scholarly journals Changes of starch and sucrose content and related gene expression during the growth and development of Lanzhou lily bulb

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262506
Author(s):  
Weitai Li ◽  
Dengjing Huang ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Xuemei Hou ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Lanzhou Lily

As the main forms of carbohydrates, starch and sucrose play a vital role in the balance and coordination of various carbohydrates. Lanzhou lily is the most popular edible lily in China, mainly distributed in the central region of Gansu. To clarify the relationship between carbohydrate metabolism and bulb development of Lanzhou lily, so as to provide a basis for the promotion of the growth and development in Lanzhou lily and its important economic value, we studied lily bulbs in the squaring stage, flowering stage, half withering stage and withering stage. The plant height, fresh weight of mother and daughter bulbs continued to increase during the whole growth period and fresh weight of stem and leaf began to decrease in the half withering stage. The content of starch, sucrose and total soluble sugar in the lily mother bulb accumulated mostly in the flowering, withering and half withering stages, respectively. Starch, sucrose and total soluble sugar accumulated in the daughter bulb with the highest concentration during the withering stage. In the transcription level, sucrose synthase (SuSy1) and sucrose invertase (INV2) expressed the highest in squaring stage, and the expression was significantly higher in the mother bulb than in the daughter bulb. In flowering stage, the expression levels of soluble starch synthase (SSS1), starch-branching enzyme (SBE) and adenosine diphosphate-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP1) genes were higher in the mother bulb than in the daughter bulb. Altogether, our results indicate that starch and sucrose are important for the bulb growth and development of Lanzhou lily.

scholarly journals Size and Carbohydrate Content of Ears of Baby Corn in Relation to Endosperm Type (Su, su, se, sh2)

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bar-Zur ◽  
A. Schaffer
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Polysaccharide ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Time Of Harvest

Ear size and quality traits of various types of maize (Zea mays L.) (Su, su, se, sh2) used as baby corn were evaluated in field experiments. Ear size increased with time (0 to 6 days) after silking. Optimal stage for harvest was at silking for most cultivars and 6 days after silking for the prolific mini-corn cultivars. Sugar content of baby corn ears of all genotypes consisted primarily of glucose and fructose, with only low levels of sucrose. There was no significant increase in sugar content attributable to the su, se, or sh2 genes compared with Su, thus indicating there is no reason to use sweet corn types instead of the higher-yielding Su types. Total soluble sugar content of the genotypes ranged from ≈20 to 30 mg·g-1 fresh weight. Starch and water-soluble polysaccharide (WSP) concentrations in the Su cultivars, which were higher than those in the other endosperm types studied, decreased slightly from 0 to 6 days after silking. However, WSP concentrations were low and not likely to affect quality. Crispness, determined by organoleptic tests, decreased with time of harvest and differed among genotypes.

scholarly journals Morphophysiological characterization of leaves and inflorescences of commercial mini chrysanthemum varieties

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-282
Author(s):  
Carolina Rodrigues Victor de Carvalho ◽  
Mirelle Nayana de Sousa Santos ◽  
Ana Maria Mapeli
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents

Abstract Chrysanthemum is among the oldest plants cultivated by man, being widely cultivated in Brazil. In view of its economic importance and use in breeding, the present study aims to characterize mini chrysanthemum varieties, focusing on morphological and physiological parameters. Therefore, four varieties of mini chrysanthemums, in pots, were acquired in the local market: V1 - ‘Swifty Light Pink’ (purple), V2 - ‘Diablo Time’ (red), V3 - ‘White Cherie’ (white); V4 - ‘Giovanni’ (yellow), from which they were taken leaves and inflorescences samples for measurement of height, diameter and fresh mass, as well as to quantify the total soluble sugar (TSS, %), reducing sugar (RS, %), non-reducing sugar (NRS, %), anthocyanin and chlorophyll contents. Regarding the characterization of inflorescences, it was found that ‘Diablo Time’ had the largest diameter, height and fresh weight, in these last two cases not differing from ‘Giovanni’, which had lower anthocyanin content; while the highest values of carbohydrate content were found in ‘White Cherie’. In relation to the characterization of the leaves, ‘Giovanni’ had the largest dimensions, fresh mass and chlorophyll content. Already ‘Swifty Light Pink’ stood as to the sugar contents. Thus, it is clear that there are morphophysiological differences between the chrysanthemum mini varieties, which can contribute to breeding programs.

