The influence of PET and PBT contamination during transportation fuel production via pyrolysis

The pyrolysis of plastic waste is a promising method to reduce waste accumulation while it could provide value-added transportation fuels. The main goal of this study is to investigate the influence of PET and PBT contamination during plastic pyrolysis oil production utilizing HDPE, LDPE, PP, and PS mixtures as these plastics are good candidates for transportation fuel production via pyrolysis and distillation. Seven different waste blends were prepared and pyrolyzed in a laboratory-scale batch reactor equipped with reflux. Mass balance, gas analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and deposit formation were evaluated. It was concluded that by increasing the PET or PBT concentration in the initial solid waste mixtures, the oil production decreases while the amount of gases increases. Additionally, either PET or PBT generates operational difficulties due to they form deposits in piping system in form of benzoic acid. The maximum concentration of these plastic waste materials was 20% (PET) and 25% (PBT) in this study as further increase blocked the cross-section of piping, causing operational difficulties. Based on the obtained results the concentration of PET and PBT should be limited in waste mixtures when transportation fuel production is desired.

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Influence of WPO (Waste Plastic Oil) - gasoline mixtures for emission characteristics on working spark-ignition engine

Analecta Technica Szegedinensia ◽

10.14232/analecta.2021.1.31-36 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 31-36

Author(s):

Gergő Kecsmár ◽

Tamás Koós ◽

Zsolt Dobó

Keyword(s):

Batch Reactor ◽

Spark Ignition ◽

Plastic Waste ◽

Spark Ignition Engine ◽

Fuel Additive ◽

Pyrolysis Oil ◽

Transportation Fuel ◽

Liquid Products ◽

Commercial Gasoline ◽

Pyrolysis Oils

The utilization of liquid products as transportation fuel derived from the thermal decomposition of different plastic waste mixtures was investigated. The production of pyrolysis oils was performed in a laboratory-scale batch reactor utilizing polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) waste blends. Two different mixtures (10% PS – 60% PP – 30% HDPE; 10% PS – 30% PP – 60% HDPE) were prepared, and the influence of reflux was also studied. The pyrolysis oils were blended to commercial gasoline in the 0-100% range. It was found that each blend could be successfully used as an alternative fuel in a traditional spark-ignition engine without any prior modifications or fuel additive. However, based on the engine tests, the presence of the reflux is vital as the composition of the pyrolysis oil is closer to the commercial gasoline. The emission measurements showed increasing NOx emissions compared to neat gasoline, but, on the other side, a decrease in CO was noticed. These changes were much smaller in cases when reflux was used during oil production. Based on the obtained results, the utilization of reflux-cooling is an effective method to enhance the gasoline range hydrocarbons in the plastic waste pyrolysis oils, and therefore blending these oils to commercial gasoline might be viable.

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Gasoline like fuel from plastic waste pyrolysis and hydrotreatment

Analecta Technica Szegedinensia ◽

10.14232/analecta.2021.2.58-63 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 58-63

Author(s):

Balázs Hegedüs ◽

Zsolt Dobó

Keyword(s):

Circular Economy ◽

Batch Reactor ◽

Plastic Waste ◽

Pyrolysis Oil ◽

Liquid Hydrocarbons ◽

Transportation Fuel ◽

Aromatic Content ◽

Pyrolysis Oils ◽

Viable Method ◽

The Eu

Recycling of plastic waste is desirable to lower environmental pollution and fulfil the requirements of circular economy. Energetic utilization is another possibility, however, municipal solid waste containing plastics is usually combusted to generate heat and electricity. An attractive way of dealing with plastic waste is pyrolysis, which has the potential of producing liquid hydrocarbons suitable as a transportation fuel. The pyrolysis results of three plastics produced in the largest amount globally, namely polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene as well as their mixtures are presented. The experiments were performed in a laboratory scale batch reactor. The pyrolysis oils were further processed by distillation to provide gasoline and diesel like (distillation cuts at 210 and 350 °C) hydrocarbons. The gasoline fractions were analysed by GC-MS and the composition was compared with the EU gasoline standard. It was found that the oils from PE, PP and PS contain compounds present in standard gasoline. Mixing PS with PE and PP before the pyrolysis, or the oils afterward produces much closer results to standard requirements as PS pyrolysis generates mostly aromatic content. As standard maximizes the olefin content of gasoline to 18 Vol%, hydrogenation was also performed using Pd based catalyst. The hydrogenation process significantly reduced the number of double bonds resulting in low olefin content. Results show that the pyrolysis of plastic waste mixtures containing PE, PP and PS is a viable method to produce pyrolysis oil suitable for gasoline-like fuel extraction and further hydrogenation of the product can provide gasoline fuels with low olefin content.

