scholarly journals Iminosugar 1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) sebagai Antiviral Infeksi Virus Dengue

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Muhammad Luthfi Adnan
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Dengue Shock Syndrome ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Global Problems ◽  
The Many

Abstract— Dengue fever (DF), dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) caused by the DENV virus are among the global problems regarding mosquito-borne viral infections. The DENV virus is transmitted through Aedes aegypti causing clinical manifestations that can cause critical illness for patients. The need for effective antiviral therapy is needed to treat DENV virus infections. 1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), one of the many imino sugars found in mulberry leaves and several strains of bacteria, has potential as an antiviral against DENV virus infection. The antiviral activity of DNJ works as an inhibitor of the α-glucosidase enzyme which is important in virus secretion so that it affects the infection rate. DNJ also has the effect of boosting the immune system to initiate an immune response to a viral infection. Further research is needed to develop DNJ as an effective antiviral DENV in the future. Keywords: antiviral, dengue, iminosugar, therapy Abstrak— Dengue fever (DF), dengue hemorraghic fever (DHF), dan dengue shock syndrome (DSS) yang disebabkan oleh virus DENV merupakan salah satu permasalahan global mengenai infeksi virus. Virus DENV ditularkan melalui Aedes aegypti menyebabkan manifestasi klinis yang dapat menimbulkan kesakiatn kritis bagi pasien. kebutuhan terapi antiviral yang efektif diperlukan untuk mengobati infeksi virus DENV. 1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), salah satu iminosugar yang banyak terdapat pada daun mulberry dan beberapa strain bakteri, memiliki potensi sebagai antiviral terhadap infeksi virus DENV. Aktivitas antiviral DNJ bekerja sebagai penghambat enzim α-glukosidase yang penting dalam sekresi virus sehingga mempengaruhi tingkat infeksi. DNJ juga memiliki efek meningkatkan sistem imun untuk menginisiasi respon imun terhadap infeksi virus. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengembangkan DNJ sebagai antiviral DENV yang efektif di masa depan. Kata kunci: antiviral, dengue, iminosugar, therapy

scholarly journals Study of Clinical and Laboratory Profile in Patients With Dengue Fever at A Tertiary Care Center in Central Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Nirmal Ghimire ◽  
Damodar Paudel ◽  
Manoj Kumar Yadav ◽  
Suraj Rana ◽  
Navin Kumar Chaudhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Dengue Shock Syndrome ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease transmitted from person to person by Aedes mosquitoes which result in a wide spectrum of disease severity ranging from influenza-like illness (dengue fever; DF) to the life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)/dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Terai regions of Nepal were focal epidemics of Dengue infections during the outbreak in 2010, 2013, and 2016. Dengue infections have been reported in the valleys of upland Hill regions at an altitude of 2500 m above sea level in Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among febrile patients in Nepal Police Hospital (NPH), from 1st Baisakh 2076 to 30th Chaitra 2076. Blood samples were collected from dengue presumed cases and tested against dengue specific IgM antibody and/or NS1antigen. Clinical examination findings were recorded, hematological and biochemical parameters tests were done among the patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Results: A total of 87 dengue cases were included in the study during the study period. Out of these, the majority were males ( 85.05%) from Kathmandu (38/87; 43.67%) seen in the month of Asoj (40/87; 45.98%). Fever was the major symptom (100%) followed by myalgia (52.87%), headache (45.97%), retro-orbital pain (12.64%), bleeding manifestations (9.19%). Common hematological abnormalities were thrombocytopenia and leucopenia in the critical phase. There was no case of dengue shock syndrome. Conclusion: This study highlights the utilization of most common clinical and easily available laboratory profiles of dengue viral infections in particular season and place that could alert physicians to diagnose early to reduce morbidity and mortality due to dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome.

scholarly journals DENGUE FEVER;

