Othello as a play-within-the-film in post-independence Indian cinema1

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa García-Periago
Keyword(s):  
College Performance ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Racial Dynamics ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
A Site

This article aims to explore the appropriation of Othello as a play-within-the-film in three Indian movies: Anbu (Natesan 1953), Saptapadi (Kar 1961) and Ratha Thilagam (Mirasi 1963). Anbu and Ratha Thilagam are Tamil movies, whereas Saptapadi is an example of Bengali cinema. In the three films, the same scene from Shakespeare’s Othello – the murder scene – is performed as part of college theatricals. Although the films immediately associate Shakespeare with education, their appropriation of Othello goes beyond a college performance and provides insight on the main plot. The performance of the murder scene foreshadows the rest of the plot (Anbu and Ratha Thilagam), and explores racial dynamics and miscegenation in relation to the protagonists in Saptapadi. Anbu, Saptapadi and Ratha Thilagam introduce variations to the plot to add new layers of meaning. As the three films are set in postcolonial India, the use of the Shakespearean play inevitably becomes a site of negotiation between colonizers and colonized; the three films negotiate changing controversial political issues across the time period to which they all belong. Anbu, Saptapadi and Ratha Thilagam generate then a new understanding of Othello, which becomes paramount to trace the evolution of Shakespeare in postcolonial India.

scholarly journals Influences of Shading and Fall Fertilization on Fluorescence, Freeze Resistance, Flower Production and Growth of Rhododendron ×kurume ‘Pink Pearl’

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Frank P. Henning ◽  
Timothy J. Smalley ◽  
Orville M. Lindstrom ◽  
John M. Ruter
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Freeze Resistance ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Shade Cloth ◽  
Main Plot

We investigated the influences of fall fertilization and light intensity on photosynthesis and freeze resistance of Rhododendron ×kurume ‘Pink Pearl’, an evergreen azalea cultivar, grown outdoors in containers under nursery conditions. The study included two main-plot fall fertilization treatments: 1) 0.5 liter solution containing 75 mg·liter−1 N applied for 60 days from August 1 through September 29 and 2) 0.5 liter solution containing 125 mg·liter−1 N applied for 120 days from August 1 through November 28, and four subplot light intensity treatments 1) 100% ambient photon flux density (PPFD) from May 1, 2004, through May 1, 2005, 2) shade fabric rated to reduce PPFD by 50% from May 1 through September 30, 2004, followed by 100% PPFD from October 1, 2004, through May 1, 2005, 3) 100% PPFD from May 1 through September 30, 2004, followed by 50% PPFD from October 1, 2004, through May 1, 2005, and 4) 50% PPFD from May 1, 2004, through May 1, 2005. Fertilizer application and shade treatments did not interact in their effects on stem freeze resistance or the timing of anthesis. The high rate of extended fertigation (125 mg·liter−1 N applied August 1 through September 28) reduced freeze resistance of azalea stems and advanced anthesis by 4.9 days compared to plants that received moderate fertigation (75 mg·liter−1 N from August 1 through September 29). The high rate of extended fall fertigation failed to increase leaf or stem dry weight compared to plants that received the moderate rate of fertigation. Plants grown in 50% PPFD from May 1 through September 30 produced 163% more above ground dry weight compared to plants grown in 100% light during the same time period. The addition or removal of shade cloth beginning October 1 failed to enhance azalea stem freeze resistance compared to plants that were only exposed to 100 or 50% PPFD respectively. Shade treatments affected the chlorophyll fluorescence ratio (Fv · Fm−1) of leaves, but leaf fluorescence was unrelated to stem freeze resistance. Shade treatments affected azalea growth and photosynthetic stress, but shade neither interacted with fall fertilization to increase stem freeze resistance, nor had a biologically significant effect on stem freeze resistance.

