vol 936 ◽  
pp. 2389-2395
Author(s):  
Bin Hu ◽  
Min Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Growing Seasons

In order to investigate the optimal water-saving and high-efficient irrigation patterns of winter wheat in North China Plain, during 2010－2011 and 2011－2012 winter wheat growing seasons, 3 irrigation treatments were conducted, i.e., irrigated 120 mm only at jointing stage (T1), irrigated 120 mm only at heading stages (T2), and irrigated 60 mm each at jointing and heading stages (T3), respectively, to study the effect of deficit irrigation on root-shoot development and grain yield of winter wheat in North China Plain. The results showed that under the condition of irrigated 120 mm during the winter wheat growing season, the treatment which irrigated 60 mm each at jointing and heading stages, the leaf area index significantly (LSD, P<0.05) increased at milky stage, which was mainly due to increase the leaf area index at 0－20 and more than 60 cm above the ground surface. The 2 growing season results revealed that dry matter accumulation at maturity stage in T3 was significantly (LSD, P<0.05) higher than those in T1 and T2. Compared with T2, the root length density in T1 and T3 were significantly (LSD, P<0.05) higher below the ground surface 50 cm. The results indicated that irrigated 60 mm each at jointing and heading stages during the winter wheat growing seasons, grain yield was the highest, which could be attributed to significantly (LSD, P<0.05) increase the spike numbers. Under the condition of irrigated 120 mm during the winter wheat growing seasons in North China Plain, it is suggests that winter wheat should be irrigated 60 mm each at jointing and heading stages, to achieve reasonable water use efficiency and grain yield.

scholarly journals Impacts of Irrigation Managements on Soil CO2 Emission and Soil CH4 Uptake of Winter Wheat Field in the North China Plain

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2052
Author(s):  
Faisal Mehmood ◽  
Guangshuai Wang ◽  
Yang Gao ◽  
Yueping Liang ◽  
Muhammad Zain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
The North ◽  
The North China Plain ◽  
Ch4 Uptake

The North China Plain is an important irrigated agricultural area in China. However, the effects of irrigation management on carbon emission are not well documented in this region. Due to the uneven seasonal distribution of rainfall, irrigation is mainly concentrated in the winter wheat growing season in the North China Plain. In this study, we estimated CO2 emission and soil CH4 uptake from winter wheat fields with different irrigation methods and scheduling treatments using the static chamber-gas chromatography method from April to May 2017 and 2018. Treatments included three irrigation methods (surface drip, sprinkler, and border) and three irrigation scheduling levels that initiated as soon as the soil moisture drained to 50%, 60%, and 70% of the field capacity for a 0–100 cm soil profile were tested. The results showed that both the irrigation methods and scheduling significantly influenced (p < 0.05) the cumulative CO2 and CH4 emission, grain yield, global warming potential (GWP), GWP Intensity (GWPI), GWPI per unit irrigation applied, and water use efficiency (WUE). Compared to 60% and 70% FC, 50% FC irrigation scheduling de-creased accumulated CH4 uptake 26.8–30.3% and 17.8–25.4%, and reduced accumulated CO2 emissions 7.0–15.3% and 12.6–19.4%, respectively. Conversely, 50% FC reduced GWP 6.5–13.3% and 12.5–19.4% and lower grain yield 10.4–19.7% and 8.5–16.6% compared to 60% and 70% FC irrigation scheduling in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Compared to sprinkler irrigation and border irrigation, drip irrigation at 60% FC increased the accumulated CH4 uptake 11.3–12.1% and 1.9–5.5%, while reduced the accumulated CO2 emissions from 7.5–8.8% and 10.1–12.1% in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Moreover, drip irrigation at 60% FC increased grain yield 5.2–7.5% and 6.3–6.8%, WUE 0.9–5.4% and 5.7–7.4%, and lowered GWP 8.0–9.8% and 10.1–12.0% compared to sprinkler and border irrigation in 2017 and 2018, respectively. The interaction of irrigation scheduling and irrigation methods significantly impacted accumulated CH4 uptake, cumulative CO2 amount, and GWP in 2018 only while grain yield and WUE in the entire study. Overall, drip irrigation at 60% FC is the optimal choice in terms of higher grain yield, WUE, and mitigating GWP and GWPI from winter wheat fields in North China Plain.

scholarly journals The Coupled Effects of Irrigation Scheduling and Nitrogen Fertilization Mode on Growth, Yield and Water Use Efficiency in Drip-Irrigated Winter Wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2742
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zain ◽  
Zhuanyun Si ◽  
Sen Li ◽  
Yang Gao ◽  
Faisal Mehmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Use Efficiency

Sound irrigation and nitrogen management strategies are necessary to achieve sustainable yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat in the North China Plain (NCP). The coupled effects of irrigation scheduling and the nitrogen application mode (NAM) on winter wheat growth, yield and water use efficiency under drip irrigation were evaluated with a two-year field experiment, which consisted of three irrigation scheduling levels (ISLs) (irrigating when soil water consumption (SWC) reached 20, 35 and 50 mm, referred as I20, I35 and I50, respectively) and three nitrogen application modes (NAMs) (ratio of basal application and topdressing as 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100, referred as N50:50, N25:75 and N0:100, respectively). The experimental results showed that irrigating winter wheat at ISL I35 substantially (p < 0.05) improved the grain yield by 15.89%, 3.32% and 14.82%, 4.31% and water use efficiency (WUE) by 5.23%, 16.03% and 5.26%, 12.36%, compared with those at ISL I20 and I50 in 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 growing seasons, respectively. NAM N25:75 appeared very beneficial in terms of grain yield, yield components and WUE as compared to other NAM levels. The maximum grain yield (8.62 and 9.40 t ha−1) and water use efficiency (1.88 and 2.09 kg m−3) were achieved in treatment I35N25:75 in two growing seasons over those in other treatments. The results in this study may deliver a scientific basis for irrigation and nitrogen fertilization management of the drip-irrigated winter wheat production in the NCP.