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Drop-in fuel production with plastic waste pyrolysis oil over catalytic separation

Fuel ◽

10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121440 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 305 ◽

pp. 121440

Author(s):

Shuang Wang ◽

Hana Kim ◽

Doyeon Lee ◽

Yu-Ri Lee ◽

Yooseob Won ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plastic Waste ◽

Pyrolysis Oil ◽

Fuel Production

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Parametric Optimization of Medical Plastic Wastes Conversion into Transportation Fuel using Mamdani Fuzzy Inference Systems (FIS)

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering - 2 ◽

10.35940/ijrte.d7135.038620 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 1438-1446

Keyword(s):

Liquid Fuel ◽

Catalyst Concentration ◽

Fuzzy Inference ◽

Batch Reactor ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Value Added ◽

Transportation Fuel ◽

Inference System ◽

Plastic Wastes ◽

Medical Plastic

Rapid growth of medical plastic wastes required attention for its scientific disposal along with conversion into value added products. Pyrolysis method is found suitable process for such conversion of such wastes into liquid oil. The experiment was carried out with the medical plastic wastes collected from local medicals and treated in a batch reactor taking appropriate range of temperature change and use of Calcium bentonite (CB) and Zeolite-A (ZA) as catalysts. The yield of liquid oil, gas and char produced from the process are collected in scale. The yield of liquid fuel in this process was influenced by factors such as temperature, catalyst concentration and acidity of catalyst. It was observed that yield of liquid fuel in this process were significantly dependent on temperature, nature of catalyst and catalyst concentration. The maximum yield of oil reported at 500 C and even increased by adding 20% by weight of CB as catalyst and 10% by weight of Z-A. In this study, Mamdani Fuzzy inference System (FIS) is used in order to measure the performance of the process and can be analyzed with more objectives, oriented through mathematical modelling and simulation. Mamdani Fuzzy inference was also introduced to identify the significant factors affecting the response and helps to determine the best possible factor level of combination. Finally, a regression model for liquid fuel from catalytic degradation of medical plastic wastes has been developed and mapped as a function of process parameters.

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Pyrolysis oil production from polypropylene plastic waste using molybdenum modified alumina-silica catalysts

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/201912201005 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 122 ◽

pp. 01005

Author(s):

Sasiradee Jantasee ◽

Natacha Phetyim ◽

Komm Petchinthorn ◽

Tunyahpat Thanupongmanee ◽

Nuntiporn Sripirom

Keyword(s):

Atmospheric Pressure ◽

Batch Reactor ◽

Product Yield ◽

Plastic Waste ◽

Department Of Energy ◽

Raw Material ◽

Pyrolysis Oil ◽

Pyrolysis Process ◽

Modified Alumina ◽

Lower Temperature

The production of pyrolysis oil from polypropylene plastic waste was examined over molybdenum modified alumina-silica catalysts (Mo/Al-Si). The reactions were carried out with 1 L of batch reactor under atmospheric pressure at 430 °C. The pyrolysis oil yield was in the order, 10% Mo/Al-Si > 5% Mo/Al-Si > the absence of catalyst. The 10% Mo/Al-Si was highest activity due to the stronger acidity facilitating the pyrolysis reaction. It accelerated the reaction to produce the pyrolysis oil at lower temperature. Comparison of the pyrolysis oil properties to the standards of the diesel fuel from Thai Department of Energy Business shows that the color and the distillation were within standards. Moreover, the results reveal that the kind of raw material affected the product yield of pyrolysis process.

