Risk factors for miliary tuberculosis in children

Background Miliary tuberculosis (TB) is a fatal form of tuberculosis with severe clinical symptoms and complications. The mortality rate from this disease remains high, therefore, it is important to identify the risk factors for miliary TB for early detection and treatment.Objective To identify risk factors for miliary tuberculosis in children.Methods A case-control study of children aged 0-14 years with miliary TB was conducted in Dr. Soetomo Hospital from 2010 to 2015. Data were taken from medical records. Case subjects were children with miliary TB, and control subjects were children with pulmonary TB . Patients with incomplete medical records were excluded. Case subjects were identified from the total patient population; control subjects were included by purposive sampling, with case:control ratio of 1:1. Potential risk factors were age, nutritional status, BCG immunization status, and history of contact with TB patients. Statistical analyses were done with Chi-square and logistic regression tests. P values < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.Results A total of 72 children were analyzed, with 36 case and 36 control subjects. Nutritional status had a significant associatation with miliary TB in children (OR 3.182; 95%CI 1.206 to 8.398; P=0.018) in both bivariate and multivariate analyses. The probability of a child with moderate or severe undernutrition developing miliary TB was 76.09%. Other factors were not significantly associated with miliary TB.Conclusion Nutritional status is significantly associated with miliary TB in children, and moderate or severe undernutrition increases the risk for developing miliary TB.

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Risk factors for relapse in pediatric nephrotic syndrome

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi58.5.2018.238-41 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 58 (5) ◽

pp. 238-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Husein Albar ◽

Fadel Bilondatu ◽

Dasril Daud

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Nephrotic Syndrome ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Chi Square ◽

Female Ratio ◽

High Relapse Rate ◽

Potential Risk Factors

Background Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is the most common kidney disease in children and is characterized by edema, massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperlipidemia. High relapse rate remains a major problem in the management of this syndrome. Objective To identify risk factors for relapse in pediatric nephrotic syndrome. Methods This study was carried out in the Wahidin Sudirohusodo Teaching Hospital in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, from January to August 2017 using complete medical records of children diagnosed with NS. Subjects were divided into 2 groups: 1) relapsed NS or 2) non-relapsed NS. The following potential risk factors for relapse were analyzed using Chi-square test: age, sex, nutritional status, hypertension, serum creatinine level, and infection at the time of established diagnosis of NS. Results A total of 142 children with NS who fulfilled the inclusion criteria aged 1.4 to 17.5 years were included in the study. Subjects were mostly boys (66.2%), with a male: female ratio of 1.95:1. The relapsed NS group had 80 cases (56.3%) and the non-relapsed NS group had 62 cases (43.7%). Statistical analysis revealed that nutritional status was a significant risk factor for relapse in pediatric nephrotic syndrome (P<0.05). Conclusion Nutritional status is an independent risk factor for relapse in pediatric nephrotic syndrome.

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Risk Factors Pneumonia Occurrence In The Work Area Of Puskesmas Rao Pasaman Regency Year 2017

Jurnal Kesehatan ◽

10.35730/jk.v9i2.364 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 149

Author(s):

