A survey of the usage (frequency and pattern) of antibiotics at the University of Maiduguri Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria

Background and Aim: Veterinary antibiotics are widely used to treat bacterial diseases in various species of animals. However, despite the importance of these chemotherapeutic agents, their indiscriminate or extensive use can pose dangers to the animals or humans that consume edible tissues from animals contaminated with antibiotic residues. Therefore, concerns regarding their appropriate and judicious use in animals are of public health significance. This is because of the tendencies of developing resistance to targeted microbes and the ability of the parent compound or its metabolites to persist as residues in the animal tissues. This study aimed to determine the frequency and pattern of antibiotic usage and ascertain the level of awareness of clinicians on the judicious use of antibiotics at the University of Maiduguri Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Data related to the administration of antibiotics in all species of animals presented for treatment from January 2009 to December 2018 were obtained from the hospital archives, with permission from the office of the hospital directorate. The diseases, hospital units, antibiotics used, and years were parameters that were recorded for each case. Furthermore, 47 questionnaires were administered to clinicians who render services to the hospital. Results: A total of 63.9% of all cases brought to the hospital within the 10 years under study were infectious, and as such, were treated with antibiotics. The highest recorded use of antibiotics was observed in the poultry unit (38.4%), followed by the large animal unit (24.1%), with the lowest used recorded in the ambulatory unit (9.3%). Furthermore, regarding the antibiotics used, oxytetracycline had the highest occurrence (55%), followed by penicillin-streptomycin combination (12.2%), with the lowest being metronidazole (0.30%). The highest number of cases treated with antibiotics was recorded in 2018 (22.5%), and the lowest was recorded in 2014 (1.3%). Regarding the questionnaire administered to the clinicians, 78.7% of the respondents preferred oxytetracycline as their drug of choice, whereas only 2.1%, 4.3%, 2.1%, and 4.3% preferred amoxicillin, penicillin, streptomycin, and penicillin-streptomycin, respectively. Moreover, 65.9% of the respondents used a particular antibiotic because of its availability at the hospital, 8.5% because of cost, and 27.7% because of clinician preference. Furthermore, 74.5% of the clinicians offered palliative intervention while awaiting laboratory reports, whereas 8.5% treated the animals without requesting laboratory analyses. Conclusion: In this study, oxytetracycline was found to be the most used antibiotic for treating infectious diseases at the hospital because of its availability. The observed pattern appeared in the following order of frequency: Oxytetracycline, penicillin-streptomycin combination, neomycin, erythromycin, amoxicillin, tylosin, streptomycin, and gentamicin with metronidazole being the least frequent. There might also be antibiotic resistance, which requires a change to another antibiotic because of the lack of response to the initial antibiotic. Non-judicious antibiotic use can also have a negative impact on public health because of the development of multidrug-resistant "superbugs" and the problem of drug residue.

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Use of the Xpert® MTB/RIF assay for diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis comorbidity and multidrug-resistant TB in obstetrics and gynaecology inpatient wards at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia

Tropical Medicine & International Health ◽

10.1111/tmi.12145 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 1134-1140 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Matthew Bates ◽

Yusuf Ahmed ◽

Lophina Chilukutu ◽

John Tembo ◽

Busiku Cheelo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

University Teaching ◽

Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽

The University

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2267. Epidemiology of Candida auris Candidemia in a Teaching Hospital in North of Oman: One-Year Survival

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1945 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. S776-S776

Author(s):

Arash Eatemadi ◽

Aiman Al Wahibi ◽

Hilal Al shibli ◽

Ali Al reesi

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Hospital Environment ◽

Fungal Treatment ◽

Candida Auris ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Central Public Health ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽

Recent Emergence

Abstract Background Recent emergence of Candida auris as a multidrug resistant fungal pathogen, is a serious concerns for public health. However, there is a paucity of reported cases from Oman. Literature search resulted in finding only 7 cases from Oman, reporting C. auris infections in the articles first published in 2017. However, the rate of isolatin is increasing. Methods In this study, we included the results of all positive blood cultures of C. auris in Suhar teaching hospital from May 2018 (date of first detection) till end of April 2019. Further confirmation of the species was performed by MALDI-TOF and antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) by Vitek 2 in central public health laboratory (CPHL) of Oman. Results We detected 13 patients (9 females, 4 males). The mean age was 58.61% years (28–76 years). All candidemic patients had serious underlying conditions, including prolonged hospital stay or extensive and prolonged antimicrobial exposure or medical comorbidities (8 of 13). The time from hospital admission to onset of C. auris candidemia was 8–49 days, with a median of approximately 27 days. The most common isolated co- pathogen from blood culture was K. pneumonia (without regard to Coagulase-negative staphylococci). As average, every patient received 4.8 kind of different antibiotics in mean 88 doses before candidemia developed and piperacillin–tazobactam was the most common used antibiotics. AST was done just for 5 patients and revealed high-level resistance to fluconazole and Amphotricin B while, Echinocandins (anidulafungin, caspofungin) were fully sensitive and voricunazole had intermediate sensitivity. Mean duration of anti-fungal treatment was 12.5 days (5 – 26 days). 8 patients treated by Echinocandins (4/8 died), 4 by Fluconazole (3/4 died) and one without treatment discharged. 30-day all-cause mortality was 61.5%. Conclusion In Oman, C. auris has been reported from many hospitals. Resistance to several antifungal agents and persistence in the hospital environment make this organism a potential menace for the treating physician and the infection control personnel. In our hospital, every candidemic patient should be treated with Echinocandins and assumed to be resistant to Fluconazole until proven otherwise according to results of AST. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Challenges and Counselling Needs of Sickle Cell Patients Attending University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital

