«A Baptism of Fire»: Towards a Practical Hybrid Approach for the Lexicographic Indexation of Phraseological Units with Religious Lexical Components in English and Spanish

Traditionally, researchers have had a particular interest in the study of the relationship between phraseology and lexicography [e.g., Alonso Ramos (2006); Mellado Blanco (2008); Buendía Castro and Faber (2015); Paquot (2015); Nuccorini (2020)] to the point of having labeled it a «scientific marriage» (Leroyer 2006). In addition, scholars have been increasingly interested in the semantic analysis of phraseological units (henceforth PUs) [e.g., Grčić Simeunović and de Santiago (2016) and Torijano and Recio (2019)]. Among the problems that these and several other studies have pointed out, there is the recurrent reference to inaccuracy and difficulty in indexing PUs in lexicographic resources. Although some scholars consider onomasiological approaches as an interesting starting point [e.g., Bosque (2017) and Siepmann (2008)], a systematic methodology in phraseology that includes both the semantical analysis of the entries and their indexation is still needed. We intend to address that need here through the analysis of 242 idioms (199 in Spanish and 43 in English) extracted from a 21,045-idiom database that was compiled from two phraseological dictionaries: the Diccionario fraseológico documentado del español actual (henceforth DFDEA) (Seco, Andrés et al., 2004), and the Collins COBUILD Dictionary of Idioms (henceforth CCDOI) (Sinclair and Moon 1997). The criteria employed to select the resulting analysis units were: (i) they had to include at least one lexical component related to religion, and (ii) the idiom had to be nominal or verbal. The religious component was identified semi-automatically by using the UCREL’s Semantic Analysis System (USAS) (Archer et al., 2002). The contributions of this paper are as follows: (i) it presents a lexicographic analysis of the macrostructure and microstructure of the two phraseological resources previously mentioned, (ii) it offers a model of semantic analysis for PUs with religion-related components, (iii) it proposes an alternative indexation method of PUs in lexicographic resources involving semasiological and onomasiological approaches; and finally, (iv) it shows a systematic way to use semantic and pragmatic information in order to create semantic entries for PUs. In conclusion, by closely examining said set of phraseological entries, this study sheds light on the semantic composition of Pus. It also suggests a systematic hybrid approach for their lexicographic indexation in English and Spanish.

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THE ARABIC LOANWORDS IN EDUCATION TERMINOLOGY: LINGUISTIC AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

The Light of Islam ◽

10.47980/tloi/2020/4/16 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 138-146

Author(s):

NARGIZA RASHIDOVA

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Education System ◽

Semantic Analysis ◽

Arabic Language ◽

Semantic Relations ◽

Semantic Composition ◽

Regulatory Documents ◽

Frequent Use ◽

Linguistic Units ◽

The Relationship

This article describes one of the methods for studying the lexical and semantic composition of the language. This method allows determining the number of linguistic units, their frequency and classifes them by proceeding from the basic types of semantic relations. Statistical and semantic analysis of a language enables us to determine the relationship between the original and borrowed parts of the vocabulary of the language. A part of the vocabulary of the Uzbek language, which consisted of Arabic and Persian words in the period of the 30-90s, was replaced by Russian-international borrowings. This article is devoted to the coverage of the method of linguisticstatistical analysis of borrowed Arabic words used in the education system of Uzbekistan. Besides, we conducted their statistical analysis. We have extracted Arabic words – Nouns used in education from the dictionary of the Uzbek language. Also, compound verbs were extracted, one of the components of which is borrowed from the Arabic language. We have examined 397 lexical units used in the feld of education borrowed from the Arabic language. We have studied them in terms of their frequency. We have made a statistical analysis based on the dictionary of the Uzbek language and regulatory documents on education. The reasons for the frequent use of Arabic lexemes in education determined. We divided borrowings from the Arabic language into groups according to their semantic and lexical characteristics

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Imagery and Metaphorical Space of the Term in the Language of Scientific Texts by V. Vinogradov

