scholarly journals Factors associated with failure to wean children from mechanical ventilators

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dyah Kanya Wati ◽  
Antonius Pudjiadi ◽  
Abdul Latief
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Mechanical Ventilator ◽  
Mechanical Ventilators ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Lower Ratio

Background Patients with failure to wean from mechanicalventilators in 48 hours have increased risk of morbidity, howeveronly a few protocols can be used for children.Objective To assess possible factors associated with failure towean from mechanical ventilators in the pediatric intensive careunit (PICU).Methods This cross sectional study performed from June 2011 toJune 2012 had 124 subjects with 79 patients who were successfullyweaned and 45 patients who fail to be wean ed from mechanicalventilators. Data was analyzed by 2x2 contingency tables. Resultswith P value <0.05 were further analysis by logistic regressionmultivariate analysis.Results Factors associated with failure to wean from mechanicalventilators were abn ormal electrolyte (P= 0.001) and acidbase status (P <0.001), lower ratio between tidal volume(TV)/inspiration time (IT) (P<0.001), lower mechanical load(P <0.001), and longer duration of mechanical ventilator use(P<0.001). Multivariate analyses revealed that the significantrisk factors for failure to wean were TV/IT (OR6.0; 95%CI3.5 to7.5; P= 0.001) , mechanical load (OR 11.5, 95%CI 10.3 to 15.5;P= 0.002), and duration of mechanical ventilator use (OR 12.5;95%CI 8.5to 14.9; P=0.026).Conclusions Lower ratio of TV /IT and mechanical load, as wellas longer duration of ventilator use are factors associated withfailure to wean from a mechanical ventilator.

scholarly journals Tablet and web-based audiometry to screen for hearing loss in adults with cystic fibrosis

Thorax ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 632-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anitha Vijayasingam ◽  
Emily Frost ◽  
Julie Wilkins ◽  
Lise Gillen ◽  
Presanna Premachandra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Web Based ◽  
High Frequency Audiometry ◽  
Increased Risk

IntroductionIndividuals with chronic lung disease (eg, cystic fibrosis (CF)) often receive antimicrobial therapy including aminoglycosides resulting in ototoxicity. Extended high-frequency audiometry has increased sensitivity for ototoxicity detection, but diagnostic audiometry in a sound-booth is costly, time-consuming and requires a trained audiologist. This cross-sectional study analysed tablet-based audiometry (Shoebox MD) performed by non-audiologists in an outpatient setting, alongside home web-based audiometry (3D Tune-In) to screen for hearing loss in adults with CF.MethodsHearing was analysed in 126 CF adults using validated questionnaires, a web self-hearing test (0.5 to 4 kHz), tablet (0.25 to 12 kHz) and sound-booth audiometry (0.25 to 12 kHz). A threshold of ≥25 dB hearing loss at ≥1 audiometric frequency was considered abnormal. Demographics and mitochondrial DNA sequencing were used to analyse risk factors, and accuracy and usability of hearing tests determined.ResultsPrevalence of hearing loss within any frequency band tested was 48%. Multivariate analysis showed age (OR 1.127; (95% CI: 1.07 to 1.18; p value<0.0001) per year older) and total intravenous antibiotic days over 10 years (OR 1.006; (95% CI: 1.002 to 1.010; p value=0.004) per further intravenous day) were significantly associated with increased risk of hearing loss. Tablet audiometry had good usability, was 93% sensitive, 88% specific with 94% negative predictive value to screen for hearing loss compared with web self-test audiometry and questionnaires which had poor sensitivity (17% and 13%, respectively). Intraclass correlation (ICC) of tablet versus sound-booth audiometry showed high correlation (ICC >0.9) at all frequencies ≥4 kHz.ConclusionsAdults with CF have a high prevalence of drug-related hearing loss and tablet-based audiometry can be a practical, accurate screening tool within integrated ototoxicity monitoring programmes for early detection.

