scholarly journals Artemisia vulgaris efficacies against various stages of Aedes aegypti

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1423-1429
Author(s):  
Vika Ichsania Ninditya ◽  
Endah Purwati ◽  
Ajeng Tyas Utami ◽  
Aprillyani Sofa Marwaningtyaz ◽  
Nadia Khairunnisa Fairuz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Oviposition Deterrent ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Artemisia Vulgaris ◽  
Endemic Diseases ◽  
Potential Alternative

Background and Aim: Aedes aegypti is the vector of dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, chikungunya, and, most recently, Zika. Dengue fever is one of Indonesia's endemic diseases. The principal tool for preventing dengue is controlling Ae. aegypti by chemical insecticides since vaccine against dengue is still under research. However, Ae. aegypti developed resistance to various chemical insecticides worldwide. Therefore, research on alternate compounds as mosquito insecticides is urgently needed. This study demonstrated the efficacy of Artemisia vulgaris extract as larvicidal, ovicidal, adulticidal, repellency, and oviposition deterrent activity against Ae. aegypti. Materials and Methods: A. vulgaris was obtained from Temanggung, Indonesia, while the eggs of Ae. aegypti were collected from Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and were hatched in Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Larvicidal activity was evaluated according to the WHO protocol; adulticidal activity was performed using the Centers for Disease Control protocol. Oviposition activity was evaluated using ovitraps added with A. vulgaris extract, complete protection time in the repellent assay was defined as the number of minutes elapsed between compound application and the landing of the first mosquito. Results: A test of the larvicidal activity of A. vulgaris extract returned an LC50 of 65.8 ppm (r2=0.9014) in 1 h and 18.6 ppm (r2=0.575) in 24 h. A. vulgaris was effective as an adulticidal, demonstrating LC50 values of 11.35 mg (r2=0.875) in 90 min, 9.63 mg (r2=0.924) in 105 min, and 6.46 mg (r2=0.925) in 120 min. A. vulgaris at a concentration of 1000 ppm was able to reach 96% of oviposition deterrent effect. The ovicidal assay, a concentration of 1000 ppm resulted in 82.67% of eggs remaining unhatched. An extract concentration of 80 mg/ml achieved 63.3±3.5% biting repellency in adults. Conclusion: This study gives a clear indication that A. vulgaris extract acts on Ae. aegypti at various developmental stages and is a potential alternative bioinsecticide for controlling this disease vector.

scholarly journals Oviposition Deterrent Activity and Ovicidal Effect of Pometia pinnata Leaves Extract against Dengue Vector, Aedes aegypti (Diftera: Culicidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 01013
Author(s):  
Luthfi Suharyo ◽  
Rizqulla K. Arthari ◽  
Fitria S.N. Rochmah
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Oviposition Deterrent ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Dengue Vector ◽  
Ovicidal Effect ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Oviposition Trap ◽  
Deterrent Activity

Aedes aegypti is the main vector of dengue fever that most commonly occurred in Indonesia. The application of botanical insecticides is being developed as an alternative vector control. Botanical components have been reported as the potential alternative to inhibit the process of oviposition and fecundity suppression. This study aims to determine the oviposition deterrent activity and ovicidal effects of ethanol extract of Pometia pinnata leaves against Aedes aegypti. Oviposition deterrent assay was conducted on twenty bloodfed females in a cage (40 cm x 40 cm x 40 cm). One treated oviposition trap and one control oviposition trap were placed in the opposite corner of the cage. Four replicates were performed for each concentration. The eggs were counted and analyzed after 72 hours of trial. Ethanol extract of Pometia pinnata leaves have antioviposition effect on female mosquitoes Aedes aegypti at 400 ppm (effective repellency / ER = 56.38%; oviposition active index/OAI = -0.39) and 500 ppm (ER = 66.4%; OAI = -0.49). In the ovicidal assay, twentyfive eggs are used for determination ovicidal effect and five replicates were performed for each concentration. The hatched larvae were collected and counted daily. The ethanolic extract of Pometia pinnata leaves at 0.05%, 0,1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, and 0.25% concentration have ovicidal activity of 11%, 28%, 87%, 94%, and 98% against Aedes aegypti eggs, respectively. This study revealed that the ethanol extract of Pometia pinnata leaves could be a potential alternative in controlling the dengue vector.

scholarly journals Larvicidal activity of Vietnamese Solanum nigrum on mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T.D.H. Dinh ◽  
Q.T. Le ◽  
T.D. Nguyen ◽  
T.Q.T. Nguyen ◽  
A.S. Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Solanum Nigrum ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Control Effort

