scholarly journals Effects of weather and moon phases on emergency medical use after fall injury: A population-based nationwide study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261071
Author(s):  
Min Ah Yuh ◽  
Kisung Kim ◽  
Seon Hee Woo ◽  
Sikyoung Jeong ◽  
Juseok Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Full Moon ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Moon Phases ◽  
Ed Visits

Background Previous studies reported that changes in weather and phases of moon are associated with medical emergencies and injuries. However, such studies were limited to hospital or community level without explaining the combined effects of weather and moon phases. We investigated whether changes in weather and moon phases affected emergency department (ED) visits due to fall injuries (FIs) based on nationwide emergency patient registry data. Methods Nationwide daily data of ED visits after FI were collected from 11 provinces (7 metropolitan cities and 4 rural provinces) in Korea between January 2014 and December 2018. The daily number of FIs was standardized into FI per million population (FPP) in each province. A multivariate regression analysis was conducted to elucidate the relationship between weather factors and moon phases with respect to daily FPP in each province. The correlation between weather factors and FI severity was also analyzed. Results The study analyzed 666,912 patients (418,135 in metropolitan and 248,777 in rural areas) who visited EDs on weekdays. No regional difference was found in age or gender distribution between the two areas. Precipitation, minimum temperature and wind speed showed a significant association with FI in metropolitan areas. In addition, sunshine duration was also substantial risk factors for FI in rural areas. The incidence of FIs was increased on full moon days than on other days in rural areas. Injury severity was associated with weather factors such as minimum temperature, wind speed, and cloud cover. Conclusion Weather changes such as precipitation, minimum temperature, and wind speed are associated with FI in metropolitan and rural areas. In addition, sunshine duration and full moon are significantly associated with FI incidence only in rural areas. Weather factors are associated with FI severity.

scholarly journals Meteorological Factors Affecting Pan Evaporation in the Haihe River Basin, China

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihong Yan ◽  
Shuqian Wang ◽  
Ding Ma ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Hong Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Haihe River Basin ◽  
Pan Evaporation ◽  
Haihe River ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
The Haihe River Basin

Pan evaporation (Epan) is an important indicator of regional evaporation intensity and degree of drought. However, although more evaporation is expected under rising temperatures, the reverse trend has been observed in many parts of the world, known as the “pan evaporation paradox”. In this paper, the Haihe River Basin (HRB) is divided into six sub-regions using the Canopy and k-means (The process for partitioning an N-dimensional population into k sets on the basis of a sample is called “k-means”) to cluster 44 meteorological stations in the area. The interannual and seasonal trends and the significance of eight meteorological indicators, including average temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, sunshine duration, wind speed, and Epan, were analyzed for 1961 to 2010 using the trend-free pre-whitening Mann-Kendall (TFPW-MK) test. Then, the correlation between meteorological elements and Epan was analyzed using the Spearman correlation coefficient. Results show that the average temperature, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature of the HRB increased, while precipitation, relative humidity, sunshine duration, wind speed and Epan exhibited a downward trend. The minimum temperature rose 2 and 1.5 times faster than the maximum temperature and average temperature, respectively. A significant reduction in sunshine duration was found to be the primary factor in the Epan decrease, while declining wind speed was the secondary factor.

scholarly journals Weather Factors Associated with Reduced Risk of Dengue Transmission in an Urbanized Tropical City

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 339
Author(s):  
Hao Gui ◽  
Sylvia Gwee ◽  
Jiayun Koh ◽  
Junxiong Pang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Arima Model ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Dengue Transmission ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
The Impact