scholarly journals Study of Patients with First unprovoked Seizure in the Eastern Part of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Dilli Ram Kafle ◽  
Surendra Sah ◽  
Miluna Bhusal
Keyword(s):  
Recurrence Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Seizure Recurrence ◽  
Unprovoked Seizure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Neuro Imaging

Background: About 5-10% of the population get at least one seizure in their lifetime. Treatment is started in patients with first unprovoked seizure if the risk of seizure recurrence is predicted to be high. If patients with first seizure are not treated 40-50% of patients develop recurrence within 2 years of the initial seizure. Starting treatment may cause reduction in the risk of recurrence by almost one half. The aim of the study was to identify the factors causing recurrence in patients with first unprovoked seizure. Materials and Methods: It is a prospective cross-sectional study conducted at Nobel Medical College from March 2015 to March 2019. Patients who presented to Nobel Medical College with first unprovoked seizure were enrolled in the study with follow up during the hospital visit. Results: Eighty six patients participated in our study. Recurrence of seizure occurred in 21(24.4%) patients within the study period of 4 years. Abnormal Electroencephalography was significantly associated with recurrence of seizure in patients with first seizure. (P value<0.001) Neuro imaging abnormality was also associated with increased risk of seizure recurrence (Pvalue<0.001) .Starting an antiepileptic after first seizure reduced the risk of further seizure. Conclusion: Recurrence of seizure was observed in almost a quarter of patients within the study period of four years. Recurrence risk was higher in those patients with abnormal Electro encephalography and in those patients with identified cause than those patients whose seizure was assumed to be idiopathic.

scholarly journals Prevalence of microalbuminuria and associated factors among HIV − infected ART naïve patients at Mulago hospital: a cross-sectional study in Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Kiggundu ◽  
Robert Kalyesubula ◽  
Irene Andia-Biraro ◽  
Gyaviira Makanga ◽  
Pauline Byakika-Kibwika
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
P Value ◽  
Mulago Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background HIV infection affects multiple organs and the kidney is a common target making renal disease, one of the recognized complications. Microalbuminuria represents an early, important marker of kidney damage in several populations including HIV-infected antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve patients. Early detection of microalbuminuria is critical to slowing down progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in HIV-infected patients, however, the burden of microalbuminuria in HIV-infected antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve patients in Uganda is unclear. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Mulago Immune suppression syndrome (ISS) clinic among adult HIV − infected ART naïve outpatients. Data on patient demographics, medical history was collected. Physical examination was performed to assess body mass index (BMI) and hypertension. A single spot morning urine sample from each participant was analysed for microalbuminuria using spectrophotometry and colorimetry. Microalbuminuria was defined by a urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) 30-299 mg/g and macroalbuminuria by a UACR > 300 mg/g. To assess the factors associated with microalbuminuria, chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, quantile regression and logistic regression were used. Results A total of 185 adult participants were consecutively enrolled with median age and CD4+ counts of 33(IQR = 28–40) years and 428 (IQR = 145–689) cells/μL respectively. The prevalence of microalbuminuria was 18.9% (95% CI, 14–25%). None of the participants had macroalbuminuria. CD4+ count <350cells/μL was associated with increased risk of microalbuminuria (OR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.12–0.59), P value = 0.001). Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, alcohol intake were not found to be significantly associated with microalbuminuria. Conclusion Microalbuminuria was highly prevalent in adult HIV − infected ART naive patients especially those with low CD4+ count. There is need to study the effect of ART on microalbuminuria in adult HIV − infected patients.

scholarly journals A study of the factors affecting the receding age of onset of menarche in young girls

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2813
Author(s):  
Noor Dharmarha ◽  
Anuradha Konda
Keyword(s):  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Urban Indian ◽  
Age Of Menarche