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1466-1470
Author(s):  
Wasil Khan ◽  
Bacha Amin Khan ◽  
Zar Khan ◽  
Abid ur Rehman ◽  
Mohammad Akbar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Dengue Shock Syndrome ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Acute Febrile Illness ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Medical Department ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Overall Mortality

Introduction: Dengue fever is arboviral infection transmitted from infected personto non-infected one by mosquitoes Aedes Aegypti or Aedes albopectis. All four serotypes (DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 & DEN-4) can cause the clinical manifestations of disease. Dengue infectioncan cause acute febrile illness, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome(DSS). About 50-100 million cases of dengue fever reported annually worldwide in which 0.5million may need admission. Overall mortality of dengue fever is 3%. The diagnosis of dengueis established by classical clinical features along with specific investigations like PCR, detectionof dengue NS1 antigen or IgM or IgG antibodies in the blood of infected person. Dengue isendemic in most part of our country and can become epidemics on and off. Objectives: Tostudy the pattern and mortality of Dengue fever during epidemic and post epidemic years inSwat. Setting: This study was conducted in Medical Department of Saidu Group of TeachingHospital, Swat. Period: Aug 2013 to November, 2016. Patients and method: Patients sufferingfrom acute febrile illness with features suggestive of Dengue fever were included in the study.Clinical criteria for initial diagnosis directed the subsequent diagnostic work up. Dengue wasconfirmed in these patients by either Dengue NS1 or Ig M antibodies in their blood. Writtenconsent for participation in study was taken from all the included patients. Formal permissionwas taken from Institutional Review Board of the institution to perform this study. The clinical andlaboratory data were recorded on a proforma and analyzed using SPSS 20. Results: Among5569 patients, 3834 (68.85 %) were male and 1735 (31.15%) were female. The mean age ofthe patients was 30 years SD 15.20. The most common age group that suffered with Denguefever was the adult age group (13-30 years). Dengue Hemorrhegic Fever was diagnosed in2543 (45.6%) patients and 50 (0.89 %) had features of DSS. A total 5018 (90.1 %) patients werecompletely cured while 37 (0.66 %) patients died. The overall mortality was 0.66%. Patientswith Dengue fever presented to the hospital though out the year but more than 50% of caseswere reported in the month of September. Conclusion: Adult age group and male gender ismost commonly affected by Dengue fever. Dengue fever was endemic in Swat valley and it canbecome cyclic epidemic in post epidemic years. Dengue fever can claim so many preciouslives if proper preventive measures were not taken in future.

scholarly journals Pathogen Dose in Animal Models of Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Infections and the Potential Impact on Studies of the Immune Response

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Bryce M. Warner
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Critical Determinant ◽  
Animal Models Of Disease ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever Virus ◽  
Immune Correlates ◽  
Clinical Drug Development ◽  
Wide Range

Viral hemorrhagic fever viruses come from a wide range of virus families and are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide each year. Animal models of infection with a number of these viruses have contributed to our knowledge of their pathogenesis and have been crucial for the development of therapeutics and vaccines that have been approved for human use. Most of these models use artificially high doses of virus, ensuring lethality in pre-clinical drug development studies. However, this can have a significant effect on the immune response generated. Here I discuss how the dose of antigen or pathogen is a critical determinant of immune responses and suggest that the current study of viruses in animal models should take this into account when developing and studying animal models of disease. This can have implications for determination of immune correlates of protection against disease as well as informing relevant vaccination and therapeutic strategies.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE KNOWLEDGE AND THE CURRENT PRACTISE AMONG THE EMERGENCY PHYSICIANS AND OTHER PHYSICIANS REGARDING THE ADMISSION CRITERIA OF DENGUE FEVER IN KOLKATA.

