scholarly journals Employment outcomes and experiences of people with seeing disability in Canada: An analysis of the Canadian Survey on Disability 2017

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0260160
Author(s):  
Shikha Gupta ◽  
Mahadeo Sukhai ◽  
Walter Wittich
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Related Condition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individuals With Disabilities ◽  
Statistics Canada ◽  
Canadian Survey

Background Many individuals with disabilities face barriers to meaningful employment. Legislation has been put in place to ensure employment equity for individuals with disabilities in Canada. However, little is known about the employment profile and experiences of people with seeing disabilities. Objectives The objectives of our research study were to explore the employment rates of people with seeing disabilities in Canada, the factors associated with being employed, and supports and barriers that affect their work participation. Methods We used the nationally representative data from the Canadian Survey on Disability (CSD) 2017, collected by Statistics Canada. The CSD is a national cross-sectional survey of Canadians 15 years of age and above who face a functional limitation due to a health-related condition, representing more than 6 million (n = 6,246,640) Canadians. Our analyses focused on people who reported having a seeing disability. A subset of the complete dataset was created, focusing on individuals with a seeing disability. Weighted descriptive analyses were performed using SPSS. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted for individuals between 25–64 years of age to identify predictors of employment. Results Out of the estimated 892,220 working-age adults (25–64 years) with a seeing disability who were represented by the survey, 54% were employed, 6% were unemployed and 40% were not in the labour force. Early onset of seeing disability (OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.32–1.35), less severe seeing disability (OR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.49–1.53), education above high school (OR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.97–2.02) and daily use of the internet (OR: 2.46; 95% CI: 2.41–2.51) were positively related with employment. The top three employment accommodations that were needed and were made available included: modified work hours (45%); work from home (38.5%) and a modified workstation (37%). The top three needed but least available accommodations were technical aids (14%), communication aids (22%) and a computer with specialized software or adaptation (27%). Overall, 26% reported that an accommodation was required but was not made available by the employer. While 75% of individuals with a seeing disability were out of the labour force due to their condition, the remaining identified barriers that prevented them from working which included (top 3): (i) too few jobs available (20%); (ii) inadequate training/experience (19%), (iii) past attempts at finding employment were unsuccessful (19%). Conclusion Adults with seeing disability in Canada experience lower labour force participation than the general population. Rigorous programs are required to assist them with the job search, job retraining and workplace accommodations. It is important for governments to improve efforts towards inclusive education and develop strategies that promote digital literacy of employees and job seekers with visual impairments. Although accessibility legislations have been put in place, programs should be established that provide accessibility solutions for various employers, enabling them to hire individuals with different abilities.

scholarly journals Incidence of outbreak-associated COVID-19 cases by industry in Ontario, Canada, April 1, 2020- March 31, 2021

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A Buchan ◽  
Peter M Smith ◽  
Christine Warren ◽  
Michelle Murti ◽  
Cameron Mustard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
American Industry ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Statistics Canada

Objectives The objective of our study was to estimate the rate of workplace outbreak-associated cases of COVID-19 by industry in labour market participants aged 15-69 years who reported working the majority of hours outside the home in Ontario, Canada. Methods We conducted a population based cross-sectional study of COVID-19 workplace outbreaks and associated-cases reported in Ontario between April 1, 2020 and March 31, 2021. All outbreaks were manually classified into two digit North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes. We obtained denominator data from the Statistics Canada Labour Force Survey in order to estimate the incidence of outbreak-associated cases per 100,000,000 hours amongst individuals who reported the majority of hours were worked outside the home. We performed this analysis across industries and in three distinct time periods. Results Overall, 12% of cases were attributed to workplace outbreaks among working age adults across our study period. While incidence varied across the time periods, the five industries with the highest incidence rates across our study period were agriculture; healthcare and social assistance; food manufacturing; educational services; and, transportation and warehousing. Conclusions Certain industries have consistently increased incidence of COVID-19 over the course of the pandemic. These results may assist in ongoing efforts to reduce transmission of COVID-19, by prioritizing resources, as well as industry-specific guidance, vaccination, and public health messaging.

scholarly journals Incidence of outbreak-associated COVID-19 cases by industry in Ontario, Canada, 1 April 2020–31 March 2021