This study assessed the impact of weather factors, including novel predictors—pollutant standards index (PSI) and wind speed—on dengue incidence in Singapore between 2012 and 2019. Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was fitted to explore the autocorrelation in time series and quasi-Poisson model with a distributed lag non-linear term (DLNM) was set up to assess any non-linear association between climatic factors and dengue incidence. In DLNM, a PSI level of up to 111 was positively associated with dengue incidence; incidence reduced as PSI level increased to 160. A slight rainfall increase of up to 7 mm per week gave rise to higher dengue risk. On the contrary, heavier rainfall was protective against dengue. An increase in mean temperature under around 28.0 °C corresponded with increased dengue cases whereas the association became negative beyond 28.0 °C; the minimum temperature was significantly positively associated with dengue incidence at around 23–25 °C, and the relationship reversed when temperature exceed 27 °C. An overall positive association, albeit insignificant, was observed between maximum temperature and dengue incidence. Wind speed was associated with decreasing relative risk (RR). Beyond prevailing conclusions on temperature, this study observed that extremely poor air quality, high wind speed, minimum temperature ≥27 °C, and rainfall volume beyond 12 mm per week reduced the risk of dengue transmission in an urbanized tropical environment.

scholarly journals The ground-level ozone concentration is inversely correlated with the number of COVID-19 cases in Warsaw, Poland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oskar Wiśniewski ◽  
Wiesław Kozak ◽  
Maciej Wiśniewski
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Ozone Concentration ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Viral Agent ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Ground Level Ozone ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCOVID-19, which is a consequence of infection with the novel viral agent SARS-CoV-2, first identified in China (Hubei Province), has been declared a pandemic by the WHO. As of September 10, 2020, over 70,000 cases and over 2000 deaths have been recorded in Poland. Of the many factors contributing to the level of transmission of the virus, the weather appears to be significant. In this work, we analyze the impact of weather factors such as temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and ground-level ozone concentration on the number of COVID-19 cases in Warsaw, Poland. The obtained results show an inverse correlation between ground-level ozone concentration and the daily number of COVID-19 cases.

scholarly journals Simulation of Pan-Evaporation Using Penman and Hamon Equations and Artificial Intelligence Techniques

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 793
Author(s):  
Abdul Razzaq Ghumman ◽  
Mohammed Jamaan ◽  
Afaq Ahmad ◽  
Md. Shafiquzzaman ◽  
Husnain Haider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Pan Evaporation ◽  
Estimation Of Parameters ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Daunting Task ◽  
The Impact

The evaporation losses are very high in warm-arid regions and their accurate evaluation is vital for the sustainable management of water resources. The assessment of such losses involves extremely difficult and original tasks because of the scarcity of data in countries with an arid climate. The main objective of this paper is to develop models for the simulation of pan-evaporation with the help of Penman and Hamon’s equations, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), and the Artificial Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The results from five types of ANN models with different training functions were compared to find the best possible training function. The impact of using various input variables was investigated as an original contribution of this research. The average temperature and mean wind speed were found to be the most influential parameters. The estimation of parameters for Penman and Hamon’s equations was quite a daunting task. These parameters were estimated using a state of the art optimization algorithm, namely General Reduced Gradient Technique. The results of the Penman and Hamon’s equations, ANN, and ANFIS were compared. Thirty-eight years (from 1980 to 2018) of manually recorded pan-evaporation data regarding mean daily values of a month, including the relative humidity, wind speed, sunshine duration, and temperature, were collected from three gauging stations situated in Al Qassim, Saudi Arabia. The Nash and Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) and Mean Square Error (MSE) evaluated the performance of pan-evaporation modeling techniques. The study shows that the ANFIS simulation results were better than those of ANN and Penman and Hamon’s equations. The findings of the present research will help managers, engineers, and decision makers to sustainability manage natural water resources in warm-arid regions.

