scholarly journals PATOGENISITAS CENDAWAN Lecanicillium sp. PTN01 TERHADAP PENGGEREK TONGKOL JAGUNG Helicoverpa armigera (HUBNER) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sempurna Ginting ◽  
Teguh Santoso ◽  
Yayi Munara ◽  
Ruly Anwar ◽  
Lisdar Sudirman
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera

Helicoverpa armigera is one of the most important agricultural pests because it has a high reproductive rate and resulted in economic losses. One of the H. armigera control techniques that is in accord with IPM principle is the utilizing of entomopathogenic fungus. The aim of this research was to test the pathogenicity of Lecanicillium (Lecanicillium sp. PTN01) against H. armigera. Pathogenicity test was conducted by conidia application of Lecanicillium sp. PTN01 on both the larvae and eggs at density of 105, 106, 107 conidia/ml. The control group was only treated with steril water. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for molecular identification Lecanicillium sp. PTN01. The results showed that Lecanicillium sp. PTN01 able to inhibit egg hatching 13.75%, and cause mortality of first instar larval survival 98.75%. The result of virulence test to the highest larval mortality at 107 conidia/ml density was 41,25%, with the values of LT25, 50, 75 were 3.95, 7.12, 12.82 (days) and LC25, 50, 75 were 4.6 x 105, 1.7 x 106, 4.6 x 109 (conidia/ml). The DNA sequence analysis of ITS 1 and ITS 4 primers showed that Lecanicillium sp. PTN01 was similar to fungus species L. kalimantanense strain BTCC F23 with 94% homology.   

scholarly journals Adaptation of artificial diets for Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) at laboratory rearing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caio C. Truzi ◽  
Hurian G. Holzhausen ◽  
José A. Chamessanga ◽  
Valéria L. Laurentis ◽  
Natalia F. Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Artificial Diets ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera ◽  
Biological Aspects

ABSTRACTHelicoverpa armigera is an important pest of crops worldwide, and several studies have focused on the development of artificial diets for this species. However, studies evaluating the insect´s performance at nutritionally different diets are scarce. Larval development is dependent on the ratio of protein and carbohydrates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biology and to compare the consumption and use of food of H. armigera larvae on diets with different protein levels. The nutritional index, the relative consumption rate, the relative metabolic rate, the relative growth rate, and the apparent digestibility were higher in the diet with added protein. On the other hand, the conversion efficiency of digested food was lower, resulting in a higher metabolic cost. In terms of biological aspects, larval survival was higher for the diet with average protein content and lower for the diet with a high protein level. The pupal period was longer for the diet with a higher protein content, while pupal survival was lower. Among the evaluated diets, the diet with an average protein content resulted in a higher net reproductive rate, a shorter time for the population to double in number, and the highest rates of population growth. The results suggest that lower or higher protein contents in the diets of H. armigera negatively affect the biological aspects of this species.

scholarly journals Need for growing non-Bt cotton refugia to overcome Bt resistance problem in targeted larvae of the cotton bollworms, Helicoverpa armigera and Pectinophora gossypiella

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rafiq Shahid ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Muhammad Shakeel ◽  
Misbah Ashraf ◽  
Zia Ullah Zia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Pectinophora Gossypiella ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Arthropod Species ◽  
Bt Resistance ◽  
American Bollworm ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera

Abstract Background The effectiveness of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton against target arthropod larvae is decreasing day by day. The comparative effect of Bt expression among Bt cotton varieties and different plant parts was observed against the cotton bollworms: Helicoverpa armigera and Pectinophora gossypiella larvae. Results In the present study, larval mortality of H. armigera was higher than P. gossypiella among selected Bt cultivars. Median lethal concentration (LC50) values were 8.91, 13.4, 14.0, and 36.4 for P. gossypiella, while 5.91, 4.04, 2.37, and 8.26 for H. armigera of FH-142, MNH-886, IR-3701, and FH-Lalazar, respectively. These values depicted that P. gossypiella had more Bt resistance problem than H. armigera larvae. The host range of both targeted insect larvae was different from each other due to the polyphagous feeding nature of the larvae of H. armigera that feed on different host plants, but P. gossypiella attacked only cotton with monophagous feeding habit. It was also notable from results that Bt expression in reproductive parts where the attacked pink bollworm was lower than the American bollworm, so the former had the maximum chance of resistance due to repeated exposure to Bt. Conclusions It was concluded that farmers be advised to follow the practice of growing non-Bt as a refuge crop to reduce the problem of Bt resistance in the target arthropod species.

