scholarly journals Running it up the flagpole to see if anyone salutes: A response to Woodward on causal and explanatory asymmetries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina Elliott ◽  
Marc Lange
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Independence ◽  
Dependence Relations ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Fire Cause ◽  
Independence Relations

Does smoke cause fire or does fire cause smoke? James Woodward’s “Flagpoles anyone? Causal and explanatory asymmetries” argues that various statistical independence relations not only help us to uncover the directions of causal and explanatory relations in our world, but also are the worldly basis of causal and explanatory directions. We raise questions about Woodward’s envisioned epistemology, but our primary focus is on his metaphysics. We argue that any alleged connection between statistical (in)dependence and causal/explanatory direction is contingent, at best. The directions of causal/explanatory relations in our world seem not to depend on the statistical (in)dependence relations in our world (conceived of either as frequency patterns or as relations among chances). Thus, we doubt that statistical (in)dependence relations are the worldly basis of causal and explanatory directions.

What Does It Mean to Be Social? Defining the Social Landscape for Children With Childhood Apraxia of Speech

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 843-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Tarshis ◽  
Michelle Garcia Winner ◽  
Pamela Crooke
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Social Goals ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Social Competencies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Landscape ◽  
Communication Challenges ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Speech Motor

Purpose What does it mean to be social? In addition, how is that different from behaving socially appropriately? The purpose of this clinical focus article is to tackle these two questions along with taking a deeper look into how communication challenges in childhood apraxia of speech impact social competencies for young children. Through the lens of early social development and social competency, this clinical focus article will explore how speech motor challenges can impact social development and what happens when young learners miss early opportunities to grow socially. While not the primary focus, the clinical focus article will touch upon lingering issues for individuals diagnosed with childhood apraxia of speech as they enter the school-aged years. Conclusion Finally, it will address some foundational aspects of intervention and offer ideas and suggestions for structuring therapy to address both speech and social goals.

Audiology Service Models in a Family Physician Practice Setting

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sridhar Krishnamurti
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Practice Patterns ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Practice Setting ◽  
Pediatric Populations ◽  
Family Practice Physicians ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Balance Problems

This article illustrates the potential of placing audiology services in a family physician’s practice setting to increase referrals of geriatric and pediatric patients to audiologists. The primary focus of family practice physicians is the diagnosis/intervention of critical systemic disorders (e.g., cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer). Hence concurrent hearing/balance disorders are likely to be overshadowed in such patients. If audiologists get referrals from these physicians and have direct access to diagnose and manage concurrent hearing/balance problems in these patients, successful audiology practice patterns will emerge, and there will be increased visibility and profitability of audiological services. As a direct consequence, audiological services will move into the mainstream of healthcare delivery, and the profession of audiology will move further towards its goals of early detection and intervention for hearing and balance problems in geriatric and pediatric populations.

The Constructive Thinking Inventory: Factorial Structure in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Chronic Skin Diseases

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Hoyer ◽  
Mechthild Averbeck ◽  
Thomas Heidenreich ◽  
Ulrich Stangier ◽  
Karin Pöhlmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Statistical Independence ◽  
Constructive Thinking ◽  
Global Factor ◽  
Emotional Coping ◽  
Factor Congruence ◽  
Chronic Skin ◽  
Chronic Skin Diseases

Epstein's “Constructive Thinking Inventory” (CTI) was developed to measure the construct of experiential intelligence, which is based on his cognitive-experiential self-theory. Inventory items were generated by sampling naturally occurring automatic cognitions. Using principal component analysis, the findings showed a global factor of coping ability as well as six main factors: Emotional Coping, Behavioral Coping, Categorical Thinking, Personal Superstitious Thinking, Esoteric Thinking, and Naive Optimism. We tested the replicability of this factor structure and the amount of statistical independence (nonredundancy) between these factors in an initial study of German students (Study 1, N = 439) and in a second study of patients with chronic skin disorders (Study 2, N = 187). Factor congruence with the original (American) data was determined using a formula proposed by Schneewind and Cattell (1970) . Our findings show satisfactory factor congruence and statistical independence for Emotional Coping and Esoteric Thinking in both studies, while full replicability or independence could not be found in both for the other factors. Implications for the use and further development of the CTI are discussed.

What’s Good for George Sánchez Is Good for Boyle Heights: Regenerative Scholarship, Urban Racism, Gentrification, and East LA Interchange

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert Estrada
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Urban Pollution ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Award Winning ◽  
Boyle Heights ◽  
Good For ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Deed Restrictions ◽  
Class Community

The inclusive ideals of George Sánchez have helped shape a new generation of academics who have promoted connections with nonacademic organizations. This article discusses how Sánchez has continued these efforts through his pivotal contributions to an award-winning documentary focusing on the multiethnic, working-class community of Boyle Heights: Betsy Kalin’s film East LA Interchange (2015). East LA Interchange’s greatest contribution to the generative scholarship Sánchez emphasizes is its critical analysis of modern urban problems, utilizing history as a tool for social change. The story of Boyle Heights is not just a history of a single working-class community with a diverse culture. It is also a tale of a neighborhood trying to solve real world problems such as gentrification, unaffordable housing, community displacement, and urban pollution. The film portrays these difficulties in the present while showing that they originated decades ago. Sánchez and East LA Interchange are at their best when they provide the historical contexts of contemporary problems, emphasizing that history is not only the study of the past. Rather, history is the unending dialogue between the past, present, and future, and any significant discourse on today’s urban ills must be rooted in the past. For students and others interested in the diverse communities common in many US metropolitan regions, East LA Interchange has much to offer regarding the issues of immigration, redlining, deed restrictions, political activism, freeway construction, living with racially and ethnically diverse community members, and the nationwide problem of gentrification. These themes, especially gentrification, are the primary focus of this article.

