The position of the EU organic label among Hungarian consumers

The European Union's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has undergone many reforms and - over the past decades - has reached a level where food security issues are basic criteria for the European food production. From the beginning of the 1990s, the EU has been trying to reinforce this positive overall impression with quality systems which are regulated at the Community level. Basically, European decision-makers regard two areas as being of paramount importance: geographical indication and organic food. Each system has separate certifications and labels to help consumers make their decisions. Despite the fact that these products are also important factors of EU trade policy and in the case of geographical indications in Hungary, there has been a separate Origin Protection Program, the relationship between Central and Eastern Europe consumers with this system is a rather undiscovered area. That’s why the aim of this study is to investigate the awareness of the Hungarian consumers about the EU organic label and the factors that determine the awareness of the EU organic logo and the regular purchases. Not surprisingly, the awareness of the EU organic label and is still low despite the growing tendency in the recent years. The survey conducted in Hungary is based on a sample with 1,019 consumers. The online consumer survey was implemented during the second half of 2017. Results show that among the European food quality labels the organic label is one of the most recognized ones in Hungary, but its average awareness is still very low: less than every fourth Hungarian consumer knows what this label is for. The awareness of the EU organic logo is mainly determined by the sex (male), diet (fish consumption, (ovo)-vegetarian) and the place of purchase (alternative routes and internet). Regarding regular purchases, trust in the label and the system is crucial next to the age (younger ones), and purchase (supermarket). Therefore, in order to increase the sales of products with EU organic label, it is essential to sell bio food more widely, which will enable consumers to know more about organic products and the EU organic logo; as well as the application of a proper marketing strategy by companies to reach their potential target group, mainly the younger consumers. In any case, the future goal is to raise the awareness of bio and other quality systems (e.g. GI) products because the higher level of comsumers’ awareness and trust can lead to a higher level of consumer willingness to pay. And this results in mutual benefit for both producers and consumers.

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Between Individual Memory and Social Memory. What Do People in Poland Remember About 1989?

European Journal of Social Sciences ◽

10.26417/ejss.v3i1.p1-14 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Aneta Ostaszewska

Keyword(s):

Eastern Europe ◽

Collective Memory ◽

Central And Eastern Europe ◽

Social Memory ◽

Political Transformation ◽

The Past ◽

Individual Memory ◽

Collapse Of Communism ◽

The Individual ◽

The Relationship

30 years have passed since the events of 1989 that led to the collapse of communism in Central and Eastern Europe. In the paper the themes of social memory of political transformation in Poland in 1989 are discussed. The content of online statements collected from popular Polish news portals are analysed. When asking the question what events and experiences do Poles bring back when they think of 1989, I am interested in the relationship between the individual (biographical) memory and collective memory – the socially reconstructed knowledge of the past.

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Examining the Trends of Educational Variables in the Past Affecting Egypt’s Ability to Becoming Future-Proof in Facing Unemployment

Athens Journal of Mediterranean Studies ◽

10.30958/ajms.7-2-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 143-154

Author(s):

Mohamed El Khouli

Keyword(s):

Decision Makers ◽

Unemployment Rates ◽

The Past ◽

Target Period ◽

Egyptian Government ◽

Keywords Education ◽

Near Future ◽

Educational Variables ◽

The Relationship ◽

Unemployment Problem

This study aims to investigate the relationship between some educational variables and unemployment in Egypt, thus determining the most important educational variables influencing the high rates of unemployment during the period (2002–2012). According to the data that were available from each source for the synthesis of time series, it could be sufficient to examine the trends in the past as a suitable retrieval case. By excluding any fluctuations such as epidemics or revolutions affecting the systems of government, the findings may be utilized in shaping the future by decision makers in Egypt in optimal manner. Thus, it can determine the priorities of the Egyptian government when dealing seriously in order to solve the unemployment problem appropriately, with regard to the reduction of unemployment rates in the near future. More importantly, the results have shown that the number of graduates of theoretical facilities has a significant impact on increasing the number of unemployed in Egypt, according to the target period by the current study. Keywords: education, unemployment, Higher Education Systems (HES), Egypt

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Central and Eastern Europe: Imaginary Geographies, Geopolitics and Security Issues

Rocznik Instytutu Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej ◽

10.36874/riesw.2020.1.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 7-22

Author(s):

Nina Paulovicova ◽

Tomasz Stępniewski

Keyword(s):