scholarly journals Phylogeography of the Recent Expansion of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in South America and the Caribbean Basin

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 388-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke R Tembrock ◽  
Alicia E Timm ◽  
Frida A Zink ◽  
Todd M Gilligan
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
New World ◽  
The United States ◽  
Caribbean Basin ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Multiple Introductions ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera ◽  
The Caribbean

Abstract The Old World bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), is one of the most destructive agricultural pests worldwide. It was first recorded in Brazil in 2013, yet despite this recent introduction, H. armigera has spread throughout much of Latin America. Where H. armigera has become established, it is displacing or hybridizing with the congeneric New World pest Helicoverpa zea. In addition to the adaptive qualities that make H. armigera a megapest, such as broad range pesticide resistance, the spread of H. armigera in the New World may have been hastened by multiple introductions into South America and/or the Caribbean. The recent expansion of the range of H. armigera into the New World is analyzed herein using mtDNA of samples from South America, the Caribbean Basin, and the Florida Peninsula. Phylogeographic analyses reveal that several haplotypes are nearly ubiquitous throughout the New World and native range of H. armigera, but several haplotypes have limited geographic distribution from which a secondary introduction with Euro-African origins into the New World is inferred. In addition, host–haplotype correlations were analyzed to see whether haplotypes might be restricted to certain crops. No specialization was found; however, some haplotypes had a broader host range than others. These results suggest that the dispersal of H. armigera in the New World is occurring from both natural migration and human-mediated introductions. As such, both means of introduction should be monitored to prevent the spread of H. armigera into areas such as the United States, Mexico, and Canada, where it is not yet established.

Pathogenecity of Metarhizium anisopliae on Helicoverpa armigera larvae instars

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
Ankush Taliyan ◽  
Ajay Kumar ◽  
Rajendra Singh ◽  
Rohit Rana ◽  
Shekhar Rana
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Cent Mortality ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera

Studies on pathogenicity of M. anisopliae against Ist - VIth instar H. armigera larvae revealed that larval mortality. The effect of Metarhizium anisopliae spore/ml against Helicoverpa armigera larval instars was significantly higher recorded showed that in the results revealed that all the treatments were significantly larval mortality. The results revealed that all the treatments were significantly higher effective in larval mortality as compared to other larval instars. The data recorded on 4, 6, 8 11 and 14 day after pathogencity of various larval instars in the Ist instar of H. armigera with 1.8 x 109 spores suspension, was the best Ist instars larva H. armigera per cent mortality by M. anisopliae up to (35.63) followed by 73.39 (85.69) (98.37) and (100.0) production was significantly recorded.

scholarly journals Forecasting Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larval phenology in pigeonpea and chickpea crops using growing degree days

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-331
Author(s):  
B. KIRAN GANDHI ◽  
S.K. SINGH ◽  
KRISHNA KUMAR ◽  
S. VENNILA ◽  
Y. SRUJANA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Incidence Data ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera

Gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera is a serious insect pest of pigeonpea and chickpea crops, responsible for huge economic losses. Timely forecasting and subsequent sensible management practices of H. armigera would save the crops from economic damage. In the present study, H. armigera larval incidence data was recorded from sixteen pigeonpea and chickpea growing locations (Maharashtra, India) for three seasons (2015, 2016 and 2017). Observed accumulated GDD (from 40 SMW to 7 SMW) revealed, H. armigera completed one generation in 29 days to develop 4 generations across the locations and seasons. After accumulating 86GDD (40 SMW) and 62 GDD (43 SMW), larval ‘biofix’ (initial incidence of larvae) was started in pigeonpea and chickpea, respectively. Logistic regression model estimated accumulated GDD required by H. armigera larvae to reach ETL in pigeonpea (629 GDD) and chickpea (378 GDD), which was same as observed accumulated GDD. Statistical criteria viz., Adjusted r2, AIC and BIC projected logistic regression model as a better performer in most cases. The geographically unique models developed based on biofix and accumulated GDD in this study can be used for timely advisories and sustainable management of H. armigera in pigeonpea and chickpea crops after field validation.

