scholarly journals Veterinary drug therapies used for undesirable behaviours in UK dogs under primary veterinary care

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0261139
Author(s):  
Annabel J. Craven ◽  
Camilla Pegram ◽  
Rowena M. A. Packer ◽  
Susan Jarvis ◽  
Paul D. McGreevy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Veterinary Drug ◽  
Electronic Patient Records ◽  
Regression Modelling ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Demographic Risk ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Demographic Risk Factors ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Multivariable Modelling

Undesirable behaviours (UBs) in dogs are common and important issues with serious potential welfare consequences for both the dogs and their owners. This study aimed to investigate the usage of drug therapy for UBs in dogs and assess demographic risk factors for drug-prescribed UBs within the dog population under primary-care veterinary care in the UK in 2013. Dogs receiving drug therapy for UB were identified through the retrospective analysis of anonymised electronic patient records in VetCompass™. Risk factor analysis used multivariable logistic regression modelling. The study population comprised 103,597 dogs under veterinary care in the UK during 2013. There were 413 drug-prescribed UBs recorded among 404 dogs. The prevalence of dogs with at least one UB event treated with a drug in 2013 was 0.4%. Multivariable modelling identified 3 breeds with increased odds of drug-prescribed UB compared with crossbred dogs: Toy Poodle (OR 2.75), Tibetan Terrier (OR 2.68) and Shih-tzu (OR 1.95). Increasing age was associated with increased odds of drug-prescribed UB, with dogs ≥ 12 years showing 3.1 times the odds compared with dogs < 3 years. Neutered males (OR 1.82) and entire males (OR 1.50) had increased odds compared with entire females. The relatively low prevalence of dogs with at least one UB event that was treated with a drug in 2013 could suggest that opportunities for useful psychopharmaceutical intervention in UBs may be being missed in first opinion veterinary practice. While bodyweight was not a significant factor, the 3 individual breeds at higher odds of an UB treated with a behaviour modifying drug all have a relatively low average bodyweight. The current results also support previous research of a male predisposition to UBs and it is possible that this higher risk resulted in the increased likelihood of being prescribed a behaviour modifying drug, regardless of neuter status.

scholarly journals Incidence and demographic risk factors for leptospirosis in dogs in the UK

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Collette Taylor ◽  
Dan G. O'Neill ◽  
Brian Catchpole ◽  
Dave C. Brodbelt
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Demographic Risk ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Demographic Risk Factors

scholarly journals Epidemiology of silicosis: reports from the SWORD scheme in the UK from 1996 to 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Michael Barber ◽  
David Fishwick ◽  
Melanie Carder ◽  
Martie van Tongeren
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Occupational Respiratory Disease ◽  
Age Of Diagnosis ◽  
Demographic Risk ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Demographic Risk Factors

ObjectiveTo document the demographic risk factors of workers reported to have silicosis in the UK.MethodsAll cases of silicosis reported to the Surveillance of Work-related and Occupational Respiratory Disease (SWORD) scheme between January 1996 and December 2017 were classified into one of eight industry categories, and one of five age groups. In addition, to investigate whether there had been any temporal change, mean age and range at diagnosis was plotted for each year. From 2006, data were also available relating to the date of onset of symptoms, allowing a comparison between workers with and without respiratory symptoms.ResultsFor the period between 1996 and 2017, there were 216 cases of silicosis reported. The mean (range) age of those reported was 61 years (23–89), with the majority (98%) being male. Across all industries, 65% of cases were diagnosed in individuals of working age (<65 for men and <60 for women). Silicosis was reported in young workers across all industry groups, with around one in six of all silicosis cases affecting workers under the age of 46 years. There was no clear trend in age of diagnosis with time. Between 2006 and 2017, 81% of 108 workers with silicosis were reported to be symptomatic.ConclusionsSilicosis remains an important health problem in the UK affecting workers of all ages across a wide range of industries traditionally associated with silica exposure.

scholarly journals Frequency, breed predisposition and demographic risk factors for overweight status in dogs in the UK

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Pegram ◽  
E. Raffan ◽  
E. White ◽  
A. H. Ashworth ◽  
D. C. Brodbelt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Overweight Status ◽  
Demographic Risk ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Demographic Risk Factors

scholarly journals Prevalence of commonly diagnosed disorders in UK dogs under primary veterinary care: results and applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan G. O’Neill ◽  
Hannah James ◽  
Dave C. Brodbelt ◽  
David B. Church ◽  
Camilla Pegram
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Skin Disorder ◽  
Otitis Externa ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
General Level ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Diagnostic Certainty ◽  
Demographic Risk ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Demographic Risk Factors