Russian language at school ◽

10.30515/0131-6141-2018-79-9-61-66 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 79 (9) ◽

pp. 61-66

Author(s):

N. V. Khalikovа

Keyword(s):

Historical Context ◽

Semantic Structure ◽

Scientific Thinking ◽

Scientific Texts ◽

Basic Term ◽

Pragmatic Information ◽

The Creation ◽

The Relationship

The article considers the functions of the system of verbal imagery’s in the creation of the scientific style of V.V. Vinogradov. The figurativeness of basic, background and metaphorical terms is described. The semantic structure of the image of the basic term «style» is analyzed, figurative paradigms of the concepts Language, Speech and Style are revealed. The article shows the relationship between scientific thinking and metaphorical style, the role of sustainable cognitive metaphors in the creation, storage and transfer of pragmatic information and the creation of a cultural and historical context.

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CYBERCHONDRIA INFORMATION CLINIC: Internet's Impact on your Health (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.14507 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Valentina Escotet Espinoza

Keyword(s):

Human Life ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Physical Symptoms ◽

Digital Design ◽

Somatization Disorder ◽

The Internet ◽

Cultural Aspects ◽

Starting Point ◽

The Right ◽

The Relationship

UNSTRUCTURED Over half of Americans report looking up health-related questions on the internet, including questions regarding their own ailments. The internet, in its vastness of information, provides a platform for patients to understand how to seek help and understand their condition. In most cases, this search for knowledge serves as a starting point to gather evidence that leads to a doctor’s appointment. However, in some cases, the person looking for information ends up tangled in an information web that perpetuates anxiety and further searches, without leading to a doctor’s appointment. The Internet can provide helpful and useful information; however, it can also be a tool for self-misdiagnosis. Said person craves the instant gratification the Internet provides when ‘googling’ – something one does not receive when having to wait for a doctor’s appointment or test results. Nevertheless, the Internet gives that instant response we demand in those moments of desperation. Cyberchondria, a term that has entered the medical lexicon in the 21st century after the advent of the internet, refers to the unfounded escalation of people’s concerns about their symptomatology based on search results and literature online. ‘Cyberchondriacs’ experience mistrust of medical experts, compulsion, reassurance seeking, and excessiveness. Their excessive online research about health can also be associated with unnecessary medical expenses, which primarily arise from anxiety, increased psychological distress, and worry. This vicious cycle of searching information and trying to explain current ailments derives into a quest for associating symptoms to diseases and further experiencing the other symptoms of said disease. This psychiatric disorder, known as somatization, was first introduced to the DSM-III in the 1980s. Somatization is a psycho-biological disorder where physical symptoms occur without any palpable organic cause. It is a disorder that has been renamed, discounted, and misdiagnosed from the beginning of the DSMs. Somatization triggers span many mental, emotional, and cultural aspects of human life. Our environment and social experiences can lay the blueprint for disorders to develop over time; an idea that is widely accepted for underlying psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety. The research is going in the right direction by exploring brain regions but needs to be expanded on from a sociocultural perspective. In this work, we explore the relationship between somatization disorder and the condition known as cyberchondria. First, we provide a background on each of the disorders, including their history and psychological perspective. Second, we proceed to explain the relationship between the two disorders, followed by a discussion on how this relationship has been studied in the scientific literature. Thirdly, we explain the problem that the relationship between these two disorders creates in society. Lastly, we propose a set of intervention aids and helpful resource prototypes that aim at resolving the problem. The proposed solutions ranged from a site-specific clinic teaching about cyberchondria to a digital design-coded chrome extension available to the public.

