scholarly journals Clinical and structural changes in reproductive organs and endocrine glands of sterile cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 774-781
Author(s):  
Evgeny Skovorodin ◽  
Ravil Mustafin ◽  
Svetlana Bogoliuk ◽  
George Bazekin ◽  
Valian Gimranov
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Functional System ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Endocrine Glands ◽  
Ovarian Dysfunction ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Pars Anterior

Aim: The study aimed to determine both macroscopic and microscopic changes in the reproductive organs of sterile cows. Materials and Methods: Careful clinical and gynecological examinations (using histological and histochemical methods) of organs of culled sterile cows, such as ovaries, oviducts, the uterus, pars anterior adenohypophysis, thyroid body, and adrenals, were performed. Results: It was found that 20% of the examined cows in the farms of the Republic of Bashkortostan had pathology of reproductive organs. Ovarian dysfunction was diagnosed in 31% of sterile cows. Histological and histochemical studies revealed that high atresia of all types of ovarian follicles is associated with hypofunction of the ovaries. This was related to stromal vascular dystrophy and was accompanied by atrophy of thecal endocrine elements, resulting in decrease of endocrine and generative function of ovaries. Conclusion: Essential elements of the ovarian dysfunction pathogenesis are disorders of the functional system "ovary-pituitary-adrenal-thyroid gland" and the abnormality of utero-ovarian relationships, which differ significantly during hypofunction, in case of follicular cysts, and in case of persistent corpora lutea. This difference in abnormalities of utero-ovarian relationships should be considered when developing diagnostic and treatment methods and determining preventive measures.

ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF THE LIFE CYCLE: MAINTENANCE AND STIMULATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (3) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
T.Y. ALTUFYEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Small Business ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic

The article discusses the problems of maintaining and stimulating entrepreneurial activity in territories of various stadial affiliation, first of all, in emergency situations in order to preserve their efficiency, stability and vitality. As you know, in the context of increasing external instability and the spread of a new coronavirus infection in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, small and medium-sized businesses, a significant part of which were engaged in providing services to the population, suffered the most. The prolonged lockdown had a negative impact on the economic performance of small businesses, development opportunities, and the employment of workers in them. The article analyzes the dynamics of the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The trend of reduction since 2018 of both the total number of small and medium-sized businesses and the number of employees employed in them is shown. Analysis of the situation in small business showed that there have been not only quantitative, but also structural changes in the development of small and medium-sized businesses in Belarus. In the current situation, the process of re-registration of small enterprises of the republic into individual entrepreneurs and micro-enterprises was initiated, due to their more competitive tax parameters in the current conditions and the possibility of reducing personnel to minimum values. The study shows significant improvements in the business climate in the Republic of Bashkortostan in recent years. At the end of 2019, in accordance with the Index of Administrative Pressure - 2020, the republic took 11th place among 85 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, having risen from 38th place over the year, which is due to a significant simplification of registration procedures, the introduction of the institution of “self-employed” on the territory of the republic, and other innovations. Nevertheless, at present, small business in the republic has not overcome the consequences of the economic crisis caused by an unfavorable epidemiological situation. The crisis is changing the forms of employment, it is becoming remote, remote, non-standard, online professions appear. The traditional mechanism of entrepreneurs' actions in conditions of deteriorating economic conditions is described. The author analyzes the measures taken by the SMEs themselves in the territories of various stages of the life cycle, in particular, the transition to Internet commerce and the state (three packages of support measures in the Republic of Belarus) to continue activities in the context of the coronavirus crisis. The article substantiates the urgency of developing a mechanism to stimulate entrepreneurial activity in emergency situations in the territories of the ascending and descending stages of the life cycle.

scholarly journals MODERN PROBLEMS OF FERTILITY SOILS OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN

ÈKOBIOTEH ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-345
Author(s):  
F.Kh. Khaziev ◽  
◽  
Kh.M. Safin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Nutrient Imbalances ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Renewable Natural Resource ◽  
Ecological Optimization

The article analyzes the state and dynamics of soil fertility in Bashkiria and the prospects for its reproduction and maintenance. It is emphasized that despite the fact that soils are the main strategic non-renewable natural resource, currently there is an unacceptably low attention of both land users and government structures to their sustainable use. Soils degrade, humus and nutrient imbalances deteriorate, physical properties deteriorate, and as a result, unstable fertility with high fertility potential. The Republic's soil has been thoroughly studied, the main causes and extent of degradation have been identified, and technologies have been developed to prevent them and restore fertility, but they are not being fully implemented. Soils need real state protection through the revival of land service structures. Structural changes in land use and new innovative technologies to protect and maintain soil fertility are needed. An agroecological concept of land use and fertility reproduction is proposed. The concept is based on ecological optimization of the functioning of the agroecosystem, which provides for optimization of the structure (functional spatial), biogeochemical cycles, hydrological regimes in soils and landscapes, and biodiversity in the agroecosystem. Organizational and technological measures are proposed for its implementation.

