scholarly journals A dental revolution: The association between occlusion and chewing behaviour

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261404
Author(s):  
Christopher Martin Silvester ◽  
Ottmar Kullmer ◽  
Simon Hillson
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Transverse Component ◽  
Power Stroke ◽  
Dental Occlusion ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Masticatory System ◽  
Dramatic Shift ◽  
Chewing Behaviour ◽  
The Way

Dentistry is confronted with the functional and aesthetic consequences that result from an increased prevalence of misaligned and discrepant dental occlusal relations in modern industrialised societies. Previous studies have indicated that a reduction in jaw size in response to softer and more heavily processed foods during and following the Industrial Revolution (1,700 CE to present) was an important factor in increased levels of poor dental occlusion. The functional demands placed on the masticatory system play a crucial role in jaw ontogenetic development; however, the way in which chewing behaviours changed in response to the consumption of softer foods during this period remains poorly understood. Here we show that eating more heavily processed food has radically transformed occlusal power stroke kinematics. Results of virtual 3D analysis of the dental macrowear patterns of molars in 104 individuals dating to the Industrial Revolution (1,700–1,900 CE), and 130 of their medieval and early post-medieval antecedents (1,100–1,700 CE) revealed changes in masticatory behaviour that occurred during the early stages of the transition towards eating more heavily processed foods. The industrial-era groups examined chewed with a reduced transverse component of jaw movement. These results show a diminished sequence of occlusal contacts indicating that a dental revolution has taken place in modern times, involving a dramatic shift in the way in which teeth occlude and wear during mastication. Molar macrowear suggests a close connection between progressive changes in chewing since the industrialization of food production and an increase in the prevalence of poor dental occlusion in modern societies.

Rediseñando las Organizaciones del Futuro. El impacto de la transformación digital en el mundo del trabajo

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-226
Author(s):  
Ricardo M. Piñeyro Prins ◽  
Guadalupe E. Estrada Narvaez
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Digital Culture ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
The People ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
The Way

We are witnessing how new technologies are radically changing the design of organizations, the way in which they produce and manage both their objectives and their strategies, and -above all- how digital transformation impacts the people who are part of it. Even today in our country, many organizations think that digitalizing is having a presence on social networks, a web page or venturing into cases of success in corporate social intranet. Others begin to invest a large part of their budget in training their teams and adapting them to the digital age. But given this current scenario, do we know exactly what the digital transformation of organizations means? It is necessary? Implying? Is there a roadmap to follow that leads to the success of this process? How are organizations that have been born 100% digital from their business conception to the way of producing services through the use of platforms? What role does the organizational culture play in this scenario? The challenge of the digital transformation of businesses and organizations, which is part of the paradigm of the industrial revolution 4.0, is happening here and now in all types of organizations, whether are they private, public or third sector. The challenge to take into account in this process is to identify the digital competences that each worker must face in order to accompany these changes and not be left out of it. In this sense, the present work seeks to analyze the main characteristics of the current technological advances that make up the digital transformation of organizations and how they must be accompanied by a digital culture and skills that allow their successful development. In order to approach this project, we will carry out an exploratory research, collecting data from the sector of new actors in the world of work such as employment platforms in its various areas (gastronomy, delivery, transportation, recreation, domestic service, etc) and an analysis of the main technological changes that impact on the digital transformation of organizations in Argentina.

The AI Delusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Smith
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Knowledge Discovery ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
The Real ◽  
Intelligent Machines ◽  
Black Boxes ◽  
Real Danger ◽  
The Way

We live in an incredible period in history. The Computer Revolution may be even more life-changing than the Industrial Revolution. We can do things with computers that could never be done before, and computers can do things for us that could never be done before. But our love of computers should not cloud our thinking about their limitations. We are told that computers are smarter than humans and that data mining can identify previously unknown truths, or make discoveries that will revolutionize our lives. Our lives may well be changed, but not necessarily for the better. Computers are very good at discovering patterns, but are useless in judging whether the unearthed patterns are sensible because computers do not think the way humans think. We fear that super-intelligent machines will decide to protect themselves by enslaving or eliminating humans. But the real danger is not that computers are smarter than us, but that we think computers are smarter than us and, so, trust computers to make important decisions for us. The AI Delusion explains why we should not be intimidated into thinking that computers are infallible, that data-mining is knowledge discovery, and that black boxes should be trusted.

Records Management in the Fourth Industrial Revolution

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Adeyinka Tella ◽  
Oluwakemi Titilola Olaniyi ◽  
Aderinola Ololade Dunmade
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Records Management ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Industrial Revolutions ◽  
The Way

The chapter looked at records management in the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) with the challenges and the way forward. The chapter discussed the industrial revolutions, records management, and the fourth industrial revolution (4IR), and described the advancement in records management in the 4IR based on the 4IR tools and technologies including artificial intelligence, blockchain, internet of things (IoT), robotics, and big data. The chapter also identified and discussed the benefits of technological advancement in the management of records; challenges of records management at the wake of 4IR and charted the way forward. In the context of document and records management, and taking into account all characteristics of the 4IR technologies and tools as well as its underlying technologies and concepts, the chapter concluded that the 4IR tools can be used to save time to create and process records, secure records from being damaged or destroyed, confirm the integrity of records, among others.