Examining Driver Injury Severity in Single-Vehicle Road Departure Crashes Involving Large Trucks

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110101
Author(s):  
Mehdi Hosseinpour ◽  
Kirolos Haleem
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Natural Logarithm ◽  
Concrete Barriers ◽  
Local Roads ◽  
Single Vehicle ◽  
Safety Countermeasures ◽  
Injury Severities

Road departure (RD) crashes are among the most severe crashes that can result in fatal or serious injuries, especially when involving large trucks. Most previous studies neglected to incorporate both roadside and median hazards into large-truck RD crash severity analysis. The objective of this study was to identify the significant factors affecting driver injury severity in single-vehicle RD crashes involving large trucks. A random-parameters ordered probit (RPOP) model was developed using extensive crash data collected on roadways in the state of Kentucky between 2015 and 2019. The RPOP model results showed that the effect of local roadways, the natural logarithm of annual average daily traffic (AADT), the presence of median concrete barriers, cable barrier-involved collisions, and dry surfaces were found to be random across the crash observations. The results also showed that older drivers, ejected drivers, and drivers trapped in their truck were more likely to sustain severe single-vehicle RD crashes. Other variables increasing the probability of driver injury severity have included rural areas, dry road surfaces, higher speed limits, single-unit truck types, principal arterials, overturning-consequences, truck fire occurrence, segments with median concrete barriers, and roadside fixed object strikes. On the other hand, wearing seatbelt, local roads and minor collectors, higher AADT, and hitting median cable barriers were associated with lower injury severities. Potential safety countermeasures from the study findings include installing median cable barriers and flattening steep roadside embankments along those roadway stretches with high history of RD large-truck-related crashes.

scholarly journals Analysis of Ozone Pollution Characteristics and Influencing Factors in Northeast Economic Cooperation Region, China

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 843
Author(s):  
Jiaqi Tian ◽  
Chunsheng Fang ◽  
Jiaxin Qiu ◽  
Ju Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Ozone Pollution ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variation ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
Peak Pattern ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

The increase in tropospheric ozone (O3) concentration has become one of the factors restricting urban development. This paper selected the important economic cooperation areas in Northeast China as the research object and collected the hourly monitoring data of pollutants and meteorological data in 11 cities from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2019. The temporal and spatial variation trend of O3 concentration and the effects of meteorological factors and other pollutants, including CO (carbon monoxide), SO2 (sulfur dioxide), NO2 (nitrogen dioxide), and PM2.5 and PM10 (PM particles with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 μm and 10 μm) on ozone concentration were analyzed. At the same time, the variation period of O3 concentration was further analyzed by Morlet wavelet analysis. The results showed that the O3 pollution in the study area had a significant spatial correlation. The spatial distribution showed that the O3 concentration was relatively high in the south and low in the northeast. Seasonally, the O3 concentration was the highest in spring, followed by summer, and the lowest in winter. The diurnal variation of O3 concentration presented a “single peak” pattern. O3 concentration had a significant positive correlation with temperature, sunshine duration, and wind speed and a significant anticorrelation with CO, NO2, SO2, and PM2.5 concentration. Under the time scale of a = 9, 23, O3 had significant periodic fluctuation, which was similar to those of wind speed and temperature.

scholarly journals Rural–Urban Disparities in Access to Improved Sanitation in Indonesia: A Decomposition Approach

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 215824402110299
Author(s):  
Sri Irianti ◽  
Puguh Prasetyoputra
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Decomposition Approach ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Improved Sanitation ◽  
The Government

One of the targets in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which is Target 6.2, aims to achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation. The Government of Indonesia targets universal access to improved sanitation in 2019. However, almost two out of five households in Indonesia are without access to improved sanitation. Moreover, access to improved sanitation is lower in rural areas than that in urban areas. Studies examining the drivers of the disparity in Indonesia are also limited. Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing the characteristics associated with the rural–urban disparity in access to improved sanitation facilities among households in Indonesia. We employed data from the 2016 Indonesian National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS) comprising 290,848 households. The analysis was twofold. First, we fitted multivariate probit regression models using average marginal effects as the measure of association. We then conducted a detailed non-linear decomposition of the rural–urban disparity attributable to all the explanatory variables. The multivariate regression analysis suggested that households living in rural areas were 11.35% (95% confidence interval = [10.97, 11.72]) less likely to have access to improved sanitation facilities than those residing in urban areas. The decomposition analysis suggested that 48.78% are attributable to spatial, demographic, housing, and socio-economic factors, which meant that almost half of the inequalities could be reduced by equalizing these factors. The results provide a decomposition of factors amenable to curtail urban–rural inequalities. Hence, equity-oriented approaches to increasing access to improved sanitation should be prioritized to achieve universal access in 2030 in line with SDG Target 6.2.