Journal of Science and Sustainable Development ◽

10.4314/jssd.v5i1.5 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 57-63

Author(s):

LA Yahaya ◽

IA Durosaro ◽

MA Nuhu

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Genetic Counselling ◽

Sickle Cell ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Public Health Education ◽

Counselling Needs ◽

Research Questions ◽

The University ◽

Frequency Counts ◽

Cell Disorder

This study investigated the challenges and counselling needs of sickle cell patients attending the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH) Kwara State, Nigeria. Purposive sampling was used to select 120 literate regular and non-regular patients of the hospital. A researcher developed instrument titled “Challenges and Counselling Needs of Sickle Cell PatientsQuestionnaire” (CCNSPQ) was used to elicit information from these participants. Five research questions raised in the study were answered using frequency counts, means and ranking and Analysis of Variance was used to test the hypotheses formulated at the .05 level of confidence. Thefindings showed that excessive bone, abdominal and chest pains are the major challenges confronting the respondents while occasional embarrassment due to unexpected sickness accompanying sickle cell disorder and stigma are the most serious counselling needs. There was nosignificant difference in the challenges of sickle cell patients based on age but the respondents had significantly different counselling needs. Therefore, it is recommended that guidance and public health education be put in place to reduce the stigmatisation of sickle cell patients. In addition, wellequipped clinics should be provided to facilitate early treatment. Genetic Counselling should also be provided both in the school and the community to prevent future occurrence of sickle cell disorder.Keywords • Sickle cell disorder • Genetic Counselling • Higher Education

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The Role of National Industrial Court in Sustaining Harmony in Nigerian Health Sector: A Case of University of Abuja Teaching Hospital

Journal of Management and Sustainability ◽

10.5539/jms.v6n1p171 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 171

Author(s):

Ifeanyichukwu Ojeka Ukonu ◽

Gideon A. Emerole

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Health Workers ◽

Health Sector ◽

The Public ◽

Public Health Sector ◽

Government Hospitals ◽

The University

<p>Recently, Nigerian health sector especially the hospitals has been enervated by grievances, antagonism, unpleasantness, dissension, and apprehension. Unfortunately, the industry involved in ensuring workers’ healthcare and that of the populace has experienced tempestuous times. Slyly, issues whose pedigrees could be traced to superiority, autonomy, compensation schemes and other conditions of service gradually meandered into the public health sector leading to health workers and non-health workers being at loggerhead with one another. As such, the serenity and harmony once witnessed in government hospitals have been jumbled by incoherent differences of various groups in the hospital. This paper therefore proposes to examine the causes of disputes at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital; what has been done, and what needs to be done by all and sundry and more especially, the role National Industrial Court (NIC) has played in sustaining harmony in Nigerian health sector. Also, it will examine the role National industrial Court has previously played and can still play futuristically to enhance and sustain the desired industrial harmony in University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, the entire health sector and other sectors of the economy.</p>

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PELATIHAN PENGOLAHAN SAMPAH ORGANIK MENJADI KOMPOS DENGAN MEDIA KERANJANG TAKAKURA

J-ABDIPAMAS (Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat) ◽

10.30734/j-abdipamas.v1i1.112 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 98

Author(s):

M. Ali Ghufron ◽

Refi Ranto Rozak ◽

Ayu Fitrianingsih ◽

Moh. Fuadul Matin ◽

Ahmad Kholiqul Amin

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

University Students ◽

School Environment ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Organic Waste ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Processed Food ◽