Assessment of landslide hazard under combined loading

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 821-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tien H Wu
Keyword(s):  
Pore Pressure ◽  
Failure Probability ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Landslide Hazard ◽  
Combined Loading ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Root Reinforcement ◽  
Load Combination ◽  
Time Period ◽  
A Site

A method for assessing landslide hazard under combined loading is described. The loads are considered as pulses that occur randomly in time. The method accounts for the rate of occurrence and the duration of the loads and calculates the rate of coincidence of two or more loads. This is used to calculate the failure probability, which is equal to the probability that the load combination will exceed a threshold value during a given time period. The method was applied to a site in the Cascade Mountains of Washington. The loads considered include those as a result of gravity, pore pressure from infiltration of rainfall plus snowmelt, loss of root reinforcement through fire or logging, and earthquakes. The example demonstrates a rational approach that accounts for the properties of the loads and the different loading conditions that may be expected.Key words: earthquake, failure probability, landslide hazard, load coincidence, load combination, pore pressure, root reinforcement.

scholarly journals Quantified vegetation change over 42 years at Cape Hallett, East Antarctica

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Brabyn ◽  
C. Beard ◽  
R.D. Seppelt ◽  
E.D. Rudolph ◽  
R. Türk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Considerable Change ◽  
Gis Mapping ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Victoria Land ◽  
Mapping Techniques ◽  
A Site ◽  
Monitoring Change

This paper reports on the remapping of a carefully documented vegetation plot at Cape Hallett (72°19′S 170°16′E) to provide an assessment of the rates of vegetation change over decadal time scales. E.D. Rudolph, in 1962, mapped in detail the vegetation of a site approximately 28 m by 120 m at Cape Hallett, Victoria Land, Antarctica. This site was relocated and remapped in January 2004 and changes were assessed using GIS techniques. This appears to be the longest available time period for assessing vegetation change in Antarctica. The analysis indicated that considerable change had occurred in moss and algae distribution patterns and this seems to have been caused by increased water supply, particularly in wetter areas. There was also evidence of some change in lichen distribution. The extent of the change indicates that vegetation cover can be used for monitoring change in areas as extreme as the Ross Sea region. For this analysis to be successful it was important that the mapping techniques used were totally explicit and could easily be replicated. Fortunately, Rudolph had defined his cover classes and the site was also clearly marked. The application of GIS mapping techniques allows the mapping to be more explicitly defined and easily replicated.

scholarly journals The Epidemiology of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureuson a Burn Trauma Unit

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 1118-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marin Schweizer ◽  
Melissa Ward ◽  
Sandra Cobb ◽  
Jennifer McDanel ◽  
Laurie Leder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Academic Medical Center ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Burn Trauma ◽  
Trauma Unit ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Academic Medical ◽  
A Site ◽  
Mrsa Colonization

Objective.We assessed the frequency and relatedness of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) isolates to determine whether healthcare workers, the environment, or admitted patients could be a reservoir for MRSA on a burn trauma unit (BTU). We also assessed risk factors for MRSA colonization among BTU patients.Design.Prospective cohort study and surveillance for MRSA carriage.Setting.BTU of a Midwestern academic medical center.Patients and Participants.Patients admitted to a BTU from February 2009 through January 2010 and healthcare workers on this unit during the same time period.Methods.Samples for MRSA culture were collected on admission from the nares and wounds of all BTU patients. We also had collected culture samples from the throat, axilla, antecubital fossa, groin, and perianal area of 12 patients per month. Samples collected from healthcare workers' nares and from environmental sites were cultured quarterly. MRSA isolates were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.Results.Of 144 patients, 24 (17%) carried MRSA in their nares on admission. Male sex (odds ratio [OR], 5.51; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.25–24.30), admission for necrotizing fasciitis (OR, 7.66; 95% CI, 1.64–35.81), and MRSA colonization of a site other than the nares (OR, 23.40; 95% CI, 6.93–79.01) were independent predictors of MRSA nasal carriage. Cultures of samples collected from 4 healthcare workers and 4 environmental cultures had positive results. Two patients were colonized with strains that were indistinguishable from strains collected from a healthcare worker or the environment.Conclusions.Patients were a major reservoir for MRSA. Infection control efforts should focus on preventing transmission of MRSA from patients who are MRSA carriers to other patients on the unit.

scholarly journals Imagined as us-American: Patriotic Music, Religion, and Violence Post-9/11

