scholarly journals A framework of artificial light management for optimal plant development for smart greenhouse application

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261281
Author(s):  
João Pereira ◽  
Abdul Mounem Mouazen ◽  
Mathias Foo ◽  
Hafiz Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Hypocotyl Length ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Light Management ◽  
Added Benefit ◽  
Reduced Light

Smart greenhouse farming has emerged as one of the solutions to global food security, where farming productivity can be managed and improved in an automated manner. While it is known that plant development is highly dependent on the quantity and quality of light exposure, the specific impact of the different light properties is yet to be fully understood. In this study, using the model plant Arabidopsis, we systematically investigate how six different light properties (i.e., photoperiod, light offset, intensity, phase of dawn, duration of twilight and period) would affect plant development i.e., flowering time and hypocotyl (seedling stem) elongation using an established mathematical model of the plant circadian system relating light input to flowering time and hypocotyl elongation outputs for smart greenhouse application. We vary each of the light properties individually and then collectively to understand their effect on plant development. Our analyses show in comparison to the nominal value, the photoperiod of 18 hours, period of 24 hours, no light offset, phase of dawn of 0 hour, duration of twilight of 0.05 hour and a reduced light intensity of 1% are able to improve by at least 30% in days to flower (from 32.52 days to 20.61 days) and hypocotyl length (from 1.90 mm to 1.19mm) with the added benefit of reducing energy consumption by at least 15% (from 4.27 MWh/year to 3.62 MWh/year). These findings could provide beneficial solutions to the smart greenhouse farming industries in terms of achieving enhanced productivity while consuming less energy.

scholarly journals Date palm compost versus peat and perlite: a comparative study on germination and plant development of muskmelon and tomato

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
Afraa Radhouani ◽  
Leila Benyehia ◽  
Belgacem Lechaiheb ◽  
Afef Mahjoubi ◽  
Ali Ferchichi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Potting Medium ◽  
Vigour Index ◽  
Pronounced Reduction

Abstract This research was carried out in the experimental site of the Arid and Oasian cultures Laboratory of the Institute of Arid Regions, Medenine, Tunisia. It aims at studying the effects of compost on seed germination patterns, seedling growth, and plant development of muskmelon and tomato under greenhouse conditions. Three growth media were used: compost of date palm wastes and two reference media (peat and perlite). The results showed that compost presented a promising threshold of both maturity and stability, which is related to its neutral pH, C : N ratio, greater humic acid vs fulvic acid, and low values of chlorophyll-type compounds. Seeds of muskmelon and tomato germinated at varying liquid compost extract concentrations and muskmelon reached higher germination index values even at the pure extract solution (100%). Moreover, seeds of both species germinated relatively faster in peat than in compost and an overall delay in germination was observed, with a more pronounced reduction on tomato germination percentage. Produced seedlings have attained a similar vigour index among media (p <0.05). Compost of date palm was more suitable for muskmelon stem elongation and leaf-enlarging capacity than perlite. However, the gustative quality of fruits was not significantly affected by the medium-types. Thus, it is concluded the promoising effect of compost of date palm as potting medium and substrate in soilless culture under greenhouse conditions unless a pertinent choice of cultures.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Storage Conditions and Type of Cork Stopper on the Quality of Bottled White Wines

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
María Consuelo Díaz-Maroto ◽  
Manuel López Viñas ◽  
Lourdes Marchante ◽  
María Elena Alañón ◽  
Ignacio Javier Díaz-Maroto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Cork Stopper ◽  
White Wines ◽  
White Leds ◽  
Retail Outlets

The effects of different storage conditions, light exposure, temperature and different commercially available cork stoppers on the phenolic, volatile and sensorial profile of Verdejo wines were studied. Two natural corks of different visual quality and a microgranulated cork stopper were investigated over one year at two different storage conditions. One simulating light exposure and temperature in retail outlets and the other simulating optimal cellar conditions (darkness and 12 °C). The wines stored under commercial conditions showed greater losses of total and free SO2 and higher levels of brown-yellowish tones, related to the oxidation of flavan-3-ols. Although these wines underwent a decrease in the total content of stilbenes, a significant increase in trans-piceid was observed. In addition, these wines suffered important changes in their volatile and sensory profile. Volatile compounds with fruity and floral aromas decreased significantly, while volatile compounds related to aged-type characters, as linalool oxides, vitispirane, TDN or furan derivatives increased. Wines stored in darkness at 12 °C underwent minor changes and their sensory profiles were similar to wine before bottling. The high-quality natural corks and microgranulated corks better preserved the quality of the white wines from a sensory point of view. These results showed that temperature and light exposure conditions (diffuse white LEDs and 24 ± 2 °C) in retail outlets considerably decrease the quality of bottled white wines and, consequently, their shelf life, due to the premature development of aged-type characters.

