scholarly journals The hematobiochemical status of Wistar rat line under the bovine leukemia virus experimental infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-388
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Sergeevna Krasnikova ◽  
Fayssal Bouchemla ◽  
Alexander Vladimirovich Krasnikov ◽  
Roman Vladimirovich Radionov ◽  
Anastasia Sergeevna Belyakova
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Leukemia Virus ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Group I

Aim: This study aimed to elucidate the ability of the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) to integrate into cells of heterologous organisms, in particular, Wistar rats, and examine the manifestations of the pathological process that could be seen in them. Materials and Methods: Wistar rats - were divided into three groups. The first group (I) was fed milk of intact cows, the second (II) - milk of BLV-infected cows, and the third (III) - milk of cows, clinically BLV sick. Rats of all groups were divided into two subgroups: In the subgroup "a", there were adult rats, and in the subgroup "b", their offspring were included. At 3, 6, 9, and 12 months from the start of the experiment, the animals' blood of each group was examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the presence of BLV provirus and specific anti-leukemia antibodies. A general and biochemical blood test was performed; pathological changes in the internal organs were recorded. Results: Using the PCR, the BLV infection was established in all experimental rats, whose immune response was expressed in varying degrees. At the initial stage of the infection, offspring rats were born healthy. The rats of the control groups Ia and Ib were intact to the BLV throughout the experiment. The biochemical blood tests have shown several signs of intoxication, endocrine disorders, and development of malignant processes in the experimental animals. There are also signs of liver, kidney, and myocardial damages, regardless of whether milk is infected or the cows are clinically leukemic. By the time, the experimental rats developed persistent thrombocytosis with an increase in the average volume of the blood platelets, which may be evidence of the leukemia infection by the megakaryocytic type. The most pronounced character of the change was in the offspring generation. Conclusion: Wistar rats can be considered as a suitable laboratory model to study the BLV pathogenesis. Rats are not BLV natural host, however, they developed the pathognomonic BLV infection symptoms when they were fed infected and leukemic cow's milk.

scholarly journals Bovine leukemia virus seroprevalence among cattle presented for slaughter in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 704-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando V. Bauermann ◽  
Julia F. Ridpath ◽  
David A. Dargatz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bovine Leukemia Virus ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
The United States ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
Mountain West

Infection with bovine leukemia virus (BLV) results in economic loss because of reduced productivity, especially reduced milk production, and early culling. In the United States, studies in 1996, 1999, and 2007 showed BLV infection to be widespread, especially in dairy herds. We updated information herein on BLV seroprevalence in the United States, using samples submitted for testing and found negative for antibodies for Brucella by the Kentucky Eastern Regional Federal Brucellosis Laboratory. From October 2014 through August 2015, 2,000 samples from all regions of the contiguous United States were selected and tested for BLV antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The overall percentage of samples positive for BLV antibody was 38.6%. Based on the animal’s origin, the percent positive by region ranged from 32.5% (Mountain West region) to 54.3% (Northeast region; p < 0.05). The positive rate for slaughter plants that processed mainly dairy animals (dairy plants; 47.6%) was higher than the positive rate at slaughter plants that processed mainly beef animals (beef plants; 33.6%; p < 0.05). The results suggest that BLV infection remains widespread in all regions of the United States and that rates may differ between beef and dairy cattle.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a New Antibody-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Detection of Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection in Dairy Cattle

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 451-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo E. Monti ◽  
Klaas Frankena ◽  
Bas Engel ◽  
Willem Buist ◽  
Héctor D. Tarabla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Bovine Leukemia Virus ◽  
Conditional Independence ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Latent Class Model ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Conditional Dependence

The objective of this study was to validate a new blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (designated M108 for milk and S108 for serum samples) for detecting bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection in dairy cattle. Milk, serum, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid–blood samples were collected from 524 adult Holstein cows originating from 6 dairy herds in Central Argentina. The M108 and S108 were compared with agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID), polymerase chain reaction and a commercial ELISA. Because there is currently no reference test capable of serving as a gold standard, the test sensitivity (SE) and specificity (SP) were evaluated by the use of a latent class model. Statistical inference was performed by classical maximum likelihood and by Bayesian techniques. The maximum-likelihood analysis was performed assuming conditional independence of tests, whereas the Bayesian approach allowed for conditional dependence. No clear conclusion could be drawn about conditional dependence of tests. Results with maximum likelihood (under conditional independence) and posterior Bayes (under conditional dependence) were practically the same. Conservative estimates of SE and SP (with 95% confidence intervals) for M108 were 98.6 (96.7; 99.6) and 96.7 (92.9; 98.8) and for S108 99.5 (98.2; 99.9) and 95.4 (90.9; 98.1), respectively. The ELISA 108 using either milk or serum to detect BLV-infected animals had comparable SE and SP with the official AGID and a commercial ELISA test, which are currently the most widely accepted tests for the serological diagnosis of BLV infection. Therefore, ELISA 108 can be used as an alternative test in monitoring and control programs.