Eastern Europe ◽

Soft Power ◽

Central And Eastern Europe ◽

Economic Recession ◽

Special Focus ◽

Eastern European ◽

Security Issues ◽

Imaginative Geographies ◽

Power Application ◽

The Eu

The following editorial offers a reflection on the situation of Central and Eastern Europe with a special focus on the European Union’s Eastern Neighbourhood and Russia. In the past few years, we have witnessed the divisive impact of neoliberalism, economic recession, Britain’s departure from the EU, the refugee and migrant crisis which further shattered societies along cultural lines, the aggressive expansionism of Russia exploiting the weakness of the West, and more recently, the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic with an unprecedented impact on societies, global health and economy. The editorial reflects on how Central and Eastern Europe scores among the imaginative geographies and how these imaginative geographies translate into geopolitics concerning hard and soft power application in the Eastern European Neighbourhood.

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The Role of Political Culture in Shaping Canadian, EU and US Disarmament Initiatives

Review of European and Russian Affairs ◽

10.22215/rera.v3i3.188 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Rouba Al-Fattal

Keyword(s):

Political Culture ◽

Soft Power ◽

The European Union ◽

Security Issues ◽

The Past ◽

The Us ◽

Foreign Policies ◽

Eu And Us ◽

The Eu

Canada and the European Union (EU) share, to a certain extent, a similar political culture, one based on multilateralism and the use of soft power. Nevertheless, over the past fifteen years Canada has been sometimes adopting disarmament policies that are similar to those of the EU and different from those of the US, while in other times it has been adopting policies that are similar to those of the US and different from those of the EU. This indicates that similarity in political culture alone is not sufficient enough to create convergence on foreign policies and that certain conditions must first be met for political culture to take precedence over neorealist explanations when dealing with security issues. Using Canadian, EU and US decisions on the issues of anti-personnel landmines and Iranian nuclear proliferation dilemma as case studies, this article analyses the conditions under which political culture plays a role in forming similar security policies.

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European Integration and Globalisation: The Experience of Financial Reporting

Cambridge yearbook of European legal studies ◽

10.5235/152888712802784261 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 105-122

Author(s):

Charlotte Villiers

Keyword(s):

International Relations ◽

European Integration ◽

Financial Reporting ◽

Seminal Paper ◽

The Past ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Eu

Much of the debate on European integration centres on the relationship between ‘globalisation’ and ‘Europeanisation’. Whereas the two processes have, in the past, been viewed separately there is now a broad recognition that a relationship exists between them. International relations and politics circles have observed this, but controversy exists over whether the two processes are antagonistic to each other or whether they are in fact ‘working in combination’. Professor Francis Snyder in the legal field asked, in his seminal paper, are they friends or rivals—’is the EU part of the problem or part of the solution in relation to globalisation?’

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European Integration and Globalisation: The Experience of Financial Reporting

Cambridge yearbook of European legal studies ◽

10.1017/s1528887000004298 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 105-122

Author(s):

Charlotte Villiers

Keyword(s):

International Relations ◽

European Integration ◽

Financial Reporting ◽

Seminal Paper ◽

The Past ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Eu

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Post-normal times: re-thinking the futures of the EU-Africa relationship

European Journal of Futures Research ◽

10.1186/s40309-020-00167-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Robin Bourgeois ◽

Frank Mattheis ◽

John Kotsopoulos

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Influential Factors ◽

Point Of View ◽

The European Union ◽

Related Factors ◽

The Past ◽

The Future ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Eu

Abstract The nature of the relationship between the European Union (EU) and Africa is in permanent evolution. Historically, the EU mostly dominated the relationship while Africa developed adaptive/reactive strategies. With the establishment of new powers as well as efforts to decolonise the thought and practise of North-South interactions, it is crucial to understand what the future of the relationship could be. The purpose of this paper is to draw lessons from the “Broadening the debate on EU-Africa relations” workshop whose aim was to advance perspectives on EU-Africa relations from the point of view of African scholars. The process consisted of identifying major influential factors in the relationship and assessing what role they played in the past and what role they could play in the future. The results indicate a decline of the importance of EU-dominated factors and the emergence of African agency related factors. We interpret these results as a transformation of this relationship, using the concept “post-normal” to highlight indeterminacy, insolvability and irreversibility as the new context. Implications are discussed regarding the type of research that needs to be developed in order to further investigate this transformation, particularly the meaning of a shifting focus from (normal times) EU-Africa relationship to (post-normal times) Africa-EU relationships.