scholarly journals A priori checking of the light-response and data quality before extended data collection in pump–probe photocrystallography experiments

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Coppens ◽  
Anna Makal ◽  
Bertrand Fournier ◽  
Katarzyna N. Jarzembska ◽  
Radosław Kamiński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Response Ratio ◽  
Full Data ◽  
Pump Probe ◽  
Ratio Correlation ◽  
Induced Signal

In picosecond and slower pump–probe diffraction experiments, collection of response–ratio correlation sets prior to full data collection provides an invaluable confirmation of the existence of a light-induced signal prior to full data collection. If a response to light exposure is observed, the quality of the data being collected can be assessed. A number of such correlation plots both for synchrotron and in-house pump–probe data collection are presented.

ScFT6: A Putative Candidate for Sugarcane Floral Inducer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoel Viana Linhares-Neto ◽  
Pedro Vitor Schumacher ◽  
Thales Henrique Cherubino Ribeiro ◽  
Carlos Henrique Cardon ◽  
Pâmela Marinho Resende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Floral Induction ◽  
Orthologous Gene ◽  
Time Behavior ◽  
Variable Expression ◽  
Binding Protein Gene ◽  
Sugarcane Productivity ◽  
Phosphatidylethanolamine Binding Protein

Abstract One of the factors that can decrease sugarcane productivity is the flowering, because it affects the quantity and quality of feedstock, due to sucrose consumption from the stem during inflorescence emission. Photoperiodicity is the main environmental factor involved in sugarcane floral induction, which occurs by the integration of gene regulatory networks in response to environmental and endogenous stimuli. One of the genes involved in those regulatory networks is the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), which is considered a phloem-mobile signal that stimulates floral induction in the shoot apical meristem. This work aimed to identify and characterize homologs of the FT gene in sugarcane, as well as to determine the putative function of these genes during floral induction. From this perspective, we have conducted in silico analyses of putative FT orthologs in sugarcane, as well as the expression levels in different photoperiodic conditions in a 24-hours-day-cycle of ScFT6 in different plant tissues in contrasting cultivars in terms of flowering time. Three new possible FT orthologs were found with high similarity to FT homologs in other species. Among three genes identified, we highlighted ScFT6, which has a conserved domain and amino acids at characteristic positions for the flowering inducer phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein gene family. Additionally, its expression occurs according to coincidental model, possibly being controlled by the circadian clock. Cultivars with distinct flowering time behavior display variable expression for the ScFT6 gene, suggesting a possible genotypic relationship for its expression. Therefore, sugarcane has at least one putative orthologous gene in relation to FT that promotes floral induction.

Lithography-Based Ceramic Manufacturing (LCM) for Dental Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 939 ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malte Hartmann ◽  
Markus Pfaffinger ◽  
Jürgen Stampfl
Keyword(s):  
Light Exposure ◽  
Biaxial Bending ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Processing Step ◽  
Complex Procedure ◽  
Ceramic Manufacturing ◽  
Dental Applications ◽  
Ceramic Restorations

Dental applications like crowns, veneers or bridges require high accuracy to be fitted on the patient’s stump. Stereolithography is an additive manufacturing method, which offers high precision by using light exposure as the layer generating mechanism. In the LCM process, this precision is combined with a thermal post-processing step to achieve full ceramic restorations. The overall production of such ceramic parts in a reproducible way is a highly complex procedure. The first requirement is to find a slurry formulation, which is stable against sedimentation and segregation, that is also processable in a stereolithographic system. Such a formulation has been found by us, which could be shown by rheology measurements. During experiments with this formulation, it could be observed that there is a correlation between wet film thickness and resolution. Several adjustments to the machine have been made, to fully control this parameter. Namely, changes to the vat, the doctor blade and the building platform have been made. The improvement of the process and the quality of the final parts are validated by fabricating Siemens stars and by biaxial bending tests.