scholarly journals Phlebotrophic Effect of Graptophyllum Pictum (L.) Griff on Experimental Wistar Hemorrhoids

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mario Sadar Bernitho Hutagalung
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Anal Verge ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Random Allocation ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean

Background : The 1st and 2nd degree hemorrhoids is managed non-operatively with the anti-inflammatory and plebothropic drugs. Graptophyllum pictum extract (GPE) has already been used widely in Indonesia to treat hemorrhoid with good result, however, the mechanism is not supported by the molecular research.Objective : This study is intended to study the phlebothropic effects of GPE by measuring the degree of edema and extravassal leucocytes of experimental wistar hemorrhoid.Methods : Experimental study with Randomized Controlled Trial Post-test only design in male wistar rats, weight around 200 gr, induced for the development of a disease-like condition of hemorrhoids by 6% croton oil on the anus for 3 days. Random allocation was performed to divide the 14 wistar rats in 2 groups. Group I as control got normal saline solution, while group II was treated with GPE 100mg/kgbw, started on day 4th for 5 consecutive days. On 9th day blood was extracted from retroorbital fossa and anus was resected up to 2 cm from anal verge and weighted. The degree of anal edema was measured by rectoanal coefficient, that is rasio between anal weight (miligrams) and body weight (grams).Results : Until the end of study, all wistar rat were still alive. The mean (±SD) of body weight   of control group was 173.84 ­(±13.37) and the treatment group was 171.70  (±13.10), and there was no significant differences (p = 0.833). The mean (±SD) of rectoanal coefficient in the treatment group was 2.46 (±0.41) and it was significantly lower than control group  (3.13 ± 0.85) (p = 0.029). The mean (±SD) of extravassal leukocytes in the treatment group was 900.14(±48.09) and it was significantly lower than the control (1003.28 ± 99.30) (p = 0.042).Conclusions : Graptophyllum pictum extract at doses of 100 mg/Kgbw have phlebotonic effect  in decreased edema and extravassal leukocytes.

scholarly journals To compare the blood pressure and heart rate during course of various types of anesthesia in wistar rat: A novel experiences

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 37-39
Author(s):  
Jagdish Narayan ◽  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Ankit Gupta ◽  
Sunita Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
The Awakening ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Thiopental Sodium

Background: Rats are commonly used animals in development of newer drugs, rectification of toxicity and to record the various alterations in physiological parameters following pharmacological and non pharmacological interventions.Aim and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the best physiological window during anesthesia. Therefore, we compared the effect of anesthesia using combination of ketamine and xylazine (KX) and thiopental sodium (intraperitoneally) on blood pressure and heart rate in adult male Wistar rats. Material and Methods: Twelve, male Wistar rats with a mean body weight of 260 ± 15 g were acquired. Thiopental sodium and cocktail of ketamine and xylazine (KX) were administered (ip) in group- I and group-II respectively. The systolic blood pressure and heart rate was recorded in both the groups till the awakening phase.Results: We found that there was a constant SBP and HR in Ketamine/Xylezine groups that are from 30 to 90 minutes after injection of anesthesia while this window was not observed in thiopental group.Conclusion: Our study concludes that the best time to observe the effect of newer drug during period between 30- 90 minutes after anesthesia.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.9(6) 2018 37-39

scholarly journals Relationship between Allelic Heterozygosity in BoLA-DRB3 and Proviral Loads in Bovine Leukemia Virus-Infected Cattle