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-52
Author(s):  
Rukuzo Nyeka ◽  
Indraneel Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Dengue Shock Syndrome ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Admission Criteria ◽  
Emergency Physicians ◽  
Medicine Department ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Surgery Department

Introduction: Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral disease caused by a avivirus. There are four distinct serotypes of dengue virus, namely DEN-1, 2, 3 and 4. Female Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes are the primary and secondary vectors in Malaysia, respectively. Evidently, dengue is the most rapidly spreading arboviral disease in the world. Aim: To know about the knowledge and current practice of the emergency physicians and other physicians regarding admission criteria of dengue fever in Kolkata. To preserve the resource and to prevent unnecessary utilization of hospital facilities during dengue epidemics by following up the proper criteria of admission for acute febrile patient suspecting of dengue fever/ dengue hemorrhagic fever/ dengue shock syndrome from the emergency department. Materials and methods: This is a questionnaire-based study and the study was conducted in peerless hospital and b.k roy research centre. The duration of the study was one year (from 1/01/2019- 31/12/2020). Apre validated questionnaire was distributed among the emergency physicians and other general physicians who deal with management of dengue patients and the responses so obtained were analysed. Total 125 participants were present in this study. Result: We found that 5(4.0%) doctors work in Cardiology department, 40(32.0%) doctors work in Emergency medicine department, 6(4.8%) doctors work in Gynecology department, 46(36.8%) doctors work in Medicine department, 8(6.4%) doctors work in Nephrology department, 8(6.4%) doctors work in Neurology department, 8(6.4%) doctors work in Orthopedic department and 4(3.2%) doctors work in Surgery department. Conclusion: However, a knowledge gap has been reported regarding important issues in clinical presentation, treatment, prevention, and control. Practices regarding frequent clinical monitoring were consistent with local and international guide-lines

scholarly journals Tumbuhan Obat: Pendekatan Alternatif dalam Pengendalian Nyamuk Aedes aegypti dan Virus Dengue Penyebab Demam Dengue

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Ign Joko Suyono ◽  
Aditya K. Karim
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Dengue Shock Syndrome ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Control And Prevention

Dengue is the most important emerging tropical viral disease of humans in the world today. Aedes aegypti is a major mosquito vector responsible for transmitting many viral diseases and this mosquito that spreads major health problems like dengue fever. The resistance of Ae. aegypti to insecticides is already widespread and represents a serious problem for programmes aimed at the control and prevention of dengue in tropical countries. The search for compounds extracted from medicinal plant preparations as alternatives insecticide for mosquito control is in immediate need. Alternative approach for control Ae. aegypti dan virus dengue using the medicinal plant will be discussed in this paper.Key words: Medicinal plant, Aedes aegypti, dengue fever, dengue haemorragi fever, dengue shock syndrome

scholarly journals Artemisia vulgaris efficacies against various stages of Aedes aegypti

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1423-1429
Author(s):  
Vika Ichsania Ninditya ◽  
Endah Purwati ◽  
Ajeng Tyas Utami ◽  
Aprillyani Sofa Marwaningtyaz ◽  
Nadia Khairunnisa Fairuz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Oviposition Deterrent ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Artemisia Vulgaris ◽  
Endemic Diseases ◽  
Potential Alternative