Assessment of Weather and Climate-Related Risks to Human Health in Different Areas of the Krasnoyarsk Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
DA Narutdinov ◽  
RS Rakhmanov ◽  
ES Bogomolova ◽  
SA Razgulin
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Maximum Wind ◽  
Average Wind ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
Effective Temperatures ◽  
Temperate Climates

Introduction: Extreme climate conditions have a negative impact on human health. Purpose: The study aimed to assess weather and climate-related risks to human health in different areas of the Krasnoyarsk Region by effective temperatures estimated during two long-term observation periods. Materials and methods: We analyzed ambient temperatures (average monthly and minimum), wind speed (average and maximum), and relative humidity in the subarctic and temperate continental zones estimated during the periods of determining climatic norms in 1961–1990 and 1991–2020. The health risk was assessed on the basis of effective temperatures. Results: In the subarctic zone, the wind strength (average and maximum values) decreased, the duration of such periods increased just like the ambient temperature while the relative humidity did not change. In temperate climates, all indicators have changed. In the subarctic zone, in the second observation period, frostbite was possible within 20–30 minutes during two months (versus 3 in the first). In the temperate climate, there was no such risk to humans. At the minimum temperature and maximum wind speed in the subarctic zone, the risk of frostbite is possible during 5 months (versus 6): after 10–15 minutes during two months and after 20–30 minutes – during three months of the year. In temperate climates, frostbite is possible within 20–30 minutes during two months (versus 3 in the first period). Conclusions: In the interval of establishing climatic norms (1991–2020), a significant increase in effective temperatures was determined: in the subarctic zone with the average wind strength and temperature in February–April and June, with maximum wind and minimum temperature – in March–July; in temperate climates, in April and June, respectively. The duration of periods of health risks posed by cold temperature exposures in the subarctic climate with average wind and temperature values equaled two months (I–II), with maximum wind speed and minimum temperatures – five months (XI–III); in the temperate climate, it was null and 2 (3) months (I, II, and XII), respectively.

Impact of weather parameters on alternaria blight of Indian mustard [(Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss.)]

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Rakesh Punia ◽  
Pavitra Kumari ◽  
Anil Kumar ◽  
AS Rathi ◽  
Ram Avtar
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Alternaria Blight ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Sunshine Hours

Progression of Alternaria blight disease was measured on two susceptible Indian mustard varieties viz., RH 30 and RH 0749 sown at three different dates. The maximum increase in disease severity was recorded between first weeks of February and last week of February. During this period, the maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity at morning and evening, average vapour pressure of morning and evening, maximum and bright sunshine hours and wind speed were higher, which resulted in congenial conditions for severe infection by the pathogen. The disease severity was positively correlated with maximum and minimum temperature, average vapour pressure, wind speed, sunshine hours and evaporation, while relative humidity and rainfall negatively correlated with Alternaria blight on both the varieties. A maximum value of area under disease progress curve was observed on cultivar RH 30 (651.1 cm2) as compared to RH 0749 (578.9 cm2), when crop was sown on 9th November.

Empirical Equations to Estimate Evapotranspiration in Mosul City

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 98-102
Author(s):  
Haqqi Yasin ◽  
Luma Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Daily Sunshine ◽  
Measured Wind Speed

Average daily data of solar radiation, relative humidity, wind speed and air temperature from 1980 to 2008 are used to estimate the daily reference evapotranspiration in the Mosul City, North of Iraq. ETo calculator software with the Penman Monteith method standardized by the Food and Agriculture Organization is used for calculations. Further, a nonlinear regression approach using SPSS Statistics is utilized to drive the daily reference evapotranspiration relationships in which ETo is function to one or more of the average daily air temperature, actual daily sunshine duration, measured wind speed at 2m height and relative humidity

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