Yulia Puspita Sari ◽

Rahmi Kurnia Gustin

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Community Health Center ◽

Control Sample ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Work Area ◽

And Control

Pneumonia is the premier killer of toddlers in the world. Ministry of Health RI prevalence of Pneumonia in infants in Indonesia in 2014 range between 23% -27%. Cases of Pneumonia in the Work Area Rao PuskesmasPasaman District in 2016 found 20 cases. This study aims to determine the risk factors of Pneumonia incidence in infants in the Rao Pasum Community Health Center Working Area 2017, including, Exclusive Breast, Nutritional Status, Drug Use Mosquito Fuel, and Use of Cooking Fuel. The design of this study used the case-control study. The research started from March to September 2017 in the Work Area of Puskesmas Rao Pasaman District. The case population as many as 20 cases and the control in this research is the mother who has a toddler who does not suffer from Pneumonia. The sample of the case using formula as many as 11 cases with the technique of simple random sampling and control sample 11 respondents taken by purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using chi-square (95% CI, α = 0,05). Results of analysis of exclusive breastfed variables with the incidence of pneumonia in toddlers in get p = 0.003; OR = 45, Nutritional status was obtained p-value = 0,024; OR = 17,500, The use of Mosquito Drugs obtained p = 0,659; OR = 2,222, and Cooking Usage result p = 1,000; OR = 1.524.It can be concluded that Exclusive Breast Milk and Nutritional Status are statistically related and a risk factor for the incidence of Pneumonia (p <0.05), while the Use of Mosquito and Cooking Fossil is statistically unrelated and is a risk factor for the occurrence of Pneumonia (p> 0, 05). It is suggested to Rao PuskesmasPasaman to increase P2 ISPA program in prevention and prevention of pneumonia disease in under-fives.

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Prevalence of diarrhoea, and associated risk factors, in children aged 0-5 years, at two hospitals in Umuahia, Abia, Nigeria

UNED Research Journal ◽

10.22458/urj.v9i1.1672 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 7-14

Author(s):

Adanma Florence Nwaoha ◽

Camelita Chima Ohaeri ◽

Ebube Charles Amaechi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Health Workers ◽

Age Groups ◽

Medical Centers ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Stool Samples ◽

The Government ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

And Control

Diarrhoea is the second leading cause of infectious morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age. This study aimed at identifying the most common parasites and potential risk factors for diarrhoea among children 0-5 years attending Abia State Specialist hospital and Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, in south eastern Nigeria. We used 400 faecal samples from children with diarrhoea –and 200 without– in combination with hospital-based case control and a questionnaire Stool samples were processed with direct normal saline and formal-ether sedimentation method for parasitological studies. More males than females were infected in nearly all age groups in both diarrhoeal and control groups (X2=23.04, df=1, P<0.05: X2=11.52, df=1, P<0.05 respectively). Amachara had more infections (X2=0.15, df=1, P< 0.05). January had the highest rate of infection (22.5%). Main clinical features were watery depositions over 3 times a day, diarrhoea lasting for days, fever, vomiting, and dehydration. Mothers learned about the problem through health workers, television and in medical centers. Risk correlated with mother’s education, occupation, latrine type, waste water disposal, hand washing, kitchen cleaning; sources and storage of water; and bottle milk (P< 0.05).Ignorance greatly contributed to the spread of parasitic disease in the area: the government should improve education and other strategies to alleviate the spread of the disease..

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High preterm birth at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital as a national referral hospital in Indonesia

Medical Journal of Indonesia ◽

10.13181/mji.v26i3.1454 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 198-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ali Sungkar ◽

Adly N.A. Fattah ◽

Raymond Surya ◽

Budi I. Santoso ◽

Ivica Zalud

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Preterm Birth ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

Numerical Data ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Singleton Pregnancy ◽

Chi Square ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

National Referral Hospital

Background: Preterm birth is the leading direct that causes neonatal death. Indonesia was listed as one of the countries with the greatest number of preterm birth in 2010. This study aims to identify the prevalence and the potential risk factors of preterm birth among women underwent delivery in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, an Indonesian national reference hospital.Methods: This retrospective cohort study involved 2,612 women who delivered between January and December 2013. Any clinical data which related to the potential risk factors and outcomes were recorded. The data were managed using chi-square for bivariate analysis and t-test or Mann-Whitney for numerical data followed by multiple logistic regression for multivariate analysis in SPSS version 20.0.Results: Preterm birth affected 1,020 of 2,616 pregnancies (38.5%). Non-booked patients increased nearly twice risk for preterm delivery (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.37–2.61). While women with singleton pregnancy (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.12–0.25), head presentation (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.63–0.89), and regular ANC (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.54–0.84) had lower risk for preterm birth. Apgar score, birthweight, and mode of delivery were significantly different between the pre-term group and the full-term group.Conclusion: Prevalence of preterm birth in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital was approximately 2.5 times higher compared to the national number. Several factors reducing preterm birth rate include singleton pregnancy, head presentation, and regular ANC.