Surrounding Environment ◽

The University

The Partner of this activity was SDN Pilang Kanor District Bojonegoro District. The majority of Pilang villagers work as farmers. From the agricultural production, they produce abundant organic waste. In addition, the organic waste is also produced from household kitchens and schools. Remnants of the processed food from the kitchen and food scraps from schools also contribute to the increasing amount of organic waste. Organic waste that accumulates will certainly have a negative impact on public health. Stacking of the organic waste can be avoided by reprocessing it; for example, organic waste can be reused into compost. The purpose of this activity was to provide training to the partners (SDN Pilang students) to make takakura basket (Takakura Home Method) as a medium to process organic waste into compost. This training was conducted for 1 (one) day with three main steps, i.e. preparation, implementation, and evaluation. However, the results and sustainability of the activities were monitored for approximately 2 (two) weeks. The group of students was given guidance by the university students related to the sustainability of composting through the takakura basket. The result of the activity shows that the partners of this activity are able to make takakura baskets and apply them to process of organic waste around the school environment. In addition, students' awareness of the utilization of organic waste in the surrounding environment is increasing.Keywords: compost, organic waste, Takakura baskets ABSTRAK Mitra dari kegiatan ini adalah SDN Pilang Kecamatan Kanor Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Mayoritas masyarakat desa Pilang bekerja sebagai petani. Dari hasil pertanian, mereka menghasilkan sampah organik yang melimpah. Selain itu, sampah organik juga dihasilkan dari dapur rumah tangga dan sekolah. Sisa-sisa olahan makanan dari dapur dan makanan dari sekolah juga turut menyumbang meningkatnya jumlah sampah organik. Sampah organik yang menumpuk tentunya akan berdampak yang kurang baik bagi kesehatan masyarakat. Penumpukan dapat dihindari dengan mengolah kembali sampah yang dihasilkan. Misalnya, sampah organik dapat dimanfaatkan kembali menjadi kompos. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah memberikan pelatihan kepada mitra (siswa SDN Pilang) untuk membuat keranjang takakura (Takakura Home Method) sebagai media untuk mengolah sampah organik menjadi kompos. Kegiatan pelatihan ini dilaksanakan selama 1 (satu) hari dengan tiga tahapan utama, yaitu: persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi. Akan tetapi hasil dan keberlanjutan kegiatan tersebut dipantau selama kurang lebih 2 (dua) minggu. Kelompok siswa diberikan pembimbingan oleh para mahasiswa berkaitan dengan keberlanjutan pembuatan kompos melalui media keranjang takakura tersebut. Hasil dari kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa mitra kegiatan ini mampu membuat keranjang takakura dan mengaplikasikannya untuk pengolahan sampah organik yang berada di sekitar lingkungan sekolah. Selain itu, kesadaran para siswa akan pemanfaatan sampah organik yang ada di lingkungan sekitar semakin meningkat.Kata Kunci: kompos, keranjang Takakura, sampah organik

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1012. Characterization of Antibiotic Superutilizers in the Inpatient Setting

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofz360.876 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. S356-S356

Author(s):

Jonathan Burns ◽

Katherine Mersinger ◽

Stephen Saw ◽

Steven C Morgan ◽

Vasilios Athans ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Use ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Health Concern ◽

University Of Pennsylvania ◽

Inpatient Setting ◽

Infection Prophylaxis ◽

Inappropriate Use ◽

Days Of Therapy ◽

The University

Abstract Background Inappropriate use of antibiotics is a major public health concern that contributes to increased antibiotic resistance, adverse effects, and healthcare costs. Little is known about the highest utilizers, or superutilizers, who may be appropriate targets for antibiotic stewardship efforts. The purpose of this study was to characterize superutilizers at an academic hospital. Methods All adult patients who were admitted to the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and received at least one day of antibiotics between July 1, 2017 and June 30, 2018 were identified. All inpatient administrations for systemic antibacterial agents were identified. Antibiotics given in procedural areas and the emergency department were excluded, as were any antifungals and antivirals. Usage was reported as days of therapy (DOT). We compared the demographics and DOT among the superutilizers (defined as the top 1% of patients) to different groupings of the rest of the population. Results Overall, 13,559 patients (and 183,082 DOT) were included in the analysis, including 136 superutilizers. The superutilizers received 15% of the total antibacterial DOT and a median of 56 DOT during the 12-month period. (table) Conclusion Inpatient antibiotic use is unevenly distributed across the population. Higher meropenem and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim DOT suggest that treatment of multidrug-resistant organisms and opportunistic infection prophylaxis are more common in the superutilizer group. Additional study is needed to determine whether antimicrobial stewardship efforts could impact antibiotic use in the superutilizer population. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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The Ethics of Fecal Microbiota Transplant as a Tool for Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs

The Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics ◽

10.1177/1073110519897730 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 541-554 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thomas S. Murray ◽

Jennifer Herbst

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Clinical Indication ◽

Fecal Microbiota Transplant ◽

Health Threat ◽

Multidrug Resistant Organisms ◽

Public Health Threat

Multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs) are a public health threat that have reduced the effectiveness of many available antibiotics. Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) have been tasked with reducing antibiotic use and therefore the emergence of MDROs. While fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) has been proposed as therapy to reduce patient colonization of MDROs, this will require additional evidence to support an expansion of the current clinical indication for FMT. This article discusses the evidence and ethics of the expanded utilization of FMT by ASPs for reasons other than severe recurrent or refractory Clostridioides (formerly Clostridium) difficile infection.

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