scholarly journals Rattail fescue (Vulpia myuros) interference and seed production as affected by sowing time and crop density in winter wheat

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Muhammad Javaid Akhter ◽  
Per Kudsk ◽  
Solvejg Kopp Mathiassen ◽  
Bo Melander
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Field experiments were conducted in the growing seasons of 2017 to 2018 and 2018 to 2019 to evaluate the competitive effects of rattail fescue [Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C. Gmel.] in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and to assess whether delayed crop sowing and increased crop density influence the emergence, competitiveness, and fecundity of V. myuros. Cumulative emergence showed the potential of V. myuros to emerge rapidly and under a wide range of climatic conditions with no effect of crop density and variable effects of sowing time between the two experiments. Grain yield and yield components were negatively affected by increasing V. myuros density. The relationship between grain yield and V. myuros density was not influenced by sowing time or by crop density, but crop–weed competition was strongly influenced by growing conditions. Due to very different weather conditions, grain yield reductions were lower in the growing season of 2017 to 2018 than in 2018 to 2019, with maximum grain yield losses of 22% and 50% in the two growing seasons, respectively. The yield components, number of crop ears per square meter, and 1,000-kernel weight were affected almost equally, reflecting that V. myuros’s competition with winter wheat occurred both early and late in the growing season. Seed production of V. myuros was suppressed by delaying sowing and increasing crop density. The impacts of delayed sowing and increasing crop density on seed production of V. myuros highlight the potential of these cultural weed control tactics in the long-term management programs of this species.

Improving water use efficiency and grain yield of winter wheat by optimizing irrigations in the North China Plain

2018 ◽  
Vol 221 ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuexin Xu ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Jinpeng Li ◽  
Zuqiang Liu ◽  
Zhigan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
The North ◽  
The North China Plain ◽  
Use Efficiency

Study of the relationship between field lodging and stem quality traits of winter wheat in the north China plain

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-Wei Feng ◽  
Zhen-Gang Ru ◽  
Wei-Hua Ding ◽  
Tie-Zhu Hu ◽  
Gan Li
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
The North ◽  
The North China Plain ◽  
Stem Quality

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in the North China Plain (NCP) is threatened by wheat lodging. Therefore, enhancing plant lodging resistance by improving stem quality traits is crucial to maintaining high stable yields of winter wheat. A consecutive 7-year field experiment was conducted to study the effects of stem traits on lodging resistance and the yield of four winter wheat cultivars (Bainong 418, Aikang 58, Wenmai 6 and Zhoumai 18). The results indicated that rainfall is often accompanied by strong winds that can cause lodging in the field. Stalk bending strength and wall thickness of the second internode showed significant negative correlations with lodging index, and a higher lodging index indicated increased lodging risk, which, in turn, could seriously affect the grain yield of wheat. Significant regression relationships were observed between lodging index and population lodging resistance strength, as measured using a crop lodging resistance electronic measuring device. Statistical analysis revealed that yield components and the grain yield of Bainong 418 were higher than those of the other cultivars; there was no significant difference between Bainong 418 and Aikang 58 in lodging index, stalk bending strength or single-stalk and population lodging resistance strengths at anthesis and the middle filling stages, but the mean plant height of Bainong 418 was significantly higher than that of Aikang 58. These results provide a new and reliable method for assessing lodging resistance capacity and indicate that greater lodging resistance, as determined by simultaneously considering plant height and basal stem strength, is an important way to achieve high, stable yield in winter wheat.

scholarly journals Crop production kept stable and sustainable with the decrease of nitrogen rate in North China Plain: An economic and environmental assessment over 8 years

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Liu ◽  
Ningning Yu ◽  
James J. Camberato ◽  
Jia Gao ◽  
Peng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Summer Maize ◽  
Nitrogen Rate

AbstractIn pursuit of maximum grain yield farmers in the North China Plain usually apply excessive N fertilizer, resulting in wasted resources and environmental pollution. To assess the economic and environmental performances of different nitrogen rates will be conductive to sustain cleaner crop production. An 8-year field experiment was carried out with four treatments, N0 (0 kg ha−1 for winter wheat and summer maize), N1 (168 kg ha−1 for winter wheat and 129 kg ha−1 for summer maize), N2 (240 kg ha−1 for winter wheat and 185 kg ha−1 for summer maize) and N3 (300 kg ha−1 for winter wheat and summer maize), on the double cropping at Dawenkou research field (36°11’N, 117°06’E), Shandong Province, China. The crop production, soil physical-chemical parameters, and greenhouse gas emission are measured and the economic and environmental performances are assessed. The optimal nitrogen rate obtained the highest grain yield of summer maize in 4 of 8 year and was equivalent to conventional N rate in the other years. The nitrogen partial factor productivity and agronomic efficiency of optimal nitrogen rate was 63% and 58% higher than that of conventional nitrogen rate. The optimal nitrogen rate effectively decreased soil bulk density and increased weight percentage of water-stable aggregate and activities of urease and invertase compared to conventional nitrogen rate, which improved soil productivity. The fertilizer nitrogen loss and global warming potential of optimal nitrogen rate reduced by 76% and 35% compared to conventional nitrogen rate. The annual greenhouse gas intensity of optimal nitrogen rate decreased by 14–35% compared to others. The net ecosystem economic budget under optimal nitrogen rate is 252–604 $ ha−1 yr.−1 higher than other addition levels. The optimal nitrogen rate produces more grains and obtains higher economic and environmental benefits.

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