The Societal Impact of World Wide Web - Key Challenges for the 21st Century

2011 ◽  
pp. 88-106
Author(s):  
Janice M. Burn ◽  
Karen D. Loch
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Definite Effect ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
The Way

Many lessons from history offer strong evidence that technology can have a definite effect on the social and political aspects of human life. At times it is difficult to grasp how supposedly neutral technology might lead to social upheavals, mass migrations of people, and shifts in wealth and power. Yet a quick retrospective look at the last few centuries finds that various technologies have done just that, challenging the notion of the neutrality of technology. Some examples include the printing press, railways, and the telephone. The effects of these technologies usually begin in our minds by changing the way we view time and space. Railways made the world seem smaller by enabling us to send goods, people, and information to many parts of the world in a fraction of the time it took before. Telephones changed the way we think about both time and distance, enabling us to stay connected without needing to be physically displaced. While new technologies create new opportunities for certain individuals or groups to gain wealth, there are other economic implications with a wider ranging impact, political and social. Eventually, as the technology matures, social upheavals, mass migrations and shifts in economic and political power can be observed. We find concrete examples of this dynamic phenomenon during the Reformation, the industrial revolution, and more recently, as we witness the ongoing information technology revolution.

scholarly journals The Miniaturization of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices: Advances in Diagnostic and Therapeutic Modalities

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 633
Author(s):  
Richard G. Trohman ◽  
Henry D. Huang ◽  
Parikshit S. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Electronic Products ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices ◽  
The Way

The Fourth Industrial Revolution, characterized by an unprecedented fusion of technologies that is blurring the lines between the physical, digital, and biological spheres, continues the trend to manufacture ever smaller mechanical, optical and electronic products and devices. In this manuscript, we outline the way cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) have evolved into remarkably smaller units with greatly enhanced applicability and capabilities.

Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Automation, Robotics, Future of Work and Future of Humanity

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiyu Wang ◽  
Keng Siau
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

The exponential advancement in artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, robotics, and automation are rapidly transforming industries and societies across the world. The way we work, the way we live, and the way we interact with others are expected to be transformed at a speed and scale beyond anything we have observed in human history. This new industrial revolution is expected, on one hand, to enhance and improve our lives and societies. On the other hand, it has the potential to cause major upheavals in our way of life and our societal norms. The window of opportunity to understand the impact of these technologies and to preempt their negative effects is closing rapidly. Humanity needs to be proactive, rather than reactive, in managing this new industrial revolution. This article looks at the promises, challenges, and future research directions of these transformative technologies. Not only are the technological aspects investigated, but behavioral, societal, policy, and governance issues are reviewed as well. This research contributes to the ongoing discussions and debates about AI, automation, machine learning, and robotics. It is hoped that this article will heighten awareness of the importance of understanding these disruptive technologies as a basis for formulating policies and regulations that can maximize the benefits of these advancements for humanity and, at the same time, curtail potential dangers and negative impacts.

Dental Occlusion and the Health of the Masticatory System

1984 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar E. Carlsson ◽  
Byron Ch. Droukas
Keyword(s):  
Dental Occlusion ◽  
Masticatory System

Simulation and Analysis of a Masticatory Robot Based on Biological Structure

2011 ◽  
Vol 345 ◽  
pp. 417-422
Author(s):  
Ming Cong ◽  
Tong Zhan Liu ◽  
Zhan Bo Chang ◽  
Wei Liang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Texture Analysis ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Biological Structure ◽  
Food Texture ◽  
Masticatory System ◽  
Chewing Behaviour

To meet the demand of the food texture analysis, dental training, speech therapy and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) research, a device is required to enable the reproduction of human chewing behaviour accurately. Based on the biological structure of masticatory system, this paper presented a robotic model for human chewing system in Solidworks, and analyzed the kinematics character for the masticatory robot via ADAMS. Results have showed that the robotic model is proper to reproduce the human chewing behaviour.

scholarly journals Engaging With Influential Thinkers: Educational Philosophies and Policies Enduring the Test of Time

wisdom ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-226
Author(s):  
Asha Sara MAMMEN
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Educational Policies ◽  
Extant Literature ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Educational Philosophies ◽  
The Way

Literature spanning from the time of the third and fourth industrial revolution mentions how modernity has, in many ways, made circumstances profoundly better for humanity than what used to be in the historic and ancient worlds. Nevertheless, extant literature also speaks of how the manifested benefits of modernity inculcated ills that stand in the way of humanity being humane and of exercising human personhood. This article puts forth a consoling and a divine virtue - wisdom and wisdom philosophy - thoughts based on wisdom to bridge the gap between getting progressive and being humane. Curiosity thereby wisdom; starts with wonder, as resonated in child and man - whereby aiming to be inculcated and embedded, at a stage, when one is mostly trainable and adaptable lies the objective of this essay - to reignite one’s mind to the philosophical values of influential thinkers, explore of its existence, relevance and its purpose for modern humanity. A qualitative methodology was employed to gather information supplemented by knowledge from archived literature. This scholarly piece of writing discusses an approach using as an analogy - the fulcrum, load and effort mechanism to embed wisdom based philosophy thoughts and practices in educational policies for the stakeholders of knowledge.

scholarly journals Wood, Flour, Journal: How the Electronic Turn Has Affected the Way Journals are Found, Used, and Read

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Garrett
Keyword(s):  
Academic Libraries ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Panel Discussion ◽  
User Preference ◽  
Journal Publication ◽  
Technological Capacity ◽  
Dramatic Shift ◽  
Economic Necessity ◽  
Journal Content ◽  
The Way

The repercussions of the recent dramatic shift in journal publication from a print to a digital platform – a shift termed by the author “the electronic turn” - are far-reaching. Delivered originally as a part of a panel discussion, this essay marks out the profound changes around journal content: how academic libraries purchase it, in how they provide access to it, and in how people use it. Factors contributing to the process include the growth of technological capacity, new publishing models, economic necessity, user preference, and changes in the way people prefer to read. The “electronic turn” is viewed as at the same time unavoidable and calling for corresponding changes in the mindsets of libraries, of publishers, and of researchers.

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