Nonsterile immunity to cryptosporidiosis in infants is associated with mucosal IgA against the sporozoite and protection from malnutrition

We conducted a longitudinal study of cryptosporidiosis from birth to three years of age in an urban slum of Dhaka Bangladesh. Fecal DNA was extracted from monthly surveillance samples and diarrheal stool samples collected from 392 infants from birth to three years. A pan-Cryptosporidium qPCR assay was used to identify sub-clinical and symptomatic cryptosporidiosis. Anthropometric measurements were collected quarterly to assess child nutritional status. 31% (121/392) of children experienced a single and 57% (222/392) multiple infections with Cryptosporidium. Repeat infections had a lower burden of parasites in the stool (Cq slope = -1.85; p<0.0001) and were more likely to be sub-clinical (Chi square test for trend; p = 0.01). Repeat infections were associated with the development of growth faltering (Pearson correlation = -0.18; p = 0.0004). High levels of fecal IgA antibodies against the Cryptosporidium Cp23 sporozoite protein at one year of life were associated with a delay in reinfection and amelioration of growth faltering through three years of life (HAZ IgA high responders -1.323 ± 0.932 versus HAZ -1.731 ± 0.984 p = 0.0001). We concluded that nonsterile immunity to cryptosporidiosis in young children was associated with high levels of mucosal IgA anti-Cp23 and protection from diarrhea and growth faltering. Trial Registration: NCT02764918.

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Nonsterile immunity to cryptosporidiosis in infants is associated with mucosal IgA against the sporozoite and protection from malnutrition

10.1101/2021.03.04.433864 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Carol A Gilchrist ◽

Mamun Kabir ◽

Masud Alam ◽

Uma Nayak ◽

Tuhinur Anju ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pearson Correlation ◽

Urban Slum ◽

Multiple Infections ◽

Chi Square ◽

Growth Faltering ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Birth To Three ◽

One Year ◽

Child Nutritional Status

We conducted a longitudinal study of cryptosporidiosis from birth to three years of age in an urban slum of Dhaka Bangladesh. Fecal DNA was extracted from monthly surveillance samples and diarrheal stool samples collected from 392 infants from birth to three years. A pan-Cryptosporidium qPCR assay was used to identify sub-clinical and symptomatic cryptosporidiosis. Anthropometric measurements were collected quarterly to assess child nutritional status. 31% (121/392) of children experienced a single and 57% (222/392) multiple infections with Cryptosporidium. Repeat infections had a lower burden of parasites in the stool (Cq slope = -1.85; p<0.0001) and were more likely to be sub-clinical (Chi square test for trend; p=0.01). Repeat infections were associated with the development of growth faltering (Pearson correlation = -0.18; p=0.0004). High levels of fecal IgA antibodies against the Cryptosporidium Cp23 sporozoite protein at one year of life were associated with a delay in reinfection and amelioration of growth faltering through three years of life (HAZ IgA high responders -1.323 ± 0.932 versus HAZ -1.731 ± 0.984 p=0.0001). We concluded that nonsterile immunity to cryptosporidiosis in young children was associated with high levels of mucosal IgA anti-Cp23 and protection from diarrhea and growth faltering.

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The study of the intention to leave work and its relationship with job burnout among midwives: the long-lasting impacts of COVID-19

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1004663/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

sahar ahmadi ◽

azam maleki

Keyword(s):

Pearson Correlation ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽

Intention To Leave ◽

Job Burnout ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Chi Square ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