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Risk factors for mortality in children with Wilms tumor

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi56.4.2016.226-9 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 226

Author(s):

Yuni Purwanti ◽

Sutaryo Sutaryo ◽

Sri Mulatsih ◽

Pungky Ardani Kusuma

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Wilms Tumor ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Stage Iii ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Potential Risk Factors

Background Wilms tumor is the most common renal malignancy in children (95%) and one of the leading causes of death in children, with high mortality rates in developing countries. Identifying risk factors for mortality is important in order to provide early intervention to improve cure rates.Objective To identify risk factors for mortality in children with Wilms tumor.Methods We performed a case-control study of children (0-18 years of age) with Wilms tumor admitted to Dr. Sardjito Hospital between 2005 and 2012. The case group consisted of children who died of Wilms tumor, whereas the control group were children who survived. Data were collected from medical records. Statistical analyses using Chi-square and logistic regression tests were done to determine odds ratios and 95% CI of the potential risk factors for mortality from Wilms tumor.Results Thirty-five children with Wilms tumor were admitted to Dr. Sardjito Hospital during the study period. Nine (26%) children died and 26 survived. Stage ≥III was a significant risk factor for mortality in chidren with Wilms tumor (OR 62.8; 95%CI 5.6 to 70.5). Age ≥2 years (OR 1.4; 95%CI 0.1 to 14.3) and male sex (OR 1.2; 95%CI 0.1 to 10.8) were not significant risk factors for mortality.Conclusion Stage ≥III is a risk factor for mortality in children with Wilms tumor.

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Risk factors and regional variations of malnutrition among children under 5 in Myanmar: cross-sectional analyses at national and subnational levels

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030894 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. e030894 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hnin Thiri Khaing ◽

Shuhei Nomura ◽

Daisuke Yoneoka ◽

Peter Ueda ◽

Kenji Shibuya

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Regression Models ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Regional Variations ◽

Targeted Interventions ◽

Maternal Nutritional Status ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Children Under 5

ObjectiveThe levels, distributions of child malnutrition and its potential risk factors are not very well known in Myanmar. The objectives included in this study were: to estimate the current national and subnational prevalence of four types of malnutrition (stunting, wasting, underweight and overweight) among children under 5 in Myanmar; to identify potential risk factors associated with each type of malnutrition and to investigate how the identified risk factors’ distributions explained the regional disparities in malnutrition prevalence.Design/methodsData from the Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey 2015–2016 were used to estimate the prevalence of four types of malnutrition at both national and subnational levels (15 regions). Logistic regression models were applied to examine the association between each type of malnutrition and its risk factors, including child’s factors, parental social status and household conditions. The risk factor-adjusted prevalence of the malnutrition was estimated at the subnational level based on the estimated parameters from the regression models.ResultsThe national prevalence of stunting, wasting, underweight and overweight in children under 5 was estimated to be 29.1% (95% CI 27.7% to 30.6%), 6.8% (6.0% to 7.6%), 18.3% (17.0% to 19.5%) and 1.5% (1.1% to 1.9%), respectively. Substantial regional variations in the prevalence of each type of malnutrition were observed. Several risk factors of each type of malnutrition were identified, including low birth weight (LBW) and inadequate maternal nutritional status. Except for overweight, regional variations largely persisted even after adjustment for the risk factors investigated.ConclusionThe prevalence of malnutrition among children under 5 is still high in Myanmar, most commonly stunting. Targeted interventions aimed at prevention of LBW, improving the maternal nutritional status, in addition to other sociodemographic conditions should be encouraged urgently. Further research is necessary to investigate the potential sources of regional variation in prevalence of malnutrition among children under 5 in the country.