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On Shaky Ground? Exploring the Contingent Fundamentality Thesis

10.1093/oso/9780198755630.003.0015 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Nathan Wildman

Keyword(s):

Possible World ◽

Starting Point ◽

The Relationship ◽

Shaky Ground

The relationship between fundamentality and modality remains criminally underexplored. In particular, there are several significant questions about fundamentality’s modal strength that remain unanswered. For example, if something is fundamental is it necessarily so? That is, could something be fundamental in one possible world and derivative in another? And how would the acceptance of contingent fundamentality square with commitments to contingentism (or, for that matter, necessitism) about the existence of the fundamentalia? Chapter 14 makes some headway towards addressing these questions. It does so by exploring the contingent fundamentality thesis, according to which it is possible that something is possibly fundamental and possibly derivative. In this way, the chapter represents a starting point for examining broader issues about the relationship between fundamentality and modality.

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Is Hip Muscle Strength Associated with Dynamic Knee Valgus in a Healthy Adult Population? A Systematic Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18147669 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (14) ◽

pp. 7669

Author(s):

Ali Mohammed Alzahrani ◽

Msaad Alzhrani ◽

Saeed Nasser Alshahrani ◽

Wael Alghamdi ◽

Mazen Alqahtani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Adult Population ◽

Knee Valgus ◽

Journal Articles ◽

Hip Muscle ◽

Hip Abductor ◽

Hip Muscles ◽

Analysis System ◽

The Relationship ◽

External Rotator

This study aimed to systematically review research investigating the association between hip muscle strength and dynamic knee valgus (DKV). Four databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus) were searched for journal articles published from inception to October 2020. Seven studies investigating the association between hip muscle strength and DKV using a two-dimensional motion analysis system in healthy adults were included. The relationship between hip abductor muscle strength and DKV was negatively correlated in two studies, positively correlated in two studies, and not correlated in three studies. The DKV was associated with reduced hip extensor muscle strength in two studies and reduced hip external rotator muscle strength in two studies, while no correlation was found in three and five studies for each muscle group, respectively. The relationship between hip muscle strength, including abductors, extensors, and external rotators and DKV is conflicting. Considering the current literature limitations and variable methodological approaches used among studies, the clinical relevance of such findings should be interpreted cautiously. Therefore, future studies are recommended to measure the eccentric strength of hip muscles, resembling muscular movement during landing. Furthermore, high-demand and sufficiently challenging functional tasks revealing lower limb kinematic differences, such as cutting and jumping tasks, are recommended for measuring the DKV.

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A Human Machine Hybrid Approach for Systematic Reviews and Maps in International Development and Social Impact Sectors

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12081027 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 1027

Author(s):

Murat Sartas ◽

Sarah Cummings ◽

Alessandra Garbero ◽

Akmal Akramkhanov

Keyword(s):

International Development ◽

Systematic Reviews ◽

Digital Literacy ◽

Social Impact ◽

Semantic Analysis ◽

Hybrid Approach ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Societal Relevance ◽

Lexical Databases ◽

Very High

The international development and social impact evidence community is divided about the use of machine-centered approaches in carrying out systematic reviews and maps. While some researchers argue that machine-centered approaches such as machine learning, artificial intelligence, text mining, automated semantic analysis, and translation bots are superior to human-centered ones, others claim the opposite. We argue that a hybrid approach combining machine and human-centered elements can have higher effectiveness, efficiency, and societal relevance than either approach can achieve alone. We present how combining lexical databases with dictionaries from crowdsourced literature, using full texts instead of titles, abstracts, and keywords. Using metadata sets can significantly improve the current practices of systematic reviews and maps. Since the use of machine-centered approaches in forestry and forestry-related reviews and maps are rare, the gains in effectiveness, efficiency, and relevance can be very high for the evidence base in forestry. We also argue that the benefits from our hybrid approach will increase in time as digital literacy and better ontologies improve globally.