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Production of Liquid Hydrocarbons from Plastic Wastes

International Journal of Engineering and Management Sciences ◽

10.21791/ijems.2019.4.39. ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 345-350

Author(s):

Zsolt Dobó ◽

Gergő Kecsmár ◽

Zsófia Jakab ◽

Gábor Nagy ◽

Tamás Koós

Keyword(s):

Fuel Consumption ◽

Batch Reactor ◽

Value Added ◽

Spark Ignition Engine ◽

Transportation Fuels ◽

Exhaust Gas Emission ◽

Plastic Wastes ◽

Commercial Gasoline ◽

Pyrolysis Oils ◽

Fuel Blending

Thermal pyrolysis of HDPE, LDPE, PP and PS plastic wastes were performed in a batch reactor and the yields of pyrolysis oils and liquid transportation fuels prepared by atmospheric distillation were determined. The gasoline fractions were tested in a traditional spark-ignition engine without any modifications or fuel blending. Fuel consumption and exhaust gas emission (NOx, CO) were measured and compared to a commercial fuel (RON = 95). PS generated 70.5% gasoline range hydrocarbons from the solid waste, followed by PP with 42.1%, LDPE with 40.8% and HDPE with 37.3%. The fuel consumption was reduced by 9.1-9.4% in the case of PS compared to reference measurement. Reduction in fuel consumption was noticeable at HDPE, LDPE and PP as well. PS gasoline decreased by 91-96%, while HDPE, LDPE and PP more likely increased the CO emission of the engine compared to commercial gasoline. The results show that pyrolysis of plastic wastes is a promising method to generate value added liquid transportation fuels and reduce the footprint of waste accumulation in landfills.

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Utilization of LDPE plastic waste on the quality of pyrolysis oil as an asphalt solvent alternative

Thermal Science and Engineering Progress ◽

10.1016/j.tsep.2021.100872 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

pp. 100872

Author(s):

Dedy Hariadi ◽

Sofyan M. Saleh ◽

R. Anwar Yamin ◽

Sri Aprilia

Keyword(s):

Plastic Waste ◽

Pyrolysis Oil

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Solvent-Free Benzylation of Glycerol by Benzyl Alcohol Using Heteropoly Acid Impregnated on K-10 Clay as Catalyst

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal11010034 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Devendra P. Tekale ◽

Ganapati D. Yadav ◽

Ajay K. Dalai

Keyword(s):

Heterogeneous Catalysis ◽

Benzyl Alcohol ◽

Batch Reactor ◽

Value Added ◽

Solvent Free ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Area Measurement ◽

Solid Catalyst ◽

Glycerol Ether ◽

Insight Into

Value addition to glycerol, the sole co-product in biodiesel production, will lead to reform of the overall biodiesel economy. Different valuable chemicals can be produced from glycerol using heterogeneous catalysis and these valuable chemicals are useful in industries such as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, fuels, soap, paints, and fine chemicals. Therefore, the conversion of glycerol to valuable chemicals using heterogeneous catalysis is a noteworthy area of research. Etherification of glycerol with alkenes or alcohols is an important reaction in converting glycerol to various value-added chemicals. This article describes reaction of glycerol with benzyl alcohol in solvent-free medium by using a clay supported modified heteropolyacid (HPA), Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40/K-10 (Cs-DTP/K-10) as solid catalyst and its comparison with other catalysts in a batch reactor. Mono-Benzyl glycerol ether (MBGE) was the major product formed in the reaction along with formation of di-benzyl glycerol ether (DBGE). The effects of different parameters were studied to optimize the reaction parameters. This work provides an insight into characterization of Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40/K-10 catalyst by advanced techniques such as surface area measurement, X-ray analysis, ICP-MS, FT-IR, and SEM. Reaction products were characterized and confirmed by using the GCMS method. The kinetic model was developed from an insight into the reaction mechanism. The apparent energy of activation was found to be 18.84 kcal/mol.

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