LABOUR MARKET TRANSFORMATION UNDER MODERN CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (4) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
N.G. VISHNEVSKAYA ◽  
◽  
O.V. ALESHKINA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Market Environment ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Labor Resources ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The article analyzes the current processes on the global labor market in Russia and the Republic of Bashkortostan. Changing demographic proportions, the pension reform, migration processes, intensive development of production technologies, automation, the use of artificial intelligence all these factors are undoubtedly transforming the labor market environment. The content of occupation is changing, structural changes in the economy lead to the dropping-out of a number of specialties and the emergence of new ones, which did not exist before. To match the supply of labor resources to the modern requirements of the economy, new competencies of workers as well as continuous training or retraining are required. Educational institutions have to adapt to the new requirements of the labor market environment to meet the needs of the labor market for qualified specialists with relevant knowledge and skills. Major changes in the labor market amid the spread of the new coronavirus infection have affected most countries of the world economy, including Russia. A long period of restrictions in most industries is reflected in the economic indicators of enterprises, development opportunities, and the number of required workers. The situation with the pandemic clearly demonstrates how unstable the modern labor market is; how events that occur in one country in the world are capable of undermining the whole balance, even in fairly stable and durable economic systems. The article analyzes the situation on the labor market of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The main problems of the region in this direction are highlighted. The analysis of the situation in the registered labor market showed that in 8 months of 2020 the number of officially registered unemployed increased 5 times, the level of registered unemployment increased 5.5 times, tension in the labor market increased 3 times. In the context of a worsening economic situation caused by an unfavorable epidemiological situation, the situation with the employment of citizens has become more complicated. The analysis showed that for several years the employment rate remained stable at 70%, and by September 2020 it was 17.4%. Currently, the labor market in Russia experiences the consequences of the economic crisis caused by the unfavorable epidemiological situation. The crisis is changing the forms of employment, which is becoming remote, non-standard, online professions appear. The structure of labor demand is changing. Labor resources will be rebuilt or replenish the modern labor market. In these conditions, the role of the state is growing significantly and there is no doubt in the need of the development of the anti-crisis plan for the labor market’s regulation.

scholarly journals SPECIALIZATION IN AGRICULTURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
Damir Gaynanov ◽  
Rinat Gataullin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Share

The article summarizes the approaches to the definition of specialization in agriculture. The factors and conditions for the optimal location of agricultural production in the region are shown. Unlike the pre-reform period, when the main link in the specialization of agricultural production were collective and state farms, to a lesser extent - subsidiary farms of industrial enterprises, today territorial specialization at the level of municipal production volumes and create the necessary infrastructure for this. Specialization should be viewed as a process of structural changes in production, when resources are redistributed between the production of various types of products, new proportions are formed, in agriculture - primarily in land use. In this case, it is proposed to determine the specialization of municipal districts based on their contribution to the production of specific types of products in the region and average annual growth rates. Based on the ratio of these indicators, the following types of municipalities were identified in the areas of specialization - growth points (with a high share in the volume of production and high growth rates) and stagnating territories (when a high share in the volume is combined with low growth rates). Compiled maps of the specialization of agricultural production in the municipal districts of the Republic of Bashkortostan for today and for the future, for the period up to 2030. Determination of the specialization of agricultural production in municipal districts for the future, allows you to create the necessary infrastructure in them, taking into account the changed conditions, to make fuller use of the existing potential.

scholarly journals Analysis of the main trends, problems and prospects of the building materials industry of the Republic of Bashkortostan

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazgar Isyanbaev ◽  
Vilyur Akhmetov ◽  
Albina Baygildina ◽  
Elvira Chuvashaeva ◽  
Yulai Akchulpanov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Construction Companies ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Technological Modernization ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic

The article actualizes the importance of the development of the construction materials industry in the Russian Federation from the point of view of the need to level the existing imbalances in the socio-economic development of the regions. The main trends, problems and prospects of development of the construction materials industry are analyzed on the materials of the Republic of Bashkortostan – one of the leading subjects of the Russian Federation. In the 1990–2000-ies of economic reform in the construction complex of the country were destroyed centralized management structures, deformed industry and spatial structure of the complex, violated the relationship between suppliers and consumers of building materials and structures, which led to the bankruptcy of most of the largest construction trusts, reducing the volume and pace of construction and installation work. In the Republic of Bashkortostan, the share of private construction companies has increased with a decrease in the share of state-owned enterprises and enterprises of mixed ownership. Due to the crisis situation of a number of Republican manufacturers of building materials, the volume of unfinished construction is growing, the needs of the region in construction materials and structures are not covered sufficiently. The results of the analysis of development of construction complex of the region and substantiates the need for structural and technological modernization of the industry of construction materials based on the structural transformation of the economy of the region, introduction of the latest scientific and technical achievements, advanced machinery and technological processes, effective structural changes and institutional reforms. Taking into account the advanced foreign and domestic experience (Moscow, Moscow region, St. Petersburg, Sverdlovsk, Voronezh, Kaluga, Lipetsk, Novosibirsk, Samara, Saratov regions and the Republic of Tatarstan), the priority directions and mechanisms of structural modernization of the construction materials industry of the Republic of Bashkortostan through the use of the cluster approach are scientifically justified.