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Battle of the hearts: China’s aim to become a soft (super)power and Europe’s response

European View ◽

10.1177/17816858211055553 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 178168582110555

Author(s):

Janne Leino

Keyword(s):

Soft Power ◽

Decision Makers ◽

The Past ◽

Global Power ◽

The World ◽

Military Development ◽

The Eu ◽

At Home

While China has made remarkable advances in its economic, technological and military development over the past decades, its perceived influence and reputation are declining in some parts of the world. This poses a problem for Chinese decision-makers as the country’s self-proclaimed goal to become a leading global power relies on its build-up of soft power, that is, the ability to influence others by persuasion rather than coercion. The article examines why China, despite the increasingly nationalist tendencies at home, will continue its international push to become a soft (super)power, and discusses how the EU should react.

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Pengaruh Antara Electronic Word of Mouth, Citra Objek Wisata, dan Wisata Halal terhadap Travel Intention melalui Attitude toward Destination (Studi Kasus pada Pengambil Keputusan untuk Wisata Jadetabek)

Jurnal Al Azhar Indonesia Seri Ilmu Sosial ◽

10.36722/jaiss.v1i1.455 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Fadlan Fadlullah ◽

Hanny Nurlatifah

Keyword(s):

Path Analysis ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Word Of Mouth ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Destination Image ◽

Electronic Word Of Mouth ◽

Real Relationship ◽

The Past ◽

The Relationship

Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara Electronic Word of Mouth, Destination Image, dan Halal Islamic Tourism terhadap Travel Intention melalui Attitude Toward Destination. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis jalur (Path Analysis). Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pengambil keputusan memilih paket wisata destinasi halal. Sampel dari penelitian ini adalah pengambil keputusan yang berniat melakukan perjalanan dalam kurun waktu 1 tahun terakhir untuk wilayah Jadetabek, sebanyak 103 responden dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Hubungan antara variabel Electronic Word of Mouth, Destination Image, dan Halal Islamic Tourism pada Halal Destination yang memiliki hubungan nyata terhadap variabel Attitude Toward Destination adalah variabel Destination Image. Hubungan antara variabel Electronic Word Of Mouth, Destination Image, Halal Islamic Tourism, dan Attitude Toward Destination terhadap variabel Travel Intention pada Halal Destination yang memiliki hubungan nyata terhadap variabel Travel Intentio adalah variabel Destination Image.Kata Kunci : Electronic Word Of Mouth, Destination Image, Halal Islamic Tourism, Attitude Toward Destination, Travel IntentionAbstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Electronic Word of Mouth, Destination Image, and Halal Islamic Tourism on Travel Intention through the Attitude Toward Destination. Data analysis methods used are descriptive analysis and path analysis. The population in this study is the decision maker to choose halal destination tourism packages. The sample of this research is the decision makers who intend to travel within the past 1 year for the Jadetabek region, as many as 103 respondents using purposive sampling method. The relationship between Electronic Word of Mouth, Destination Image, and Halal Islamic Tourism variables in Halal Destination that have a real relationship with the Attitude Toward Destination variable is the Destination Image variable. The relationship between Electronic Word of Mouth variables, Destination Image, Halal Islamic Tourism, and Attitude Toward Destination to the Travel Intention variable at Halal Destination that has a real relationship to the Travel Intentio variable is the Destination Image variable.Keywords: Electronic Word Of Mouth, Destination Image, Halal Islamic Tourism, Attitude Toward Destination, Travel Intention

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Wśród szans i barier. Aktualne problemy współpracy Unii Europejskiej z Białorusią

Wrocławskie Studia Politologiczne ◽

10.19195/1643-0328.24.11 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 149-163

Author(s):

Łukasz Wojcieszak

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Economic Aspect ◽

The European Union ◽

Eastern Partnership ◽

The Past ◽

The Future ◽

The Relationship ◽

New Phase ◽

The Eu

Between chances and barriers. Current problems of cooperation between the European Union and BelarusThe article shows the complexity of the relationship between the European Union and Belarus. Despite efforts of the EU diplomacy these relations have faced a number of problems since years. Currently, they entered into a new phase, which raises hope for a closer cooperation. The author shows the importance of the relationship between Belarus and Russia, development of EU relations over the past years and the role of the Eastern Partnership and Poland as a country particularly interested in developing cooperation with Belarus. The author presents the areas of cooperation with Belarus, in particular he focuses on the economic aspect of the cooperationEven though the relationship between the EU and Belarus currently develops it is not clear if this will continue in the future.

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