A Vietnamese domestic plant namely Solanum nigrum (S. nigrum) was subjected to test for larvicidal activity on two majors Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) vectors Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) and Aedes albopictus (Ae. albopictus). The plant was processed to get infusions in hot water or extracted in ethanol. Laboratory and field larval strains of two Aedes species were exposed to the infusions and extract at increasing concentrations for one hour and followed-up intensively for up to 72 hours. The obtained results of bioassay showed larvicidal effects of extract on all mosquito strains. The effects on laboratory strain of Ae. aegypti larvae were correlated with infusions and extract concentrations. Chopped plant infusions in hot water indicated mortality up to 77.3% of larvae. Ground plant infusions killed all of exposed larvae at day 3 postexposure. Median lethal concentrations (LC50,s) of chopped and ground plant infusions were 10.25 and 7.54%, respectively. Ethanolic extract had very strong effect on experimental subjects. Within 72 hours, 100% of laboratory strain of Ae. aegypti larvae died after exposure to extract at 100 parts per million (ppm) or higher concentrations. Ethanolic plant extract showed similar larvicidal effect on field strains of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. The percentage mortality of field strains larvae reached 100% after exposure to 100 ppm of plant extract. At concentrations of 1000 ppm, 100% of exposed larvae died with 8 hours. LC50 on tested larvae was 25.07-33.60 ppm. Strong larvicidal activity of S. nigrum suggests the possible application in DHF vector control effort.

scholarly journals Adulticide Efficacy of Artemisia vulgaris L. against Aedes aegypti L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Vika Ichsania Ninditya ◽  
Endah Purwati ◽  
Ajeng Tyas Utami ◽  
Aprillyani Sofa Marwaningtyaz ◽  
Nadia Khairunnisa Fairuz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Artemisia Vulgaris ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Standard Assay ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Group A ◽  
Lc50 And Lc90

Aedes aegypti is the vector of various arthropod-borne diseases such as dengue fever, chikungunya and currently, zika. This study aimed to evaluate Artemisia vulgarisas other adulticides for controlling Ae. aegypti. Indonesian ministry of health hasbeen reported that more than 70.000 dengue fever human cases have occurred in 2015 covering 34 provinces which mean that dengue fever has spread now into all national territories. Eradication of Aedes still largely depends on insecticides, which is the most cost-effective strategy, and often inefficient due to resistance development in exposed Aedes population This study was designed to use of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) bioassay standard. CDC bottles were coated with the ethanolic solution of extract with a concentration of 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 5000, 10000, 50000, and 100000 g per bottle. F0 mosquitoes were used for all experiments. Death and surviving mosquitoes were evaluated based on CDC standard assay. The test was performed with 10-25 adult mosquitoes every bottle and each concentration was repeated in triplicates. The results showed that LC50 and LC90 were 5790 g and 52110 g respectively after 120 minutes exposure to the extract. There was no mortality in ethanol control group. A. vulgaris significantly (P < 0.05) have adulticidal activity against Ae. aegypti. However, A. vulgaris have been reported to have larvacidal activity against Ae. Aegypti. These results indicated clearly that A. Vulgaris might act as the candidate of bioinsecticides for controlling Ae. aegypti. Keywords: Aedes aegypti, Artemisia vulgaris, adulticide,bio insecticide.

scholarly journals Iminosugar 1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) sebagai Antiviral Infeksi Virus Dengue

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Muhammad Luthfi Adnan
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Dengue Shock Syndrome ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Global Problems ◽  
The Many

Abstract— Dengue fever (DF), dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) caused by the DENV virus are among the global problems regarding mosquito-borne viral infections. The DENV virus is transmitted through Aedes aegypti causing clinical manifestations that can cause critical illness for patients. The need for effective antiviral therapy is needed to treat DENV virus infections. 1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), one of the many imino sugars found in mulberry leaves and several strains of bacteria, has potential as an antiviral against DENV virus infection. The antiviral activity of DNJ works as an inhibitor of the α-glucosidase enzyme which is important in virus secretion so that it affects the infection rate. DNJ also has the effect of boosting the immune system to initiate an immune response to a viral infection. Further research is needed to develop DNJ as an effective antiviral DENV in the future. Keywords: antiviral, dengue, iminosugar, therapy Abstrak— Dengue fever (DF), dengue hemorraghic fever (DHF), dan dengue shock syndrome (DSS) yang disebabkan oleh virus DENV merupakan salah satu permasalahan global mengenai infeksi virus. Virus DENV ditularkan melalui Aedes aegypti menyebabkan manifestasi klinis yang dapat menimbulkan kesakiatn kritis bagi pasien. kebutuhan terapi antiviral yang efektif diperlukan untuk mengobati infeksi virus DENV. 1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), salah satu iminosugar yang banyak terdapat pada daun mulberry dan beberapa strain bakteri, memiliki potensi sebagai antiviral terhadap infeksi virus DENV. Aktivitas antiviral DNJ bekerja sebagai penghambat enzim α-glukosidase yang penting dalam sekresi virus sehingga mempengaruhi tingkat infeksi. DNJ juga memiliki efek meningkatkan sistem imun untuk menginisiasi respon imun terhadap infeksi virus. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengembangkan DNJ sebagai antiviral DENV yang efektif di masa depan. Kata kunci: antiviral, dengue, iminosugar, therapy