scholarly journals HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA-PEST ON TOBACCO PLANTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 539-545
Author(s):  
Vesna Krsteska
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Coccinella Septempunctata ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera ◽  
Hyposoter Didymator ◽  
In The Beginning

Helicoverpa armigera Hubner is а migratory, cosmopolitan and polycyclic species. The pest is known as tobacco bollworm or budworm. The species is polyphagous and is an economically important agricultural pest. The studies were conducted on tobacco plants in the Experimental Field of the Scientific Tobacco Institute - Prilep during 2017/2018. Monitoring of population dynamics of H. armigera was performed during tobacco vegetation in a 10 -day period, using the method of examining 100 tobacco plants, with Zig-Zag review of pest scouting. The collected larvae were additionally fed and grown in a laboratory according to the standard laboratory methodology. Field and laboratory trials were carried out for control of H. armigera, with five insecticides/ active ingredients: Spinetoram (a.i. 250 g/kg)- 0.3 kg/ha, Indoxacarb (a.i. 150 g/L)- 0.3 L/ha, Metaflumizone (a.i 240 g/L)- 1 L/ha; Emamectin (a.i. 9.5 g/kg)- 2 kg/ha and Flubendiamide (a.i. 480g/L)- 250 g/ha. Larvae of tobacco budworm damage flowers, seed capsules and top tobacco leaves. The population dynamics of H. armigera showed that the species was present on tobacco from the beginning of July (when plants produce flowers) until the end of tobacco vegetation. The population was the most numerous in August and reached its highest level of density on 20th August in both years. In field trials, were determined five predatory species that fed with young larvae of H. armigеrа: Chrysopa formosa (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae), Chrysopa perla (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae), Chrysopa carnea (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae), Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) and Adonia variegata (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). In the beginning of October on tobacco plants we found parasitized larvae of H. armigera. In laboratory conditions parasitized larvae ate less and ceased developing at their 4th stage- L4. In each parasitized larva was developed one parasite species of Hyposoter didymator (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). H. didymator is endoparasitoid wasp, and it lives on host tissues. According to field and laboratory trials during 2017/2018, all applied insecticides showed high efficacy in H. armigera control. The highest average mortality of 100% was caused by insecticides: Spinetoram, Indoxacarb and Emamectin. Flubendiamide had 97.5% efficiency in control of this pest, and the insecticide Metaflumizone 95.0%. This pest represents a significant challenge to tobacco filed and it produces high economic losses of tobacco seed each year. For the control of H. armigera, it is required constant monitoring of the lifecycle of the pest. One part of management strategy is to study parasitoids, predators and microorganisms and use them against H. armigera. Chemical control is still the most reliable and economic way of protecting tobacco crop from tobacco bollworm.

scholarly journals Effects of β-sitosterol on growth, development and midgut enzymes of Helicoverpa armigera Hübner

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-278
Author(s):  
Monika Mishra ◽  
Aarti Sharma ◽  
Vinay Dagar ◽  
Sarita Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera ◽  
Pupal Mortality ◽  
Dose Dependent

Helicoverpa armigera is a global agricultural pest of serious concern. Continued use of chemical insecticides as control measures has raised grave health and environment concerns, necessitating a search for botanicals as safe alternatives. The current study investigates the effects of ?-sitosterol, a bioactive phytocomponent in Thevetia neriifolia, on the growth and development, as well as on midgut enzymes of H. armigera. Dietary ?-sitosterol produced dose-dependent systemic toxicity and growth inhibitory effects in H. armigera; the most significant effects were obtained with 10 ?g/mL dietary ?-sitosterol. Higher prepupal and pupal mortality in comparison to larval mortality and a comparatively greater reduction in average weight gained by later instars point to cumulative effects of ?-sitosterol. The delayed effects were ascertained by the 82.05%-57.89% reduction in adult emergence in comparison to 95.02% emergence in controls. Dose-dependent effects of ?-sitosterol were observed as significantly decreased enzyme activities of alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the larval midgut. Suppression of enzyme activity was obtained in the order ALT>AST>ALP. Impaired activity of gut enzymes possibly lowered the energy reserves and affected nutrient transport through the gut epithelium, affecting the growth and development of H. armigera. Our study points to a promising use of ?-sitosterol against H. armigera, although further examination and field studies are needed to ascertain its possible use in control programs.