Designing an Energy Efficient Scheme in MANET using Reconfigurable Directional (RDA) Algorithm

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Rinkle Chhabra ◽  
Anuradha Saini
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Setup Time ◽  
Directional Antennas ◽  
Directional Antenna ◽  
Efficient Scheme ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Energy Gains ◽  
Insight Into

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) are autonomous, infrastructure less and self-configuring networks. MANETs has gained lots of popularity due to on the fly deployment i.e. small network setup time and ability to provide communication in obstreperous terrains. Major challenges in MANETs include routing, energy efficiency, network topology control, security etc. Primary focus in this article is to provide method and algorithm to ensure significant energy savings using re-configurable directional antennas. Significant energy gains can be clinched using directional antenna. Key challenges while using directional antenna are to find destination location, antenna focusing, signal power and distance calculations. Re-configurable directional antenna can ensure significant energy gains if used intelligently. This article provides a brief insight into improved energy savings using re-configurable directional antennas and an associated algorithm

Examining the entry of Walmart into South Africa: A stakeholder management perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-89
Author(s):  
Tembinkosi Bonakele ◽  
Dave Beaty ◽  
Fathima Rasool ◽  
Drikus Kriek
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Stakeholder Management ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Management Perspective ◽  
Labour Standards ◽  
History Of ◽  
Primary Focus

The recent entry of the US multinational Walmart into South Africa has proved to be a source of controversy. Key stakeholders in South Africa objected to the merger and attempted to block it unless certain conditions were met. The aim of this study was to examine the controversy and the conditions surrounding the merger. The research employed a qualitative archival analysis to examine publicly available sources of information with regard to the merger. The findings revealed key stakeholders’ concerns that Walmart’s entry would lead to an increase in imports which would displace local producers, increase unemployment, marginalise trade unions and lower labour standards unless certain conditions were met. The results also revealed problems relating to the firm’s primary focus on “business” while neglecting “public interest” issues, naively relying on their “local retailer” to manage key stakeholders, and assuming that their perceived controversial reputation regarding treatment of trade unions and their views about unemployment as well as the controversies surrounding their history of entry into other global markets would not have the major negative impact it did on stakeholders in South Africa.

A New Ancient Middle Eastern Chronological Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem McLoud
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Total Period ◽  
The Third ◽  
Primary Focus

In this paper, I argue for a new ancient Middle Eastern chronology in which the Mesopotamian “high” chronology is used in correlation with K. A. Kitchen’s “low” chronology for the Egyptian Twelfth Dynasty. Although my primary focus is on the Akkadian empire and the Fifth and Sixth Dynasties in Egypt, I also show that this chronological reconciliation obtains widespread consistency with data over the total period of Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilisation throughout the third and second millennia B.C. I also discuss the Hebrew chronology in the framework of this new ME chronology.

Markets, Technological Change and Economic Growth (The Quaid-i-Azam Lecture)

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (4I) ◽  
pp. 327-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard G. Lipsey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
The United States ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Canadian Institute ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Short Time

I am honoured to be invited to give this lecture before so distinguished an audience of development economists. For the last 21/2 years I have been director of a project financed by the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research and composed of a group of scholars from Canada, the United States, and Israel.I Our brief is to study the determinants of long term economic growth. Although our primary focus is on advanced industrial countries such as my own, some of us have come to the conclusion that there is more common ground between developed and developing countries than we might have first thought. I am, however, no expert on development economics so I must let you decide how much of what I say is applicable to economies such as your own. Today, I will discuss some of the grand themes that have arisen in my studies with our group. In the short time available, I can only allude to how these themes are rooted in our more detailed studies. In doing this, I must hasten to add that I speak for myself alone; our group has no corporate view other than the sum of our individual, and very individualistic, views.

Analysis of occupational pathology physician competencies as part of professional standard development

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 925-935
Author(s):  
Evgeny E. Shigan ◽  
Lyudmila M. Saarkoppel' ◽  
Pavel V. Serebryakov ◽  
Irina N. Fedina
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Medicine ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Professional Standard ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
On Line ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Line Survey ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Standard Development

Improving professional training and optimizing the work of doctors who provide medical care to patients who come into contact with harmful occupational factors require the approval of a professional standard for the occupational pathology physician. The purpose of the study was to analyze the opinion of the professional community about the importance of various labor functions and labor actions, priority knowledge and skills of occupational pathologists in the development of a professional standard. To achieve this goal, an on-line survey of physicians in occupational pathology and occupational medicine was conducted. Analysis of the survey results showed that the significance of professional competencies is evaluated by specialists to varying degrees. Primary focus is on examination of professional suitability and the link between diseases and the profession. However, correlations of competencies of various blocks indicate the importance of all areas of work of a professional pathologist, which should be taken into account when training specialists in this profile.

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