Abstract Background Although dogs are a commonly owned companion animal in the UK, the species experiences many health problems that are predictable from demographic information. This study aimed to use anonymised veterinary clinical data from the VetCompass™ Programme to report the frequency of common disorders of dogs under primary veterinary care in the UK during 2016 and to explore effects associated with age, sex and neuter status. Results From an available population of 905,543 dogs under veterinary care at 886 veterinary clinics during 2016, the current study included a random sample of 22,333 (2.47 %) dogs from 784 clinics. Prevalence for each disorder was calculated at the most refined level of diagnostic certainty (precise-level precision) and after grouping to a more general level of diagnostic precision (grouped-level precision). The most prevalent precise-level precision disorders recorded were periodontal disease (prevalence 12.52 %, 95 % CI: 12.09–12.97), otitis externa (7.30 %, 95 % CI: 6.97–7.65) and obesity (7.07 %, 95 % CI: 6.74–7.42). The most prevalent grouped-level disorders were dental disorder (14.10 %, 95 % CI: 13.64–14.56), skin disorder (12.58 %, 95 % CI: 12.15–13.02) and enteropathy (10.43 %, 95 % CI: 10.04–10.84). Associations were identified for many common disorders with age, sex and neuter. Conclusions The overall findings can assist veterinarians and owners to prioritise preventive care and to understand demographic risk factors in order to facilitate earlier diagnosis of common disorders in dogs. The information on associations with age, sex and neuter status provides additional contextual background to the complexity of disorder occurrence and supports targeted health controls for demographic subsets of dogs.

scholarly journals Key predictors of attending hospital with COVID19: An association study from the COVID Symptom Tracker App in 2,618,948 individuals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ni Lochlainn ◽  
Karla A. Lee ◽  
Carole H. Sudre ◽  
Thomas Varsavsky ◽  
M. Jorge Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Care ◽  
Massachusetts General Hospital ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Respiratory Support ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Demographic Risk ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Demographic Risk Factors

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to identify key demographic risk factors for hospital attendance with COVID-19 infection.DesignCommunity surveySettingThe COVID Symptom Tracker mobile application co-developed by physicians and scientists at King’s College London, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston and Zoe Global Limited was launched in the UK and US on 24th and 29th March 2020 respectively. It captured self-reported information related to COVID-19 symptoms and testing.Participants2,618,948 users of the COVID Symptom Tracker App. UK (95.7%) and US (4.3%) population. Data cut-off for this analysis was 21st April 2020.Main outcome measuresVisit to hospital and for those who attended hospital, the need for respiratory support in three subgroups (i) self-reported COVID-19 infection with classical symptoms (SR-COVID-19), (ii) selfreported positive COVID-19 test results (T-COVID-19), and (iii) imputed/predicted COVID-19 infection based on symptomatology (I-COVID-19). Multivariate logistic regressions for each outcome and each subgroup were adjusted for age and gender, with sensitivity analyses adjusted for comorbidities. Classical symptoms were defined as high fever and persistent cough for several days.ResultsOlder age and all comorbidities tested were found to be associated with increased odds of requiring hospital care for COVID-19. Obesity (BMI >30) predicted hospital care in all models, with odds ratios (OR) varying from 1.20 [1.11; 1.31] to 1.40 [1.23; 1.60] across population groups. Pre-existing lung disease and diabetes were consistently found to be associated with hospital visit with a maximum OR of 1.79 [1.64,1.95] and 1.72 [1.27; 2.31]) respectively. Findings were similar when assessing the need for respiratory support, for which age and male gender played an additional role.ConclusionsBeing older, obese, diabetic or suffering from pre-existing lung, heart or renal disease placed participants at increased risk of visiting hospital with COVID-19. It is of utmost importance for governments and the scientific and medical communities to work together to find evidence-based means of protecting those deemed most vulnerable from COVID-19.Trial registrationThe App Ethics have been approved by KCL ethics Committee REMAS ID 18210, review reference LRS-19/20-18210

scholarly journals Cardio-metabolic and socio-demographic risk factors associated with dependency in basic and instrumental activities of daily living among older Iranian adults: Bushehr elderly health program

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazem Khalagi ◽  
Akram Ansarifar ◽  
Noushin Fahimfar ◽  
Mahnaz Sanjari ◽  
Safoora Gharibzdeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Lower Education Level ◽  
History Of ◽  
Elderly Health ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
Demographic Risk ◽  
Demographic Risk Factors

Abstract Background Iran’s population is aging. Disability is a major public health problem for older adults, not only in Iran but all over the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between cardio-metabolic and socio-demographic risk factors and disability in people 60 years and older in Iran. Methods The baseline (cross-sectional) data of 2426 samples from the Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) program was included in the analysis. The participants were selected through multi-stage random sampling in Bushehr, southern Iran. Socio-demographic characteristics, as well as the history of diabetes and other chronic diseases, and smoking were measured using standardized questionnaires. Anthropometric measurements and laboratory tests were performed under standard conditions. Dependency was determined by the questionnaires of basic activities of daily living (BADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) using Barthel and Lawton scales respectively. Multiple logistic regression was used in the analysis. Results Mean (Standard Deviation) of the participants’ age was 69.3 (6.4) years (range: 60 and 96 years), and 48.1% of the participants were men. After adjusting for potential confounders, being older, being female (OR (95%CI): 2.3 (1.9–2.9)), having a lower education level, a history of diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.4 (1.2–1.7)) and past smoking (OR: 1.3 (1.0–1.6)), and no physical activity (OR: 1.5 (1.2–1.9)) were significantly associated with dependency in IADL. Also, being older and female (OR: 2.4 (1.9–3.0)), having a lower education level, no physical activity (OR: 2.2 (1.6–2.9)) and daily intake of calories (OR: 0.99 (0.99–0.99)) were associated with dependency in BADL. Conclusion Dependency in older adults can be prevented by increasing community literacy, improving physical activity, preventing and controlling diabetes mellitus, avoiding smoking, and reducing daily calorie intake.

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