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Influence of Selected Model Parameters on the Electromagnetic Levitation Melting Efficiency

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11093827 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 3827

Author(s):

Blazej Nycz ◽

Lukasz Malinski ◽

Roman Przylucki

Keyword(s):

Electromagnetic Levitation ◽

Optimization Methods ◽

Calculation Model ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Starting Point ◽

Low Efficiency ◽

The Relationship ◽

Reactive Metals ◽

Electromagnetic Levitation Melting ◽

Metal Melting

The article presents the results of multivariate calculations for the levitation metal melting system. The research had two main goals. The first goal of the multivariate calculations was to find the relationship between the basic electrical and geometric parameters of the selected calculation model and the maximum electromagnetic buoyancy force and the maximum power dissipated in the charge. The second goal was to find quasi-optimal conditions for levitation. The choice of the model with the highest melting efficiency is very important because electromagnetic levitation is essentially a low-efficiency process. Despite the low efficiency of this method, it is worth dealing with it because is one of the few methods that allow melting and obtaining alloys of refractory reactive metals. The research was limited to the analysis of the electromagnetic field modeled three-dimensionally. From among of 245 variants considered in the article, the most promising one was selected characterized by the highest efficiency. This variant will be a starting point for further work with the use of optimization methods.

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Ontology and Perception

Essays in Philosophy ◽

10.5840/eip20045135 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 43-58

Author(s):

Jeffrey S. Galko ◽

Keyword(s):

Common Sense ◽

The Other ◽

Cognitive Capacity ◽

Complex Environment ◽

Starting Point ◽

Ontological Question ◽

The One ◽

Bodies Of Water ◽

The Relationship

The ontological question of what there is, from the perspective of common sense, is intricately bound to what can be perceived. The above observation, when combined with the fact that nouns within language can be divided between nouns that admit counting, such as ‘pen’ or ‘human’, and those that do not, such as ‘water’ or ‘gold’, provides the starting point for the following investigation into the foundations of our linguistic and conceptual phenomena. The purpose of this paper is to claim that such phenomena are facilitated by, on the one hand, an intricate cognitive capacity, and on the other by the complex environment within which we live. We are, in a sense, cognitively equipped to perceive discrete instances of matter such as bodies of water. This equipment is related to, but also differs from, that devoted to the perception of objects such as this computer. Behind this difference in cognitive equipment underlies a rich ontology, the beginnings of which lies in the distinction between matter and objects. The following paper is an attempt to make explicit the relationship between matter and objects and also provide a window to our cognition of such entities.

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Power, Agency, Relationality and Welfare Practice

Journal of Social Policy ◽

10.1017/s0047279415000318 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 687-705 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

RACHAEL DOBSON

Keyword(s):

Social Policy ◽

Practice Research ◽

Social Worlds ◽

Social Phenomena ◽

Working Through ◽

Starting Point ◽

The Social ◽

The Individual ◽

The Relationship

AbstractThis article argues that constructions of social phenomena in social policy and welfare scholarship think about the subjects and objects of welfare practice in essentialising ways, with negativistic effects for practitioners working in ‘regulatory’ contexts such as housing and homelessness practice. It builds into debates about power, agency, social policy and welfare by bringing psychosocial and feminist theorisations of relationality to practice research. It claims that relational approaches provide a starting point for the analysis of empirical practice data, by working through the relationship between the individual and the social via an ontological unpicking and revisioning of practitioners' social worlds.

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Is Jesus my Superhero?

Journal of Youth and Theology ◽

10.1163/24055093-90000169 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 64-76

Author(s):

Andy Stirrup

Keyword(s):

Youth Ministry ◽

Near East ◽

Starting Point ◽

The Creation ◽

Christian Apologetics ◽

The Relationship

This paper considers an implicit trend in youth ministry to present Jesus as the archetypal superhero and asks if this is a valid and a helpful approach. The paper examines the relationship between the biblical category of hero and the contemporary notion of superhero and a broader appreciation of the use of myth for communicating Christian apologetics as seen in Lewis and Tolkien. The starting point for the paper is that an arguable starting point for the creation of Superman is in the epic character of Hercules and the biblical hero Samson. Through an examination of biblical and other Near East material the paper calls for a deeper and more nuanced appreciation of the relevance of modern western myth in the task of communicating theological narratives and concepts.

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