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kwon
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Country Music ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Music Community ◽  
American National Identity ◽  
Song Lyrics ◽  
A Site ◽  
Christian Nation

With the common correlation of the patriotic music community to “America,” country music after 9/11, in many respects, could be seen as a site for the reinforcement and construction of American national identity. This article particularly explores the use of country music in the United States to represent and create a political ideology of “imagined” national identity in the time period between September 11, 2001 and the invasion of Iraq in the Spring of 2003. However, the nation, as imagined in these country song lyrics, has very specific dimensions. It is not just any nation. It is perceived (and valued, for that matter) as justifiably aggressive. It is a Christian nation defined in opposition to the Islamic “other.” This targeted racial and religious group is not just an outside foreign “other” but a heavily stigmatized foreigner from within their own country. The mapping of these particular concepts of nation and religion onto mainstream country music constitutes its primary imagined identity.

scholarly journals Shape Shifting Masculinities: Accounts of maleness in Indian man-to-animal transformation horror films

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
Mithuraaj Dhusiya
Keyword(s):  
Hegemonic Masculinity ◽  
Horror Films ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Hollywood Cinema ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Core Questions ◽  
A Site ◽  
Hindi Film

University of DelhiUnlike the werewolf myth, on which there is a significant corpus of takes in Hollywood cinema, Indian horror films abound in snake-, tiger- and gorillatransformations. Most of these shape-shifting monsters represent aberrant subjectivities that set in motion a cycle of destruction and redemption within these narratives. This article will explore how the male body in Indian horror films acts as a site of different bodily discourses that permits a reading of socio-cultural crises within the societal framework. Although there are almost a dozen Indian horror films to date that deal with such shape-shifting monsters, this article will limit itself to studying one Hindi film Jaani Dushman (1979, dir. Raj Kumar Kohli) and one Telugu film Punnami Naagu (1980, dir. A. Rajasekhar). The following core questions will be explored: do these narratives challenge the constructions of hegemonic masculinity? What departures from normative masculinity, if such a thing exists at all, take place? How do these narratives use horror codes and conventions to map the emergence of different types of masculinities? How can these bodily discourses be correlated with various contemporary socio-political issues of India?

scholarly journals Comparison of Static and Dynamic Analysis of Multi-Storied Building

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VIII) ◽  
pp. 441-444
Author(s):  
Arati Avinash Sabale
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Shear Wall ◽  
Seismic Zone ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Static And Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Gravity Load ◽  
Local Geology ◽  
A Site

Vibration of ground is the main cause of earthquake damage to building structures. There are many factors responsible for the strength of earthquake shaking at a site including the earthquake's magnitude, the site's proximity to the fault, the local geology, and the soil type. The natural disasters have been fast recurring all over the world causing great concern and damage to man and their properties. Among these disasters Earthquake is an endogenous natural disaster, which occurs suddenly without any warning. The vast devastation of engineering systems and facilities during the past earthquakes has exposed serious deficiencies in the prevalent design and construction. Shear wall is one of the most commonly used lateral load resisting in high rise buildings. Shear wall can be used to simultaneously resist large horizontal load and support gravity load. In the study, one tall RCC building of 13 stories is assumed to be situated in seismic zone V is analysed using two methods (Static and Dynamic Analysis). The share walls are taken at different position of building. The comparison of the different shear wall models is studied in this work against the different parameters like time period, bending moment, shear force, storey drift, displacement

scholarly journals PENGARUH LAMA SIMPAN PADA VIGOR BENIH DAN KECAMBAH SORGUM (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) GENOTIPE KAWALI DAN P/F-10-90A