Background: Present study highlights that the worldwide trend of declining age at menarche is also seen in urban Indian girls. The aim of the study was to evaluate the age of menarche and to find out the factors associated with the timing of menarche.Methods: The study was an observational cross sectional study. 258 healthy, menstruating, adolescent girls aged 10-16 years, were selected by simple random sampling. Pre-designed structured questionnaires were distributed after taking informed consent. Anthropometric measurements were taken using standard techniques. The average age of menarche was calculated. The association of the age at menarche with the proposed factors was analyzed using chi square test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. “P value” less than 0.05 was considered as significant.Results: The mean age at menarche was found to be 12.23±1.09 years. The study found a strong association between the respondent’s age at menarche and her sister’s age at menarche (p=0.002). The study also found a strong association between age at menarche and the socioeconomic status (p=0.021). This study however found no association of menarcheal age with factors like birth weight, type of diet, frequency of milk intake, body mass index, waist hip ratio, amount of exercise, unstable environment at home and psychosocial stress.Conclusions: The worldwide trend of declining age at menarche is also seen in urban Indian girls. This trend underlines the importance of investigating the factors associated with it and studying the future implications of a lower age at menarche.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Increased Risk for Clinical Insomnia in Patients with Postherpetic Neuralgia: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Pain Medicine ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 1917-1922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Hoon Lee ◽  
Ji Eun Park ◽  
Duck Mi Yoon ◽  
Kyung Bong Yoon ◽  
Kiwook Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postherpetic Neuralgia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Increased Risk

scholarly journals Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan Dengan Unmet Need KB Pasca-Salin IUD post-placenta di Kamar Rawat Pasca-bersalin RSUP DR. M. Djamil periode Januari-Maret 2013

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Sari Handayani Utami ◽  
Desmiwati Desmiwati2 ◽  
Endrinaldi Endrinaldi
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

AbstrakWanita pada periode post-partum memiliki angka unmet need terhadap kontrasepsi, padahal ini waktu yang tepat untuk mulai memakai kontrasepsi. Salah satu kontrasepsi pasca-salin terkini yang mulai disosialisasikan adalah IUD post-placenta. Namun demikian, masih belum banyak wanita pasangan usia subur yang menggunakan alat kontrasepsi ini bahkan mengetahuinya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan unmet need KB pasca-salin IUD post-placenta. Jenis penelitian survey dengan desain cross sectional study. Waktu pengambilan data dari 12 Januari sampai dengan 12 Maret 2013. Sampel adalah wanita pasangan usia subur yang melahirkan pervaginam dan dipilih secara accidental sampling. Penelitian dilakukan pada 88 orang responden dengan 50 orang bukan akseptor KB IUD post-placenta dan 38 orang akseptor KB IUD Post-placenta. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner melalui wawancara terpimpin. Data dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor yang memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan unmet need IUD post-placenta adalah faktor pengetahuan (p value = 0,001), sedangkan faktor lain yang tidak memiliki hubungan signifikan adalah faktor pendidikan (p value = 0,222), faktor status ekonomi (p value = 1,000), dan faktor konseling KB (p value = 0,583).Kata kunci: faktor yang berhubungan, unmet need, KB pasca-salin, IUD post-placentaAbstractThe women in post-partum period have unmet need rate to contraception, whereas it’s approriate time to start using contraception. One of recent post-partum contraception method is IUD post-placenta. But, only a few women of fertile age couple use this contraception even has known it. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated to unmet need of post-partum contraception IUD post-placenta. This survey study with cross sectional design study. The data was collected from January 12 until March 12 2013. The subject were women of fertile age couple who give birth per vaginam and selected by accidental sampling. This study had 88 respondents consists of 50 as not IUD Post-placenta acceptors and 38 respondents as IUD post-placenta acceptors. The data collected by using questionnaire through guided interview and analyzed through univariate and bivariate.The result of analysis showed that the factor had significant relation to unmet need of IUD post-placenta is knowledge (p value = 0,001), while another factors did not have significant relation are education level (p value = 0,222), economic level (p value=1,000), and family planning counselling (p value=0,583).Keywords:the relating factors, unmet need, post-partum contraception, IUDpost-placenta

scholarly journals The Association Between Time in Range %, and Physical & Functional Indices Amongst Older People With Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A477-A478
Author(s):  
Yamit Basson-Shleymovich ◽  
Tali Cukierman-Yaffe ◽  
Tal Yahalom-Peri ◽  
Michal Azmon
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Older People ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Extremity Strength ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Time In Range