2022 ◽  
pp. oemed-2021-107879
Author(s):  
Sarah A Buchan ◽  
Peter M Smith ◽  
Christine Warren ◽  
Michelle Murti ◽  
Cameron Mustard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
American Industry ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Statistics Canada

ObjectivesThe objective of our study was to estimate the rate of workplace outbreak-associated cases of COVID-19 by industry in labour market participants aged 15–69 years who reported working the majority of hours outside the home in Ontario, Canada.MethodsWe conducted a population-based cross-sectional study of COVID-19 workplace outbreaks and associated cases reported in Ontario between 1 April 2020 and 31 March 2021. All outbreaks were manually classified into two-digit North American Industry Classification System codes. We obtained monthly denominator estimates from the Statistics Canada Labour Force Survey to estimate the incidence of outbreak-associated cases per 100 000 000 hours among individuals who reported the majority of hours were worked outside the home. We performed this analysis across industries and in three distinct time periods.ResultsOverall, 12% of cases were attributed to workplace outbreaks among working-age adults across our study period. While incidence varied across the time periods, the five industries with the highest incidence rates across our study period were agriculture, healthcare and social assistance, food manufacturing, educational services, and transportation and warehousing.ConclusionsCertain industries have consistently increased the incidence of COVID-19 over the course of the pandemic. These results may assist in ongoing efforts to reduce transmission of COVID-19 by prioritising resources, as well as industry-specific guidance, vaccination and public health messaging.

scholarly journals Emerging issues in the life cycle perspective in the context of population peaking

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Alain Bélanger
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skill Levels ◽  
Dependency Ratios ◽  
Life Cycle Perspective ◽  
Cycle De Vie ◽  
Emerging Issues

This paper proposes a theoretical examination of how taking a life cycle perspective can provide a better assessment of Canadian public policies in the context of population peaking. It links the changing life cycle patterns brought by the increase in the age of entry into the different phases of life and the increase in life expectancy to emerging issues related to population peaking such as the recruitment and the aging of immigrants or the future labour demand and supply by broad skill levels. Although most of the paper is theoretical in nature, a short section of it takes an empirical look and contrasts cross-sectional and life cycle estimates of economic dependency ratios for Canadian-born and foreign-born. These estimates are obtained from a dynamic microsimulation model of the Canadian population (LSD-C) that takes into account, among other things, differentials in labour force participation or educational attainment between population groups. The article concludes with suggestions on the most important data gaps that need to be filled to better inform policymaking processes.Ce papier propose un examen théorique de comment la prise en compte d'une perspective de cycle de vie peut fournir une meilleure évaluation des politiques publiques canadiennes dans le contexte d’une population atteignant un niveau maximal. Il lie les changements engendrés par l'augmentation de l'âge aux transitions entre les différentes phases du cycle de vie et par l'augmentation de l'espérance de vie aux questions émergentes liées à la population atteignant un niveau maximal. Par exemple, on y retrouve une discussion des implications en ce qui concerne le recrutement et le vieillissement des immigrants ou encore l'offre et la demande future de travail selon le niveau de compétence. Bien que la majeure partie de l’article prenne un caractère théorique, une courte section plus empirique présente une estimation des rapports de dépendance économiques pour les Canadiens de naissance et les Canadiens nés à l'étranger, contrastant les évaluations transversales et longitudinales. Ces évaluations sont obtenues à l’aide d'un modèle de microsimulation dynamique de la population canadienne (LSD-C) qui prend en compte, entre autres, les différences entre les groupes de populations au niveau de l’activité sur le marché du travail ou au niveau de la scolarité. L'article conclut avec des suggestions sur les principales lacunes de données qui devraient être comblées afin de mieux informer des politiques.

scholarly journals Awareness, knowledge and attitudes towards cardiopulmonary resuscitation among people with and without heart disease relatives in South China: a cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e041245
Author(s):  
Yun Teng ◽  
Yunxuan Li ◽  
Liya Xu ◽  
Fanyu Chen ◽  
Hailiu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
South China ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Cpr Training ◽  
And Training