Background and Aim: Aedes aegypti is the vector of dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, chikungunya, and, most recently, Zika. Dengue fever is one of Indonesia's endemic diseases. The principal tool for preventing dengue is controlling Ae. aegypti by chemical insecticides since vaccine against dengue is still under research. However, Ae. aegypti developed resistance to various chemical insecticides worldwide. Therefore, research on alternate compounds as mosquito insecticides is urgently needed. This study demonstrated the efficacy of Artemisia vulgaris extract as larvicidal, ovicidal, adulticidal, repellency, and oviposition deterrent activity against Ae. aegypti. Materials and Methods: A. vulgaris was obtained from Temanggung, Indonesia, while the eggs of Ae. aegypti were collected from Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and were hatched in Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Larvicidal activity was evaluated according to the WHO protocol; adulticidal activity was performed using the Centers for Disease Control protocol. Oviposition activity was evaluated using ovitraps added with A. vulgaris extract, complete protection time in the repellent assay was defined as the number of minutes elapsed between compound application and the landing of the first mosquito. Results: A test of the larvicidal activity of A. vulgaris extract returned an LC50 of 65.8 ppm (r2=0.9014) in 1 h and 18.6 ppm (r2=0.575) in 24 h. A. vulgaris was effective as an adulticidal, demonstrating LC50 values of 11.35 mg (r2=0.875) in 90 min, 9.63 mg (r2=0.924) in 105 min, and 6.46 mg (r2=0.925) in 120 min. A. vulgaris at a concentration of 1000 ppm was able to reach 96% of oviposition deterrent effect. The ovicidal assay, a concentration of 1000 ppm resulted in 82.67% of eggs remaining unhatched. An extract concentration of 80 mg/ml achieved 63.3±3.5% biting repellency in adults. Conclusion: This study gives a clear indication that A. vulgaris extract acts on Ae. aegypti at various developmental stages and is a potential alternative bioinsecticide for controlling this disease vector.

scholarly journals Obesity as a risk factor for dengue shock syndrome in children

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Mahdalena Tri Widiyati ◽  
Ida Safitri Laksanawati ◽  
Endy Paryanto Prawirohartono
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Fluid Management ◽  
Dengue Shock Syndrome ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group

Background Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) leads to highmorbidity and mortality if not be treated properly and promptly.Obesity may play a role in the progression ofDHF to dengue shocksyndrome (DSS) and could be a prognostic factor.Objective To evaluate childhood obesity as a prognostic factorfor DSS.Methods We reviewed medical records of patients with DHFand DSS admitted to Department of Child Health, Dr. SardjitoHospital, Yogyakarta between June 2008 and February 2011.Subjects were aged less than 18 years and fulfilled WHO criteria(1997) for DHF or DSS. The exclusion criteria were the denguefever, a milder form of disease, or other viral infections. Riskfactors for DSS were analyzed by logistic regression analysis.Results Of342 patients who met the inclusion criteria, there were116 DSS patients (33 .9%) as the case group and 226 DHF patients(66.1%) as the control group. Univariate analysis revealed thatrisk factors for DSS were obesity (OR= 1.88; 95%CI 1.01 to3.5 l) ,secondary infection type (OR=0.82; 95%CI 0.41 to 1.63), plasmaleakage with hematocrit increase> 25% (OR=3.42; 95%CI 2.06to 5.65), platelet count < 20,000/μL (OR= l.95; 95%CI 1.20 to3 .16), and inadequate fluid management from prior hospitalization(OR=9.ll; 95% CI 1.13 to 73.66). By multivariate analysis,plasma leakage with hematocrit increase > 25% was associatedwith DSS (OR=2.5 l; 95%CI 1.12 to 5.59), while obesity was notassociated with DSS (OR= l.03; 95%CI 0.32 to3.3 1).Conclusion Obesity is not a risk factor for DSS, while plasmaleakage with hematocrit increase > 25% is associated with DSS.

scholarly journals The First Outbreak of Dengue Fever in Greater Darfur, Western Sudan

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman Ahmed ◽  
Adel Elduma ◽  
Babiker Magboul ◽  
Tarig Higazi ◽  
Yousif Ali
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fevers ◽  
Health Clinics ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Dengue virus (DENV) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) transmitted by the Aedes mosquitoes, mainly Aedes aegypti. Dengue fever is a rapidly growing disease with expanding geographical distribution worldwide. We investigated a high number of non-malaria febrile cases reported to health clinics in refugee camps in the five states of Darfur between August 2015 and March 2016. The clinical presentation of cases and case definition criteria suggested involvement of one or more arboviral hemorrhagic fevers. Out of 560 suspected cases, we collected and analyzed 204 blood samples and serologically positive samples were confirmed by PCR. We identified 32 (15.7%) dengue viral infections, six West Nile virus infections, and three Crimean–Congo viral infections. Dengue infections were found in four out of the five Darfur states. We reported the first dengue fever outbreak in the Darfur region. Our results highlight the need for public health education and further molecular, phylogenetic, and entomological investigations for a better understanding of the disease transmission and the associated risk factors in the region.