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HYPERACTIVITY OF PLATELETS TO 5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

10.1055/s-0038-1643472 ◽

1987 ◽

Author(s):

J De Crée ◽

V Roels ◽

H Verhaegen

Keyword(s):

Platelet Aggregation ◽

Vascular Tissue ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Shape Change ◽

Control Group ◽

Platelet Activity ◽

Chi Square ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Irreversible Aggregation ◽

Peripheral Arterial

Controversy still exists about the exact role of platelets in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. However, patients with cardiovascular (CV) diseases have been reported to have enhanced platelet activity and to show hyperaggregability in response to common aggregators. Very little is known on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-induced platelet aggregation in these patients. In a previous preliminary study we observed an increased sensitivity of platelets in response to 5-HT in patients with CV diseases. We further showed that ketanserin, a selective 5-HT receptor antagonist both on platelets and vascular tissue, abolished the 5-HT dependent hyperreactivity of platelets in patients with CV diseases. In a prospective study we investigated platelet aggregation in response to 5-HT at 2 x 10-5Mol in 405 patients with various CV diseases as compared with an age-matched control group of 110 apparently healthy donors. Evaluation of the results was based on the presence of a second irreversible aggregation in response to 5-HT. The control subjects responded to 5-HT with a shape change and a weak, reversible aggregation, except for 9 of the 110 volunteers, where a second irreversible wave occurred (8%). In contrast, it was found that 119 out of 405 patients with CV diseases had a biphasic irreversible aggregation (29%) (Chi-square test : p < 0.0001). From these 405 patients 129 patients suffered from an acute myocardial infarction (AMI), between 4 and 14 days after the onset of symptoms, 78 patients suffered from ischemic heart disease (IHD), 99 patients from peripheral arterial obstructive disease (PAOD) and 99 patients from diabetes, without clinical symptoms of atherosclerosis. A secondary irreversible platelet aggregation to 5-HT was observed in 36% of patients with AMI, in 22% of patients with IHD, in 25% of patients with PAOD and in 31% of patients with diabetes, all the subgroups being significantly different from the control subjects (p <0.01). These findings suggest that platelets may play a role in the propagation and manifestations of CV diseases and that in diabetes the enhanced platelet activity may be a contributing risk factor in de development of atherosclerosis. Finally, since 5-HT is a potent mediator of vasospasm, treatment with ketanserin might be of therapeutic value in atherosclerosis, where platelet activation is thought to be involved.

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Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with chronic nonspecific pharyngitis: preliminary study

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215107006743 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 122 (1) ◽

pp. 61-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

İ Aladag ◽

Y Bulut ◽

M Guven ◽

A Eyibilen ◽

K Yelken

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Chi Square ◽

Control Subjects ◽

The Difference ◽

H Pylori ◽

And Control

AbstractBackground and objectives:Chronic nonspecific pharyngitis is a chronic inflammation of the pharynx. It is found worldwide, and treatment is difficult. The underlying aetiopathogenesis is still controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence in chronic nonspecific pharyngitis patients without other possible causative factors for chronic pharyngeal irritation and without H pylori gastric mucosal infection.Materials and methods:Forty-one patients with symptoms of chronic nonspecific pharyngitis and 30 healthy control subjects were enrolled in this prospective, controlled, clinical study. In both study and control groups, selected patients were shown to have gastric mucosa uninfected by H pylori, as demonstrated by the 14C-urea breath test. Comprehensive otorhinolaryngological examination did not elicit any factor contributing to the chronic pharyngeal complaint. Serum H pylori immunoglobulin G antibody titres were assayed using serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The difference between the study and control groups was analysed by the chi-square test (the likelihood ratio was used).Results:Thirty-two of the 41 patients (78 per cent) and 14 of the 30 control subjects (46.7 per cent) were found to be H pylori positive. Patients with chronic nonspecific pharyngitis were found to have a significantly higher rate of H pylori seropositivity than the control group (p = 0.016).Conclusion:These data may be important in developing future treatment strategies for chronic nonspecific pharyngitis.

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