One Year ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background: It is important to evaluate the long-term effects of the Covid 19 epidemic on the tendency of midwives to leave their jobs. The study was aimed to examine the intention to leave work and its relationship with job burnout among midwives working at Ayatollah Mousavi hospital of Zanjan one year after the Covid-19 disease. In a descriptive-analytical study, the tendency of 88 midwives to leave their jobs was evaluated one year after the outbreak of Covid disease in 2021. The midwives were selected by convenience sampling methods. Data were collected using the Maslach burnout questionnaire and Attwood and Hinshaw tendency to leave the job. Data analyzed by descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple linear regression model with the stepwise method at 95% confidence level.Results:The mean tendency to leave the job was 29.71 ± 6.75. Most of the midwives have a moderate level of the tendency to leave the job (47.7%). There was a significant positive correlation between all three components of burnout and the tendency to leave the job. The odds of leaving the job were 0.344 times higher in people with high emotional fatigue and 0.276 times in people with rotational shift work.Conclusion:It can be concluded that the tendency to leave the job was moderate. Given the relationship between emotional fatigue and the tendency to leave the job, planning to increase the mental strength and resilience of midwives during the epidemic of COVID-19 seems necessary.

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Avaliação da prevalência da perda precoce de molares decíduos na dentição mista

Orthodontic Science and Practice ◽

10.24077/2020;1352-102106 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (52) ◽

pp. 102-106

Author(s):

Ana de Lourdes Sá de Lira ◽

Cassius Wander Coelho Martins ◽

Luis Paulo da Silva Dias ◽

Tito Cacau Sousa Santos

Keyword(s):

Mixed Dentition ◽

Deciduous Teeth ◽

Chi Square ◽

Space Maintainer ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Fixed Space ◽

Deciduous Molar ◽

One Year ◽

Deciduous Molars ◽

Lower Arch

Objective: To assess primary molars early loss in mixed dentition prevalence. Method: A study was carried out in children aged 6 to 12 years. Deciduous molar loss was considered early when it occurred before Nolla stage 6 (full formed crown) of the permanent successor or one year before its physiological exfoliation. Periapical radiographs were obtained to verify the presence of the permanent successor and the level of root formation, as well as the need for placement of fixed space maintainer lingual arch or Nance button. For the study of frequency distribution of early dental loss in relation to gender and dentition, we used the Chi-square test of 5% probability level and the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test for adequate statistical analysis. Results: Of the 315 children examined, 159 (50.47%) were male and 156 (49.52%) were female. Only 25 (7.9%) presented multiple dental losses in the posterior region, 19 in the lower arch and 6 in the upper arch. In the inferior one there was predominance of first and second deciduous molars loss. There was no difference in the association between genders and the occurrence of multiple dental losses (χ² (1) = 0.03, p>0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of deciduous teeth premature loss was of 7.9% and the most affected teeth were the first and second molars in the lower arch. Lingual arch space holders were installed in 6 children, who will remain with it until the permanent successors erupt into the oral cavity.

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Determining the Role of Customer Satisfaction in Gaining Customer Loyalty among Cafés

University of Bohol Multidisciplinary Research Journal ◽

10.15631/ubmrj.v8i1.130 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 74-85

Author(s):

Allen Joshua P. Cuñado ◽

Cathlyn Mae Painagan ◽

Jeshnin Ann L. Cuñado ◽

Ella Marie D. Palmada ◽

Zenar Jane A. Mumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Customer Satisfaction ◽

Customer Loyalty ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Significant Degree ◽

Business Success ◽

Research Approach ◽

Chi Square ◽

Chi Square Test

Café as an establishment primarily sells refreshing drinks, snacks, and light meals, with coffee being their flagship product. This type of business is steadily multiplying around the city of Tagbilaran, Bohol, Philippines. Customers have linked to business success as well as customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. This study was implemented to analyze the role of customers’ satisfaction in gaining customers’ loyalty, specifically among purposively selected cafés. The quantitative method of research approach was used with the aid of questionnaires. The data gathered were statistically treated making use of frequency, composite means, weighted mean, chi-square test, and Pearson correlation coefficients. The respondents included 210 customers from the purposively selected cafés. Results showed respondents to be very satisfied (VS) for the Product; for the price; for the place; for the service quality; and moderately satisfied (MS) for promotion. Results further showed that there is a significant degree of relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty.