ObjectivesTo assess the awareness, knowledge and attitudes towards cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) among relatives of people with and without heart disease and their influence in South China.DesignThis is a cross-sectional survey. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the demographic factors associated with CPR training, learning and knowledge.SettingThe study was conducted in two hospitals, the largest cardiovascular institute and the largest eye care centre in South China.ParticipantsHealthy individuals who accompanied their relatives with heart disease to the outpatient department of cardiovascular disease and systemically healthy patients who came for regular ophthalmic examination and had no relatives with heart disease were consecutively recruited for the study. A total of 1644 respondents with heart disease relatives and 813 respondents without heart disease relatives completed the survey.ResultsThirty three per cent of respondents never heard of CPR and only 11% had received CPR training. Factors associated with a higher rate of CPR training were higher level of education and income (p<0.001). Most respondents stated that CPR training was necessary and would like to learn CPR. However, only one-third considered it beneficial to perform CPR as a layperson. In addition, healthcare respondents (p<0.001), younger (p<0.05) and more educated respondents (p<0.001) earned higher scores on the knowledge of CPR skills. Only 5.3% had perfect scores on a CPR skills test. Notably, respondents with relatives suffering from heart disease had significantly less training experience and CPR knowledge than those without (p<0.001).ConclusionsAlthough the attitudes towards learning CPR are very positive, there was a lack of knowledge on this topic among the general public. This study demonstrates an urgent need to boost awareness and training in CPR in South China, especially among people whose relatives have heart disease.

scholarly journals Revisiting the Impacts on Human Capital and Labour Force Participation with Transitory Remittances

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Jaime Lara Lara
Keyword(s):  
School Attendance ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The Past ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
The Impact

Remittances can occur on a transitory basis due to motives related to insurance and investment; therefore, studies using cross-sectional information can omit populations that have received remittances in the past. This paper examines the impact of this omission in the case of Mexico. The proportion of the population living in households receiving remittances increases by almost a factor of two when we consider past periods. This additional population includes relatively more urban residents with higher socio-economic status and households with male household heads. However, when estimating the impact of remittances in labour force participation and school attendance, there is no difference when using an estimate defining the group of households receiving remittances similarly to studies using cross-sectional data in previous literature.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Awareness and Attitude Related to First Aid among Iium Kuantan Campus Students

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumaiyah Jamaludin @ Thandar Soe ◽  
Muhammad Allif Bin Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
P Value ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Aid Training ◽  
Students First

Introduction: Accidental injuries are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Approximately 1.25 million lives are cut short because of road traffic accident every year. As the incidences of emergencies is steadily increasing in recent years, it is important to ensure that individuals are adequately trained to deal with such events including university students. First aid is given to preserve life and minimize the consequences of injury and illness until help is obtained from health care practitioners. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge, awareness and attitude related to first aid among IIUM Kuantan campus students. Materials and method: A quantitative cross-sectional survey with stratified random sampling was conducted among 348 IIUM Kuantan undergraduate students who met the study inclusion criteria. Data were collected by using the self-administered questionnaire which was adapted from Hong Kong Red Cross. Results: A total of 316 participants had positive awareness and attitude towards first aid knowledge. Nevertheless, 149 participants had moderate level of first aid knowledge. There were significant associations (p value of 0.05) between gender, faculty, year of study, and first aid training experience and their level of first aid knowledge. However, 55.4% of study participants did not have experience in taking first aid course and they have little knowledge on first aid. Conclusion: Although the majority of participants had positive awareness and attitude towards first aid, their knowledge and experience in taking first aid course were unsatisfactory. Therefore, there is a need of proper and regular educational programs to raise awareness in the student community about the importance of first aid.

scholarly journals Quantifying the effect of early retirement on the wealth of individuals with depression or other mental illness