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Iska Hartina Anggraini ◽  
Muhammad Kamal ◽  
Eko Pramono ◽  
Kukuh Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Storage Time ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Sprout Length ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Sorghum is a type of carbohydrate-producing serelia plant. Sorghum has a great potential to be developed in Indonesia.  Seed storing time is the time period of the seed storage before the seed is planted again, while the storage of the seed is carried out with the aim of maintaining seed viability in the save period for as long as possible and can be used for the next planting period.  The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of storage time on seed vigor and sprouts of Kawali and P/F-10-90A genotypes. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Seed and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung, Bandar Lampung which runs from February 2017 until February 2018. This study uses split plot design with 3 group replications. The main plot is the storage time (LS) that was consisted of 0, 4, 8 and 12 months storage time period. Subplot is genotype (G), which consists of Kawali (G1 ) and P / F-10-90A (G2). The results showed that seed vigor and sprouts decreased significantly at 4 and 8 months storage time with the percentage of dead seeds 16.7% and 40.7%, while the percentage of normal strong sprouts at 4 months amounted to 74% for genotype P/ F-10-90A  and 8 months 54% for genotype Kawali.  P/F-10 -90A genotypes have higher seed vigor and sprouts vigor compared to Kawali genotypes as indicated by dead seed variables, strong normal sprouts, normal sprout length canopy, long root primary roots, normal sprouts, dry weight normal sprouts, and normally strong sprouts. The effect of interaction  between storage time and genotype was shown by seed vigor of genotype P/F-10-90-A seedlings which were proven to be superior for 4, 8 and 12-month storage time period.  Excellence of genotype P/F-10-90-A make it can be stored and was allowed to be used as good seed on next season farming.

Lateral Reading and the Nature of Expertise: Reading Less and Learning More When Evaluating Digital Information

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
Sam Wineburg ◽  
Sarah McGrew
Keyword(s):  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Research Question ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Online Information ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Teacher Tenure ◽  
Web Credibility ◽  
Expert Novice ◽  
A Site

Background/Context The Internet has democratized access to information but in so doing has opened the floodgates to misinformation, fake news, and rank propaganda masquerading as dispassionate analysis. Despite mounting attention to the problem of online misinformation and growing agreement that digital literacy efforts are important, prior research offers few concrete ideas about what skilled evaluations look like. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study Our purpose in this study was to seek out those who are skilled in online evaluations in order to understand how their strategies and approaches to evaluating digital content might inform educational efforts. We sampled 45 experienced users of the Internet: 10 Ph.D. historians, 10 professional fact checkers, and 25 Stanford University undergraduates. Analysis focused on the strategies participants used to evaluate online information and arrive at judgments of credibility. Research Design In this expert/novice study, participants thought aloud as they evaluated live websites and searched for information on social and political issues such as bullying, minimum wage, and teacher tenure. We analyze and present findings from three of the tasks participants completed. Findings/Results Historians and students often fell victim to easily manipulated features of websites, such as official-looking logos and domain names. They read vertically, staying within a website to evaluate its reliability. In contrast, fact checkers read laterally, leaving a site after a quick scan and opening up new browser tabs in order to judge the credibility of the original site. Compared to the other groups, fact checkers arrived at more warranted conclusions in a fraction of the time. Conclusions/Recommendations We draw on insights gleaned from the fact checkers’ practices to examine current curricular approaches to teaching web credibility as well as to suggest alternatives.

scholarly journals THE ELEPHANT SHOOTING: COLONIAL LAW AND INDIRECT RULE IN KAOKO, NORTHWESTERN NAMIBIA, IN THE 1920s AND 1930s

2007 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
LORENA RIZZO
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Criminal Case ◽  
The South ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Sociopolitical Control ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
A Site ◽  
Indirect Rule

ABSTRACTThe law as a means of sociopolitical control in colonial states has gained significance as an issue in the recent historiography of Africa. This article discusses the making of a criminal case in colonial Kaoko, northwestern Namibia in the 1920s and 30s. It focuses on the problem of African voice and narrative and the ways in which they have been transformed into written evidence in the course of legal investigation. It demonstrates that the archival documents which emerged from this case require careful methodological scrutiny if they are to be used for the reconstruction of the region's past. It goes beyond colonial law as constituting a particular discourse to conceive colonial law as a space for intervention and agency for both colonized and colonizers. The central argument raised in the article is that while the South African administration in northwestern Namibia allegedly aimed at prosecuting culprits and securing evidence for their transgressions, men and women in Kaoko used colonial law as an arena for the negotiation of social and political issues. Concerned with the case's impact on the configuration of gender, the article shows how colonial law became both a site of male representation and power, and a space for female contestation of male claims to sociopolitical mastery.

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