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Nutritional status of 1-5 years children in the urban slum area of Jagdalpur city, Bastar region, Chhattisgarh

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20180779 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 1172

Author(s):

Q. H. Khan ◽

Garima Arora ◽

Susheel Kumar Nalli

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Immunization Coverage ◽

Urban Slum ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Present Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Nutritional Status Of Children ◽

High Level

Background: Nutritional status is the best indicator of the child health. Malnutrition has both short and long term adverse ramifications. As per NFHS III 47% children are stunted in the state of Chhattisgarh. However still many communities in the tribal dominated and naxal affected state may remain affected, hence the study was planned to identify the nutritional status of children and find out its determinant.Methods: Present cross-sectional study was conducted among 12-59 months children in the urban slum of Jagdalpur city, Bastar region of Chhattisgarh. Predesigned and pretested questionnaire was administered to the caregiver of the child, information on socio-demographic characteristics was obtained and anthropometric measurements were taken. Statistical Analysis: all frequencies were derived for completeness of data. WHO Anthro Software version 3.1.0 was used to classify the malnutrition status. Chi-square test was applied to find association between dependent variables.Results: Out of 225 children 53.3% were boys and 46.7% were girls. The overall prevalence of underweight stunting and wasting was 28.4%, 41.3%, and 19.1% respectively.Conclusions: Prevalence of underweight has reduced in the district over a period of years. However high level of stunting, a sign of chronic hunger points towards the pivotal role of socio-demographic and behavioral practices prevalent in the district. Interaction with health system in the form of ANC, institutional delivery and safeguarding effective 100% immunization coverage has shown preventive effect.

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Acute pancreatitis and low ascites-serum albumin gradient ascites caused by Brucellosis

Medical Science and Discovery ◽

10.36472/msd.v8i8.584 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 470-474

Author(s):

Mesut Aydin

Keyword(s):

Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Serum Proteins ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Chi Square ◽

Pancreatic Leakage ◽

Brucella Infection ◽

The World ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Spss Software

Objective: Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease seen widely around the world. Although many aspects and treatment of this disease is well known, peritoneal involvement and ascites is not well established so far. Material and Methods: This study retrospectively enrolled 346 adult patients (aged >17 years) with acute Brucellosis attending Hepatology Clinic, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, between April 2013 and May 2016. Characteristics of those with and without ascites were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients and Chi-Square test in SPSS software system. Results: Of the 346 cases, 20 (5, 7%) had ascites. Those with ascites had significantly higher transaminase, cholestatic enzyme and amylase levels compared to those without ascites. Conclusions: We conclude that acute Brucella infection can lead to a unique low gradient ascites probably resulting from pancreatic leakage followed by peritoneal accumulation of serum proteins.

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FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN STRES KERJA PADA PENYELAM DI PT. X

The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health ◽

10.20473/ijosh.v4i1.2015.54-63 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 54

Author(s):

Faris Lazwar Irkhami

Keyword(s):

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Job Stress ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Marine Animal ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Correlation Test ◽

Pearson Correlation Test ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Cross Sectional Design

ABSTRACTStress can be perceived as a response to threats situations (either physical or psychological) caused by individual inability to overcome existing threats within his/her environment. Job stress is the result of interaction between an individual (i.e. a worker) and his/her occupation. The objective of this study to identify the factor affecting tojob stress by the divers at PT. X. This study applied cross-sectional design conducted by observing the divers at PT. X. The population of this study was all divers working at PT. X. Data was analyzed by Spearman Correlation Test, Pearson Correlation Test, and Chi-square Test. The results of this study is strong correlation between personality type and job stress (as indicated by correlation coefficient 0.645). The divers’ age (correlation coefficient -0.283), educational level (correlation coefficient -0.220), years of service/experience (correlation coefficient -0.158), length of diving session (correlation coefficient 0.083), and threats of marine animal attack (correlation coefficient 0.156) had lower correlation with job stress. While the divers residence might also affect their job stress (as indicated by correlation coefficient 0.539).Keywords: job stress, diver