2011 ◽  
Vol 198 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah J. Schofield ◽  
Rupendra N. Shrestha ◽  
Richard Percival ◽  
Simon J. Kelly ◽  
Megan E. Passey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Chronic Health Condition ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Microsimulation Model ◽  
Home Equity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundIn addition to the health burden caused by mental illnesses, these conditions contribute to economic disadvantage because of their impact on labour force participation.AimsTo quantify the cost of lost savings and wealth to Australians aged 45–64 who retire from the labour force early because of depression or other mental illness.MethodCross-sectional analysis of the base population of Health&WealthMOD, a microsimulation model built on data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics' Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers and STINMOD, an income and savings microsimulation model.ResultsPeople who are not part of the labour force because of depression or other mental illness have 78% (95% CI 92.2–37.1) and 93% (95% CI 98.4–70.5) less wealth accumulated respectively, compared with people of the same age, gender and education who are in the labour force with no chronic health condition. People who are out of the labour force as a result of depression or other mental illness are also more likely to have the wealth that they do have in cash assets, rather than higher-growth assets such as superannuation, home equity and other financial investments.ConclusionsThis lower accumulated wealth is likely to result in lower living standards for these individuals in the future. This will compound the impact of their condition on their health and quality of life, and put a large financial burden on the state as a result of the need to provide financial assistance for these individuals.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on training of pharmacy residents and fellows: Results from a national survey of postgraduate pharmacy trainees

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Justin Moore ◽  
Andrew Webb ◽  
Taylor Morrisette ◽  
Louisa K Sullivan ◽  
Sara Alosaimy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Quality Of Experience ◽  
The United States ◽  
Direct Patient Care ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Impacts ◽  
Minor Improvement

Abstract Purpose The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted the activities of healthcare workers, including postgraduate pharmacy trainees. Quality training experiences must be maintained to produce competent pharmacy practitioners and maintain program standards. Methods A cross-sectional survey of postgraduate pharmacy trainees in the United States was conducted to evaluate training experience changes and assess perceived impacts on residents and fellows following the COVID-19 pandemic’s onset. Results From June 4 through June 22, 2020, 511 pharmacy trainees in 46 states completed the survey. Participants’ median age was 26 (interquartile range [IQR], 25-28) years, with included responses from postgraduate year 1 residents (54% of sample), postgraduate year 2 residents (40%), and postgraduate fellows (6%). Compared to experiences prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, fewer trainees conducted direct patient care (38.5% vs 91.4%, P &lt; 0.001), more worked from home (31.7% vs 1.6%, P &lt; 0.001), and less time was spent with preceptors per day (2 [IQR, 2-6] hours vs 4 [IQR, 1-4] hours, P &lt; 0.001). Sixty-five percent of respondents reported experiencing changes in their training program, 39% reported being asked to work in areas outside of their routine training experience, and 89% stated their training shifted to focus on COVID-19 to some degree. Most respondents perceived either major (9.6%) or minor (52.0%) worsening in quality of experience, with major and minor improvement in quality of experience reported by 5.5% and 8.4% of respondents, respectively. Conclusion Pharmacy resident/fellow experiences were perceived to have been extensively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic in varying ways. Our findings describe shifts in postgraduate training and may aid in the development of best practices for optimizing trainee experiences in future crises.

Adequacy of food spending is related to housing expenditures among lower-income Canadian households

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1464-1473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon I Kirkpatrick ◽  
Valerie Tarasuk
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Housing Affordability ◽  
Housing Subsidy ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Expenditures ◽  
Housing Costs ◽  
Statistics Canada ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectivesA number of studies have pointed to the pressure that housing costs can exert on the resources available for food. The objectives of the present study were to characterise the relationship between the proportion of income absorbed by housing and the adequacy of household food expenditures across the Canadian population and within income quintiles; and to elucidate the impact of receipt of a housing subsidy on adequacy of food expenditures among low-income tenant households.DesignThe 2001 Survey of Household Spending, conducted by Statistics Canada, was a national cross-sectional survey that collected detailed information on expenditures on goods and services. The adequacy of food spending was assessed in relation to the cost of a basic nutritious diet.SettingCanada.SubjectsThe person with primary responsibility for financial maintenance from 15 535 households from all provinces and territories.ResultsAs the proportion of income allocated to housing increased, food spending adequacy declined significantly among households in the three lowest income quintiles. After accounting for household income and composition, receipt of a housing subsidy was associated with an improvement in adequacy of food spending among low-income tenant households, but still mean food spending fell below the cost of a basic nutritious diet even among subsidised households.ConclusionsThis study indicates that housing costs compromise the food access of some low-income households and speaks to the need to re-examine policies related to housing affordability and income adequacy.

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