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 647
Author(s):  
Hala El Daous ◽  
Shuya Mitoma ◽  
Eslam Elhanafy ◽  
Huyen Thi Nguyen ◽  
Ngan Thi Mai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Bovine Leukemia Virus ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Neoplastic Disease ◽  
Infected Cattle ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Enzootic bovine leukosis is a lethal neoplastic disease caused by bovine leukemia virus (BLV), belongs to family Retroviridae. The BLV proviral load (PVL) represents the quantity of BLV genome that has integrated into the host’s genome in BLV-infected cells. Bovine leukocyte antigen (BoLA) class II allelic polymorphisms are associated with PVLs in BLV-infected cattle. We sought to identify relationships between BoLA-DRB3 allelic heterozygosity and BLV PVLs among different cattle breeds. Blood samples from 598 BLV-infected cattle were quantified to determine their PVLs by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results were confirmed by a BLV-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction identified 22 BoLA-DRB3 alleles. Multivariate negative binomial regression modeling was used to test for associations between BLV PVLs and BoLA-DRB3 alleles. BoLA-DRB3.2*3, *7, *8, *11, *22, *24, and *28 alleles were significantly associated with low PVLs. BoLA-DRB3.2*10 was significantly associated with high PVLs. Some heterozygous allele combinations were associated with low PVLs (*3/*28, *7/*8, *8/*11, *10/*11, and *11/*16); others were associated with high PVLs (*1/*41, *10/*16, *10/*41, *16/*27, and *22/*27). Interestingly, the BoLA-DRB3.2*11 heterozygous allele was always strongly and independently associated with low PVLs. This is the first reported evidence of an association between heterozygous allelic combinations and BLV PVLs.

scholarly journals Sero-Prevalence of Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection in Kosovo Cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-183
Author(s):  
Valdet Gjinovci ◽  
Armend Cana ◽  
Mentor Alishani ◽  
Dafina Mehmetukaj ◽  
Nick Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Leukemia Virus ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
The South ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
The North ◽  
Eradication Strategy ◽  
Starting Point

AbstractA cross-sectional survey was conducted in Kosovo to determine the presence and prevalence of bovine leukemia virus antibodies in cattle. A total of 5,051 serum samples from 315 villages were collected during 2016. Samples were tested using commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. At least one sero-positive animal was found in 55 (17.5%) of the villages sampled, of which 23 had more than one sero-positive detected. Overall individual sero-prevalence, corrected for geographic distribution of samples, was found to be 2.26% (95% c.i. 1.62% to 3.04%). There were no statistically significant associations between serological status and herd size or age of animal, although sero-prevalence in 5-year-old cattle was higher than in the other ages. There was a statistical significant heterogeneity in sero-prevalence between different geographic zones of Kosovo (chi-square value = 20.68 (4 d.f.); (p=0.0004). Pairwise comparisons showed that sero-prevalence in the south was significantly higher than in the east and in the north and sero-prevalence in the west was significantly higher than in the north. The 3.11% aggregated sero-prevalence for the two highest sero-prevalence zones, south and west, was significantly higher than the 1.57% aggregated sero-prevalence for the remaining zones, centre, east and north (Fisher exact p-value (2-tail) = 0.0004). The reason for higher prevalence in the south and west of Kosovo is uncertain. These results may serve to enrich the information of bovine leukemia virus distribution in the region, as well as a starting point for the future control and eradication strategy in Kosovo.

scholarly journals Role of the Proline-Rich Motif of Bovine Leukemia Virus Transmembrane Protein gp30 in Viral Load and Pathogenicity in Sheep

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (17) ◽  
pp. 8082-8089 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Reichert ◽  
A. Winnicka ◽  
L. Willems ◽  
R. Kettmann ◽  
G. H. Cantor
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Plasmid Dna ◽  
Bovine Leukemia Virus ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Normal Peripheral Blood

ABSTRACT The cytoplasmic tail of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) transmembrane protein gp30 has multiple amino acid motifs that mimic those present in signaling proteins associated with B-cell and T-cell receptors. The proline-rich motif of gp30, PX2PX4–5P, is analogous to the recognition site of Src homology 3 (SH3) domains of signaling molecules. Using site-directed mutagenesis of an infectious molecular clone of BLV, point mutations were introduced which changed three of the prolines of the motif to alanines. The influence of these mutations on the pathogenicity of BLV was studied in sheep which received either (i) plasmid DNA with provirus containing proline-to-alanine mutations (pppBLV), (ii) plasmid DNA with wild-type provirus (wtBLV), or (iii) transfection reagent alone. Although all of the BLV-injected animals seroconverted at approximately the same time, viral loads at later time points were high in five of five of the wtBLV group and two of five of the pppBLV group but low in three of five of the pppBLV group, as determined by semiquantitative PCR. Viral expression was lower in the pppBLV-transfected sheep, as measured by p24 antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in cultured cells, and serologic titers were lower. Thirty-one months after transfection, four of four wtBLV-transfected sheep had died of leukemia and lymphoma, and all five of the pppBLV-transfected sheep were clinically healthy and had normal peripheral blood lymphocyte counts. These data indicate that the proline-rich motif of gp30 is not required for viral infectivity but is important for high viral load in vivo, suggesting that SH3-mediated gp30 interactions are critical for viral pathogenesis following infection. Absence of interactions with the proline-rich motif may prevent or delay tumorigenesis in sheep.

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