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Employee Commitment toward Organization and their Career during the Merger of Bishwa Bikas Bank and Fewa Finance

Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies ◽

10.3126/jjis.v5i0.17839 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 44-55

Author(s):

Nabin Bahadur Adhikari

Keyword(s):

Pearson Correlation ◽

Employee Commitment ◽

Interdisciplinary Studies ◽

Survey Questionnaire ◽

Chi Square ◽

Managing Change ◽

Age Factor ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Effect Of Age

Change is indispensible for the survival of the firm. Managing change become more challenging when it includes massive human involvement. This research paper aims to investigate employee commitment towards organization and own career during the merger. For this hypothesis were set to test under some constraints. The study applied empirical approach in which a survey questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data and other statistical techniques like Chi square test, Pearson correlation was applied and conclude that there is no effect of age factor in the determination of employee commitment towards the organization. Moreover the employee commitment towards their career has relative influence to employee commitment towards organization.Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, Vol. 5 (December 2016), page: 44-55

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Measurement of Disease Activity in Ecuadorian Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Does RAPID3 Correlate with Traditional Indexes?

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2019/6940401 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

María Fernanda Zurita ◽

Adriana Iglesias ◽

Emanuel Vanegas ◽

Adriana Luzuriaga ◽

Luis Zurita

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Disease Activity ◽

Activity Index ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Disease Activity Index ◽

Chi Square ◽

Exact Test ◽

American College Of Rheumatology ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Criteria For Diagnosis

Objective. The aim of this study is to demonstrate if routine assessment of patient index data 3 has a correlation with disease’s activity as much as disease activity score 28, clinical disease activity index, and simplified disease activity index in Ecuadorian patients with rheumatoid arthritis seen in Unidad de Enfermedades Reumáticas y Autoinmunes [UNERA] from December 2016 to December 2017. Methods. This is a retrospective study in 200 patients that fulfill the American College of Rheumatology 2010 criteria for diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. The patients were evaluated from December 2016 to December 2017. Descriptive analyses were carried out, also Pearson correlation was used, and, to give a better clinical significance, a chi-square test was conducted. Whenever assumptions of chi-square test were violated, a Fisher’s exact test was reported. Results. RAPID3 correlated best with DAS28 (r.83, p < 0.001), followed by CDAI (r.80, p < 0.001) and then SDAI (r.77, p < 0.001). Conclusion. RAPID3 is a questionnaire that only takes 10 seconds to calculate and correlates in a significant way with traditional clinical measures that require more time to perform, saving time in busy health facilities.

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Mapping premature ovarian insufficiency and potential environmental factors: A tool for triggering in-depth research of the problem in Slovenia

Geospatial health ◽

10.4081/gh.2020.800 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Živa Miriam Geršak ◽

Ksenija Geršak ◽

Tanja Rejc ◽

Lucija Perharič ◽

Lijana Zaletel-Kragelj ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Population Level ◽

Public Health Research ◽

Environmental Indicators ◽

Premature Ovarian Insufficiency ◽

Ovarian Insufficiency ◽

Chi Square ◽

Chi Square Test

Aiming at triggering in-depth research of the problem of Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) in Slovenia, we assessed the regional differences in POI incidence emphasising the relationship with social and physical environmental factors at the population level using a mapping approach. The differences in POI incidence between regions were tested by goodness-of-fit chi-square test, while Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess the ecological relationship between POI incidence and selected environmental indicators. Significant indicators were mapped. The results showed highly significant interregional differences in POI incidence (p<0.001). Statistically significant ecological relationships were observed between POI incidence and prevalence of active smoking (p=0.001), passive smoking (p=0.017) and consumption of vitamins (p=0.008). The results could be used in diminishing interregional differences in POI. It was concluded that mapping is an effective tool in public health research, especially in triggering new activities.

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