scholarly journals Application of Trichoderma harzianum on the physiological quality of cowpea seeds

2021 ◽  
pp. 643-648
Author(s):  
Marcelo Laranjeira Pimentel ◽  
Henara Valéria Miranda Castro ◽  
Mike Kirixi Munduruku ◽  
Larissa Conceição Cunha Ponte ◽  
Deyvielen Maria Ramos Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Hypocotyl Length ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Set Up

The use of fungi in seed treatment can improve the plant's physiological characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the use of Trichoderma harzianum on the physiological quality of bean seeds. The experiment was set up and conducted in the forest seed laboratory of the Federal University of Western Para, in a randomized design, using 4 procedures on the basis of a colony forming unit (CFU): T1 (0 CFU), T2 (4 x 109 CFU), T3 (8 x 109 CFU) and T4 (12 x 109 CFU), with 5 repetitions. Germination percentage (G%), germination speed index (GSI), hypocotyl length (HL) and radicle length (RL) were evaluated as variables. The data were analyzed by variance analysis and the averages were compared using the Tukey test (p≤0.05), in addition to the regression analysis, using the Minitab© version 18 statistical software. There were differences between the germination percentage tests, in which T2 obtained 100% of germinated seeds, for GSI it was observed that T2 and T3 were equal and superior to the other treatments, while for RL T1 and T2 obtained the best results, however, for HL there were no statistical differences between treatments. T2 was more efficient in the physiological quality of seeds to germination percentage and germination speed index

scholarly journals The color of illumination affects the stress response of jundiá (Rhamdia quelen, Quoy & Gaimard, Heptapteridae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 1249-1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo José Gil Barcellos ◽  
Filipe Ritter ◽  
Luiz Carlos Kreutz ◽  
Leonardo Bolognesi da Silva ◽  
Leonardo Cericato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
South America ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Rhamdia Quelen ◽  
Light Management ◽  
Acute Stressor ◽  
The Relationship

This paper provides the first data about physiological responses to stress in jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) exposed to different light colours. Jundiá is a species for fish production in the southern part of South America - and suitable for any region with a temperate or subtropical climates. In order to develop a light management for jundiá fingerlings during indoor maintenance and to understand the relationship between welfare and light colour in the jundiá, fingerlings were exposed to white, blue and green light. At the 10th day of light exposure an acute stressor was imposed. One hour after the application of the stressor, fish were sampled. Stress was assessed by means of cortisol determination. Our results show that green light seems to be the worst alternative to illuminate jundiá indoor experimentation facilities, or even fish transportation. The results also suggests that colour affects the stress response of jundia, and may be usefull for the management of this species.

scholarly journals Barley yield formation under abiotic stress depends on the interplay between flowering time genes and environmental cues

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Wiegmann ◽  
Andreas Maurer ◽  
Anh Pham ◽  
Timothy J. March ◽  
Ayed Al-Abdallat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Wild Barley ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Pleiotropic Effects ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Yield Formation

AbstractSince the dawn of agriculture, crop yield has always been impaired through abiotic stresses. In a field trial across five locations worldwide, we tested three abiotic stresses, nitrogen deficiency, drought and salinity, using HEB-YIELD, a selected subset of the wild barley nested association mapping population HEB-25. We show that barley flowering time genes Ppd-H1, Sdw1, Vrn-H1 and Vrn-H3 exert pleiotropic effects on plant development and grain yield. Under field conditions, these effects are strongly influenced by environmental cues like day length and temperature. For example, in Al-Karak, Jordan, the day length-sensitive wild barley allele of Ppd-H1 was associated with an increase of grain yield by up to 30% compared to the insensitive elite barley allele. The observed yield increase is accompanied by pleiotropic effects of Ppd-H1 resulting in shorter life cycle, extended grain filling period and increased grain size. Our study indicates that the adequate timing of plant development is crucial to maximize yield formation under harsh environmental conditions. We provide evidence that wild barley germplasm, introgressed into elite barley cultivars, can be utilized to improve grain yield. The presented knowledge may be transferred to related crop species like wheat and rice securing the rising global food demand for cereals.

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