scholarly journals Assay Optimization Can Equalize the Sensitivity of Real-Time PCR with ddPCR for Detection of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Bulk Samples

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 885
Author(s):  
Thayssa M. R. Oliveira ◽  
Frida A. Zink ◽  
Renato C. Menezes ◽  
Érico C. Dianese ◽  
Karina C. Albernaz-Godinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Assay Optimization ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Assay Performance ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera

Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) is one of the most important agricultural pests in the world. This historically Old World species was first reported in Brazil in 2013 and has since spread throughout much of South America and into the Caribbean. Throughout North America, H. armigera surveys are ongoing to detect any incursions. Each trap is capable of capturing hundreds of native Helicoverpa zea (Boddie). The two species cannot be separated without genitalic dissection or molecular methods. A ddPCR assay is currently used to screen large trap samples, but this equipment is relatively uncommon and expensive. Here, we optimized a newly designed assay for accurate and repeatable detection of H. armigera in bulk samples across both ddPCR and less costly, and more common, real-time PCR methods. Improvements over previously designed assays were sought through multiple means. Our results suggest bulk real-time PCR assays can be improved through changes in DNA extraction and purification, so that real-time PCR can be substituted for ddPCR in screening projects. While ddPCR remains a more sensitive method for detection of H. armigera in bulk samples, the improvements in assay design, DNA extraction, and purification presented here also enhance assay performance over previous protocols.

​Screening of Pigeonpea Varieties through Nylon Bag No-choice Bioassay for Host Plant Resistance to Helicoverpa armigera

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.L. Jat ◽  
K.K. Dahiya ◽  
H.C. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Trichome Density ◽  
Larval Weight ◽  
Legume Pod Borer ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera

Background: The legume pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), is one of the most damaging crop pests, including pigeonpea. Host plant resistance is a component of pest management and therefore, we standardize a nylon bag No-Choice Bioassay technique to screen for resistance to H. armigera under field conditions. Methods: Pigeonpea plants were infested with 24 h old 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 larvae per plant inside the nylon bag. Observations were recorded on pod damage, larval survival, larval weight, pupation, adult emergence, and fecundity after 10 days. Result: Pigeonpea varieties AL-201, H03-41 and PAU-881 exhibited lower pod damage (15.89 to 19.77%) and larval weight (12.02 to 13.82 mg). The expression of resistance to H. armigera was associated with trichome density, pod wall thickness and higher amount of phenolic compounds and condensed tannins. Lower trichome density and thin pod walls and higher amounts of sugars rendered the varieties Paras, Manak and Pussa-992 more susceptible to H. armigera. Nylon bag assay can be used to screen and select pigeonpea cultivars for resistance to H. armigera.

Laboratory evaluation of certain bio-pesticides against the larvae of Helicoverpa armigera Hubner

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Ojha ◽  
R. Kumari ◽  
N. K. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Half Dose ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Test Insect

Applications of Helicoverpa armigera Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (HaNPV), Quinalphos, Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (Btk) and Beauveria bassiana (B.b.) as full doses gave hundred percent larval mortality to the test insect, 2nd instar larvae of Helicoverpa armigera. Treatment combinations containing half doses of HaNPV + Btk, HaNPV + B.b., HaNPV + Quinalphos, Btk + B.b., Btk + Quinalphos, B.b.+ Quinalphos, also gave cent percent larval death. Azadirachtin as half dose of application was found to be least effective (50%). However, all the treatment combinations were found effective over the untreated control.

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