scholarly journals Effects of Leachate Fertigation and the Addition of Hydrogen Peroxide on Growth and Nutrient Balance in Dracaena deremensis Potted Plants

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Pedro García-Caparrós ◽  
Cristina Velasquez Espino ◽  
María Teresa Lao
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar

The reuse of drainages for cultivating more salt tolerant crops can be a useful tool especially in arid regions, where there are severe problems for crops water management. Dracaena deremensis L. plants were cultured in pots with sphagnum peat-moss and were subjected to three fertigation treatments for 8 weeks: control treatment or standard nutrient solution (D0), raw leachates from Chrysalidocarpus lutescens H. Wendl plants (DL) and the same leachate blending with H2O2 (1.2 M) at 1% (v/v) (DL + H2O2). After harvesting, ornamental and biomass parameters, leaf and root proline and total soluble sugar concentration and nutrient balance were assessed in each fertigation treatment. Plant height, leaf and total dry weight had the highest values in plants fertigated with leachates with H2O2, whereas root length, leaf number, RGB values and pigment concentration declined significantly in plants fertigated with leachates from C. lutescens with or without H2O2. The fertigation with leachates, regardless of the presence or absence of H2O2 increased root and leaf proline concentration. Nevertheless, root and leaf total soluble sugar concentration did not show a clear trend under the treatments assessed. Regarding nutrient balance, the addition of H2O2 in the leachate resulted in an increase in plant nutrient uptake and efficiency compared to the control treatment. The fertigation with leachates with or without H2O2 increased nitrogen and potassium leached per plant compared to plants fertigated with the standard nutrient solution. The reuse of drainages is a viable option to produce ornamental plants reducing the problematic associated with the water consumption and the release of nutrients into the environment.

scholarly journals Exogenous Putrescine Enhances Salt Tolerance and Ginsenosides Content in Korean Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) Sprouts

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1313
Author(s):  
Md. Jahirul Islam ◽  
Byeong Ryeol Ryu ◽  
Md. Obyedul Kalam Azad ◽  
Md. Hafizur Rahman ◽  
Md. Soyel Rana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panax Ginseng ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Salinity Treatment ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Biochemical Processes

The effect of exogenously applied putrescine (Put) on salt stress tolerance was investigated in Panax ginseng. Thirty-day-old ginseng sprouts were grown in salinized nutrient solution (150 mM NaCl) for five days, while the control sprouts were grown in nutrients solution. Putrescine (0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 mM) was sprayed on the plants once at the onset of salinity treatment, whereas control plants were sprayed with water only. Ginseng seedlings tested under salinity exhibited reduced plant growth and biomass production, which was directly interlinked with reduced chlorophyll and chlorophyll fluorescence due to higher reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide; H2O2) and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde; MDA) production. Application of Put enhanced accumulation of proline, total soluble carbohydrate, total soluble sugar and total soluble protein. At the same time, activities of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase in leaves, stems, and roots of ginseng seedlings were increased. Such modulation of physio-biochemical processes reduced the level of H2O2 and MDA, which indicates a successful adaptation of ginseng seedlings to salinity stress. Moreover, protopanaxadiol (PPD) ginsenosides enhanced by both salinity stress and exogenous Put treatment. On the other hand, protopanaxatriol (PPT) ginsenosides enhanced in roots and reduced in leaves and stems under salinity stress condition. In contrast, they enhanced by exogenous Put application in all parts of the plants for most cases, also evidenced by principal component analysis. Collectively, our findings provide an important prospect for the use of Put in modulating salinity tolerance and ginsenosides content in ginseng sprouts.

scholarly journals Effects of Shading on Carbohydrates of Syzygium samarangense

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1252-1257
Author(s):  
Ying JIAN ◽  
Guolin WU ◽  
Donghui ZHOU ◽  
Zhiqun HU ◽  
Zhenxuan QUAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Digital Object Identifier ◽  
Digital Object ◽  
Carbohydrate Accumulation ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Carbohydrate Levels