scholarly journals Clinical Profiles of Dengue Infection during an Outbreak in Northern India

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anish Laul ◽  
Poonam Laul ◽  
Vamsi Merugumala ◽  
Ravi Pathak ◽  
Urvashi Miglani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Dengue Shock Syndrome ◽  
Acalculous Cholecystitis ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Diagnostic Dilemma ◽  
Atypical Presentations

Introduction.Dengue fever is an arboviral disease, which is transmitted by mosquito vector and presents as varied clinical spectrum of dengue fever (DF), dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), dengue shock syndrome (DSS), and expanded dengue syndrome (EDS) with atypical presentations, thus posing a diagnostic dilemma. Unless we are aware of these presentations, diagnosis as well as early initiation of treatment becomes difficult. We studied the various clinical presentations of dengue infection during an outbreak of disease in 2015.Materials and Methods. A total of 115 confirmed cases of dengue infection from Department of Medicine of Deen Dayal Upadhyay Hospital, New Delhi, were enrolled in this observational study.Results.The common signs and symptoms of dengue infection were fever, headache, body ache, backache, retro-orbital pain, bleeding manifestations, and rash in 100%, 87%, 86%, 58%, 41%, 21%, and 21%, respectively. Nonspecific or warning signs and symptoms included vomiting, weakness, abdominal pain, breathlessness, vertigo, sweating, and syncope. Other possible signs and symptoms of coinfections, comorbidities, or complications included diarrhea, sore throat, and neurological manifestations. There were seven patients with coinfections and four with comorbidities. The final diagnosis of these patients was DF (73%), DHF (16.5%), DSS (1.7%), and EDS (4.3%). Among EDS patients, the atypical presentations included encephalopathy, lateral rectus nerve palsy, acalculous cholecystitis, and myocarditis. Four patients required ICU care and there was no death in this study.Conclusion. Knowledge of atypical presentations is a must for early diagnosis and timely intervention to prevent life-threatening complications.

Shock Prognostic Factors in Hospitalized Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 6221-6224
Author(s):  
Hindra Irawan Satari ◽  
Rossy Agus Mardani ◽  
Hartono Gunardi
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Dengue Shock Syndrome ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Abdominal Tenderness ◽  
Diverse Area ◽  
Plasma Leakage

Various clinical manifestations, complex pathogenesis and different virus serotypes in diverse area make us difficult to predict course of disease, even the child admitted in early. Prognostic factors are very important to predict cases progressing to become DSS. Dengue shock syndrome (DSS) occurs in 15.53% of Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) patients with 7.81% mortality rate. Aim: To explore the prognostic factors of shock in hospitalized DHF children regarding the new 2011 WHO dengue virus infection classification guideline. This was a retrospective study using medical records of children age below 18 years old with WHO fulfilled grade 1 and 2 DHF diagnosis from January 2013–December 2016 in Child Health Department of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. Independent variables were sex, age, nutritional status, secondary dengue infection, leucopenia, abdominal tenderness, gastrointestinal bleeding, hepatomegaly and plasma leakage. Shock was dependent variable. Multivariate analysis was done by using logistic regresion analysis. There were 98 DHF subjects, 5 subjects became DSS during hospitalization. DSS subject characteristics were age of >5 years old, female, malnutrition, abdominal tenderness, hemoconcentration ≥20%, secondary dengue infection, leucocyte ≥5.000 mm3 and thrombocyte <50.000 mm3. Multivaryate analysis showed malnutrition and hepatomegaly were prognosis factors of DSS. Malnutrition and hepatomegaly were prognotic factors of dengue shock syndrome. Clinicians should be more aware with these factors when managed hospitalized DHF patients.

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