The dynamics of demographic indices in the Republic of Bashkortostan

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victorov V. V. ◽  
◽  
Sharafutdinov M. A. ◽  
Mukhamadeeva O. R. ◽  
Pavlova M. Yu. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Demographic Indices ◽  
The Republic

Irrigation regime and water consumption of potatoes in the Republic of Bashkortostan, depending on the reclamation condition of lands

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (6) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Guzel Gumerova ◽  
Georgiy Gulyuk ◽  
Dmitry Kucher ◽  
Anatoly Shuravilin ◽  
Elena Piven
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Irrigated Lands ◽  
The Republic

Data of long-term researches (2015–2018) in southern forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan, is justified theoretically and experimentally the mode of irrigation of potatoes on leached chernozems of unsatisfactory, satisfactory and good ameliorative condition of irrigated lands. For the growing periods of potatoes with different heat and moisture supply, the number of watering, the timing of their implementation, irrigation and irrigation norms are established. On lands with unsatisfactory meliorative state the number of irrigation depending on weather conditions of potato vegetation period varied from 0 to 3 (1.5 on average) with average irrigation norm – 990 m3/ha. With satisfactory meliorative state of lands the number of irrigation on average increased from 0 to 4 (2.3 on average) with irrigation norm – 1305 m3/ha. On lands with good meliorative state the number of irrigation was the highest – from 1 to 5 (3 on average) with average irrigation irrigation norm is 1653 m3/ha. It was noted that in the dry periods of potato vegetation the greatest number of watering was carried out (3–5 watering), and in the wet periods (2017) watering was not carried out except for the area with a good reclamation state, where only one irrigation was carried out by the norm of 550 m3/ha. Water consumption of potato was studied in dynamics as a whole during the growing season and the months of the growing season depending on weather conditions of vegetation period and land reclamation condition of irrigated lands, as well as in the control (without irrigation). The lowest total water consumption was in the area without irrigation and averaged 226.8 mm. In irrigated areas, its values increased to 319-353.4 mm. The average daily water consumption varied from 2.12 to 3.3 mm. The highest rates of potato water consumption were observed in June and July, and the lowest – in May and August. In the total water consumption of potatoes on the site without irrigation, the largest share was occupied by atmospheric precipitation and in addition to them the arrival of moisture from the soil. Irrigation water was used in irrigated areas along with precipitation, the share of which was 30.2–46.1 %.

Hygienic assessment of learning environment conditions (by the example of higher educational institutions of the city of Ufa)

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-411
Author(s):  
Elena Ju. Gorbatkova
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Higher Educational Institutions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Average Relative Humidity ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The City

Introduction. The important factors affecting health and performance of young people are the conditions of education, in particular, a comfortable microclimate in the classrooms of higher educational institutions. Materials and methods. In view of the urgency of this problem, an analysis was made of the microclimate parameters of educational organizations of different profiles (Ufa city, the Republic of Bashkortostan). 294 classrooms were studied in 22 buildings of 4 leading universities in Ufa. A total of 3,822 measurements were taken to determine the parameters of the microclimate. The analysis of ionizing radiation in the aerial environment of classrooms. There was performed determination of radon and its affiliated products content. In order to assess the conditions and lifestyle of students of 4 higher educational institutions of the city of Ufa, we conducted an anonymous survey of 1,820 students of I and IV years of education. Results. The average temperature in the classrooms of all universities studied was 23.9±0.09 C. The average relative humidity in all classrooms was 34.2 ± 0.42%. Analysis of ionizing radiation (radon and its daughter products decay) in the aerial environment of the classrooms and sports halls located in the basement determined that the average annual equivalent equilibrium volumetric activity of the radon daughter products (EROA ± Δ222Rn) ranged from 28 ± 14 to 69 ± 34.5 meter, which meets the requirements established by SanPiN. Conclusion. The hygienic assessment of the microclimate parameters of educational institutions of various profile revealed a number of deviations from the regulated norms. The results indicate the need to control the parameters of the microclimate, both from the administration of universities, and from the professors. According to the results of the study, recommendations were prepared for the management of higher educational institutions in Ufa.

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