Wax apple (Syzygium samarangense) is an important tropical fruit tree cultivated in Southeast Asian. It produces red pear-like shape fruits. The fruit flesh is considered high in antioxidants, phenolics, and flavonoids that have a potential to contribute to the human healthy diet, and was proved to have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial characteristics. To allow year-round marketing of high quality wax apple fruit, growers always perform shading to inhibit new flushes so as to repress vegetative growth and promote reproductive growth. To investigate the effect of shading on carbohydrates, wax apple trees were shaded with sun shade nets under field conditions. The effects of shading on shoot growth were studied and leaf carbohydrate levels of the trees were determined. The results showed that shading inhibit the the growth of the terminal shoots and promoted bud dormancy. Shading also reduced total soluble sugar, sucrose, glucose, fructose, and starch levels of leaves. The results suggested that shading reduced carbohydrate accumulation and repressed vegetative growth.   ********* In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 4, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue. *********

RESPONSE OF PEAS TO ENVIRONMENT: IV. EFFECT OF FIVE SOIL WATER REGIMES ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PEAS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Maurer ◽  
H. F. Fletcher ◽  
D. P. Ormrod
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Severe Water Stress ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Soil Water Conditions

Pea plants growing in "weighing lysimeters" were subjected to five soil-water regimes to determine their response to varying conditions of soil water imposed at different stages of development. Plants subjected to a minimal water stress developed luxuriantly and continued to grow up to the harvest period. Pea yield and plant height were not reduced, but fresh weight and dry matter were less if irrigation was applied when soil water fell to 60% rather than 88% of that available. A severe water stress after blossom reduced pea yield, irrespective of soil-water conditions prior to blossom. Plants which had been given ample soil water before blossom wilted visibly when a severe stress was imposed in the post-blossom period, yet wilting did not occur in plants subjected to severe water stress both before and after blossom. Severe water stress prior to blossom did not cause a decrease in pea yield if ample soil moisture was made available after blossom.

Total Soluble Sugar Quantification from Ethanolic Plant Extracts v1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Doran ◽  
Amanda P. De Souza
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Tissue Extracts

Quantification of total soluble sugars (as glucose) in plant tissue extracts via the sulfuric phenol method adapted for 96 well plates.

scholarly journals Initial growth and development of southern sandbur based on thermal units

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.C.R. Machado ◽  
R.S.O. Lima ◽  
A.P.P. Silva ◽  
B.S. Marques ◽  
M.F. Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
Best Fit

Availability of basic information on weed biology is an essential tool for designing integrated management programs for agricultural systems. Thus, this study was carried out in order to calculate the base temperature (Tb) of southern sandbur (Cenchrus echinatus), as well as fit the initial growth and development of the species to accumulated thermal units (growing degree days - GDD). For that purpose, experimental populations were sown six times in summer/autumn conditions (decreasing photoperiod) and six times in winter/spring condition (increasing photoperiod). Southern sandbur phenological evaluations were carried out, on alternate days, and total dry matter was measured when plants reached the flowering stage. All the growth and development fits were performed based on thermal units by assessing five base temperatures, as well as the absence of it. Southern sandbur development was best fit with Tb = 12 ºC, with equation y = 0,0993x, where y is the scale of phenological stage and x is the GDD. On average, flowering was reached at 518 GDD. Southern sandbur phenology may be predicted by using mathematical models based on accumulated thermal units, adopting Tb = 12 ºC. However, other environmental variables may also interfere with species development, particularly photoperiod.

scholarly journals Invertase and sucrose synthase activities in coffee plants sprayed with sucrose solution

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos da Silva ◽  
José Donizeti Alves ◽  
Amauri Alves de Alvarenga ◽  
Marcelo Murad Magalhães ◽  
Dárlan Einstein do Livramento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Synthase ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
High Level

One management practice of which the efficiency has not yet been scientifically tested is spraying coffee plants with diluted sucrose solutions as a source of carbon for the plant. This paper evaluates the effect of foliar spraying with sugar on the endogenous level of carbohydrates and on the activities of invertase and sucrose synthase in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) seedlings with reduced (low) and high (normal) levels of carbon reserve. The concentrations used were 0.5 and 1.0% sucrose, and water as a control. The use of sucrose at 1.0% caused an increase in the concentration of total soluble sugars in depauperate plants, as well as increased the activity of the following enzymes: cell wall and vacuole acid invertase, neutral cytosol invertase and sucrose synthase. In plants with high level of carbon reserve, no increments in total soluble sugar levels or in enzymatic activity were observed. Regardless of treatments or plants physiological state, no differences in transpiration or stomatal conductance were observed, demonstrating the stomatal control of transpiration. Photosynthesis was stimulated with the use of 0.5 and 1.0 % sucrose only in depauperate plants. Coffee seedling spraying with sucrose is only efficient for depauperate plants, at the concentration of 1.0%.

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