scholarly journals Blood glucose promotes dengue virus infection in the mosquito Aedes aegypti

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Che Weng ◽  
Po-Nien Tsao ◽  
Shin-Hong Shiao
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Viral Replication ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Blood Meals

Abstract Background Dengue fever is the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease globally. More than 2.5 billion people live in dengue-endemic areas. Previous studies suggested an interrelationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Conversely, glycolysis is a critical metabolic pathway for optimal dengue virus (DENV) replication. However, little is known concerning the effect of glucose on DENV replication in mosquitoes. In this study, we investigated the impact of glucose on DENV replication in mosquitoes Aedes aegypti. Methods Mosquitoes (Ae. aegypti UGAL/Rockefeller strain) were orally infected with DENV (serotype 2, 16681 strain) through infectious blood feeding. The DENV infection and transmission rates were determined by examining mosquito bodies and saliva, respectively, for DENV positivity at different time points after infection. In addition, a reverse genetic approach was applied by introducing double-stranded RNA against genes of interest into the mosquitoes to inhibit gene expression. Results Our data revealed a significant increase of DENV genome levels in mosquitoes consuming an infectious blood meal supplemented with glucose, suggesting that blood glucose is an important factor for viral replication. Interestingly, a significant increase of DENV E protein levels was detected in the saliva 4 days faster in mosquitoes that consumed infectious blood meals supplemented with glucose than in those consuming infectious blood meals alone. Furthermore, we perform RNAi to silence AKT or TOR and investigate the molecular mechanism regulating the glucose-mediated enhancement of viral replication. Silencing of AKT or TOR significantly reduced DENV titers in mosquitoes. Conclusions This study suggested that blood glucose is beneficial to DENV replication and that it facilitates virus transmission in mosquitoes via AKT and TOR signaling. Therefore, our results strengthen our understanding of dengue fever and DM co-morbidity and possibly reveal new targets for specific antiviral therapies. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals PERAN PERAWAT PUSKESMAS DALAM PENANGGULANGAN JENTIK AEDES AEGYPTI PADA TPA

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Rustam Aji
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Health Worker ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Water Reservoirs ◽  
Housing Type ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Worker Empowerment

The role of nurses in health worker empowerment, to combat theAedesAegypti mosquito density through organized community efforts throughenvironment.Peran sanitation sanitation workers is very important to optimize cadresjumantik to reduce morbidity, the incidence of dengue fever. The purpose of this studywas to determine the characteristics of the informer Age, Gender, Education andEmployment, retrieval and processing of data from July 24 until October 24, 2015,population and samples were taken to the informer officers in puskesmas perumnasinclude: Head of Unit, Coordinator of dengue hemorrhagic fever, Clinical instructor,eradication of communicable diseases, sanitation also involve self-employed. The place ofresearch in Puskesmas Batu Galing Village Housing, type of qualitative researchphenomenological approach, information was collected through in-depth interviews at 6informants. Test the validity of the triangulation of sources, methods and investigator,aims to describe the role of nurses in the health center health worker empowerment forprevention of Aedes aegypti larvae density on water reservoirs. Three informants (49.5%)with health education, four informants (66.0%), reported to the Health Department forfogging, four informants (66.0%), to provide counseling, use of abate, four informants(66.0% ), carry out the drain, closing and hoarding (3 M) + Plus, 1-week evaluationinformer informant 1 and 2 (33.0%), respectively 1 of 6 informants (16.5% with healtheducation, mutual cooperation , larva survey each quarter, draining water reservoirs,overseeing larvae in water reservoirs, once a week. Suggested for Preventing thedevelopment of mosquito larvae by draining water reservoirs, mutual assistance, andcounseling Aedes Aegypti mosquito eradication and prevention of dengue fever, the nursesanitation, health cadre active role in the dissemination of information and motivation tothe community.

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