Abstract Diabetes is a major public health burden associated with high mortality, morbidity, hospitalization and health care services utilization rates. People with diabetes have an increased risk for mobility disability compared to those without diabetes, after controlling for age. People with diabetes also have a higher risk for falls and fractures. Data from the last several years suggests that this increased risk is not only due to diabetes co-morbidities but also due to an accelerated decline in physical capacity due to lower muscle quality and a more rapid decline in muscle mass (sarcopenia) and lower extremity strength over time. HBA1C is a measure of average glucose levels; however, it does not provide information about glycemic variability, or daily patterns of glycemia. In the last several years, several organizations have published consensus statements on the role of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in glucose control. The use of CGM has brought about the development of many glucose indices, amongst them is: Time In Range% (TIR) of 70–180 mg/dL (3.9–10 mmol/L). Less is known regarding the association between TIR and sarcopenia, muscle mass loss that leads to deterioration in mobility, disabilities and decline in physical indices in older people with diabetes. Aims: To assess among older people with diabetes type 2, the cross sectional association between: TIR and aerobic capacity, gait speed, strength, balance and frailty indices. Methods: A cross sectional study, conducted amongst people with diabetes over the age of 60. Participants were provided with a blinded CGM system- (I Pro2 carelink, Medtronic) for 1 week and underwent elaborate physical-functional assessment in the beginning and at the end of that week. The association between the % of time in range (Time in Range-TIR) and several physical indices was determined using linear regression. Results: This analysis pertains to 55 men and women who completed the evaluation. After adjustment for age and gender, we found that 1% increase in TIR was associated with a 0.341 higher score on the 30 second Sit to Stand score (a measure of lower extremity strength) (P-value=0.02), a 0.351 higher score on the BERG scale (a measure of balance) (P-value=0.01), a 0.271 lower score on the timed up and go score (a measure of fall risk and balance) (P-value=0.008), a 0.289 higher score on the 6-minute walk score (a measure of aerobic capacity and endurance) (P-value=0.02) and a 0.261 lower score on the 360 turn test (a measure of dynamic balance) (P-value=0.0004). The same was not observed for the relationship between HGA1C & physical indices.

scholarly journals Relationship between pediatric liquid medicines (PLMs) and dental caries in chronically ill children

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Ankita Goyal ◽  
Vatchala Rani ◽  
Bhadravathi Cheluvaiah Manjunath ◽  
Kanupriya Rathore
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Chronically Ill Children

Introduction: Purpose of this research is to assess the relationship between long-term pediatric liquid medicines (PLMs) consumption and dental caries in 2–12-years-old chronically ill children. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in a public pediatric hospital in India for a period of 6 months. A total of 455 children aged 2–12 years old with various chronic diseases who were receiving PLMs for more than 6 months were selected as the subjects in this study and compared with 531 children of similar age group and diseases who received other forms of medication. Dental caries was measured by DMFT/dmft and data collected were analyzed with SPSS (17th version) using statistical tests such as t-test and one-way ANOVA. Univariable logistic regression was used where the significance was fixed at a a p value of less than 0.001. Results: Children on PLMs had an increased risk of dental caries than those on other forms of medications (OR: 3.142, 95% CI: 2.37–4.15, p < 0.001). The prevalence of dental caries was higher (77.8%) in children consuming PLMs when compared to other forms of medication (52.7%). The mean DMFT and dmft scores were significantly higher in the study group when compared to the control group (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Long-term consumption of pediatric liquid medicines containing sucrose as a risk factor for dental caries among chronically ill children. sugar free options has to be used during prescription to prevent medication-triggered caries.Keywords: Paediatric liquid medicine, medication-triggered caries, sugar-free medication

scholarly journals Factors associated with health facility delivery in Kitui County: a cross sectional study

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 522
Author(s):  
Mathew Munyamaara Mutiiria ◽  
Gabriel Gatimu Mbugua ◽  
Doris Marwanga
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Health Facility ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Facility Delivery ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Health Facility Delivery ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

Background: High maternal mortality rate is a major public health concern in developing countries.  Skilled birth delivery is central to reducing maternal mortality, yet health facility delivery remains low in Kitui County, Kenya. Our study estimated prevalence of unskilled delivery and identified factors associated with health facility delivery in Kitui County. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted December 2017-February 2018. 245 women from five administrative wards were interviewed. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Variables that had p value ≤0.05 in bivariate analysis were included in multivariable regression model to assess for confounders. Variables with a p value of ≤0.05 in multivariate analysis were considered statistically significant at 95% CI.  Results: We interviewed 245 (240 analyzed) women from the five wards; the majority were 16-25 years age group (45.5%; 110/240).  Mean age was 27±6.6 years. Prevalence of health facility delivery was 50.4%. Distance from a health facility, number of children in a household, occupation of the respondent’s partner, number of antenatal clinic (ANC) visits and means of transport were significant factors for not delivering in a health facility. On multivariate analysis, women who lived >5km from health facility were less likely to deliver in a health facility (AOR =0.36; 95% CI 0.15- 0.86). Women who attended ≥ 4 ANC visits were 4 times more likely to deliver in a health facility (95% CI 2.01-8.79). Conclusions: More than half of the respondents delivered in a health facility. A long distance from the health facility is a hindrance to accessing ANC services. Inadequate ANC visits was associated with home delivery. Improving accessibility of health care services and health education on family planning would increase delivery at a health facility. We recommend Kitui County introduce five satellite clinics/ambulatory services for expectant women to access ANC and maternal services.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors of Utero-Vaginal Prolapse in AddisAbaba, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zelalem Mekuria ◽  
Abdu Mengesha ◽  
Girma Seyoum
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Home Delivery ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Uterovaginal Prolapse ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Background: Uterovaginal prolapse (UVP) is a major women’s health concern throughout the world. Globally, 2-20% of all women are affected by UVP. The mean prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse in developing countries is 19.7%. The prevalence of UVP in Ethiopia is 18.55% among all gynecological operations. UVP is a source of severe morbidity and psychological upheaval to the patient, who is often socially withdrawn and stigmatized. UVP negatively affects socioeconomic and reproductive activity of affected women. It is, therefore, of interest to study its prevalence and factors associated with the condition.Methodology: Institution-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in selected Addis Ababa city governmental hospitals and the medical record charts of women admitted in the respective gynecology wards were reviewed. The medical records included in this study were those from March 2017 to February 2019 G.C. and 400 records of admitted women were randomly selected. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 statistical package. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out to determine factors associated with UVP. A p-value < 0.05 was considered as significant.Result: Out of the3,949 admitted women, the prevalence of UVP was 12.8%. The leading determinants of UVP were menopause (OR = 2.611 (at 95 % CI: 1.531, 3.838), age > 40 years (OR = 2.143 (at 95 % CI:1.496, 6.602), parity of > 4 (OR = 4.201 (at 95 % CI 1.652, 10.685), age at first delivery of < 20 years old (OR = 7.988(2.682, 23.792) and home delivery (OR = 1.380 (at 95 % CI:1.212, 2.572). Conclusion: The prevalence of UVP in this study was relatively high. The major risk factors of UVP were menopause, having > 4 deliveries, age > 40 years, age at first delivery < 20 years old and home delivery. Therefore, the findings of this investigation, especially identification of risk factors of UVP, could serve as a basis for taking steps for preventing or reducing the prevalence of UVP and related complications.

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