scholarly journals Personnel Issues in the Omsk Diocese in the Late 19th — Early 20th Centuries and Mechanisms of Its Solution by the Diocesan Authorities

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
N.V. Dikova
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century

This article analyzes the reasons for the shortage of clergy in the Omsk diocese and the mechanisms for resolving this problem by the diocesan authorities from its formation in 1895 to 1917. It is noted that as a result of the annexation of the territory of South Kazakhstan and Northern Kyrgyzstan to the Russian Empire, the formation was completed administrative-territorial structure of the Steppe territory. The Steppe Governorate-General was formed in 1882, established by decree of Emperor Alexander III. On the basis of the decree, the Akmola, Semipalatan and Semirechensk districts were included in the composition of the Steppe Governorate-General. The Russian Orthodox Church, which was one of the main political institutions of the state, was given an important place in the system of spiritual management of the region and the implementation of the policy of Russification. Therefore, by the end of the 19th century, the formation of the institutional system of the Omsk diocese began there. One of the important aspects of the formation of the Omsk diocese was the solution of the personnel issue. The author explains the lack of personnel in the parishes and deaneries of the Omsk diocese by a number of factors — the territorial remoteness of the Steppe Territory from the European center of the country, the lack of educational institutions in Western Siberia that trained clergy, ethnoreligious heterogeneity of the Steppe Territory and the need for work among the Old Believers, sectarian and Muslim populations. Nevertheless, the diocesan authorities managed, although not to the full extent, to solve the personnel issue using various mechanisms: administrative appointment, transfers from other dioceses, and recruiting priests from other social sectors of Russian society.

scholarly journals Splits and sects in the Azov region and the authorities of the Russian Empire: Failed compromise in the nineteenth century

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 480-489
Author(s):  
Tamara S. Olenich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Interfaith Relations ◽  
Azov Region ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article discusses the features of the emergence and spread of sectarian organizations and Old Believer communities in the Azov region in the 19th century. It is shown that the processes of the spread of sectarian organizations century were very active, which is explained by the fact that sectarian organizations had a broad social base and expanded dynamically, despite restrictions from the official government. The laws in force at that time limited the activities carried out by the Russian Orthodox Church in counteracting the process of promoting sectarian teachings at that time. The article illustrates that some of the representatives of sectarianism disguised themselves as Orthodox and compactly lived within the boundaries of church parishes. Proselytizing sectarianism was especially active in the territory of the Yekaterinoslav province by organizations such as the Molokans, Khlysts, Skoptsy, Old Believers, and others. This article characterizes the prevailing political and legal conditions for the spread of the sects, as well as the features of the system of religious relations that have developed in the region. On the basis of archival data, the number of such sects as the Molokans, the Whips, the Old Believers and the Evangelists, etc., was studied. The specificity of religious relations between representatives of different religious groups in the Azov region is analyzed within the framework of a unique phenomenon — a polymodel system of the interfaith relations.

scholarly journals State-legal regulation of educational activity of Old Believers of the Perm province in the XIX — early XX century

2021 ◽  
pp. 149-161
Author(s):  
E. V. Shishkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Home Education ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
State Educational ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article analyzes the measures of the state-confessional policy of the Russian Empire in relation to the education of children of Old Believers in the 19th — early 20th centuries and their implementation in the Perm province. It is concluded that the religious policy of the state in relation to the education of the children of Old Believers was inconsistent and underwent all the fluctuations of the government course: from discriminatory measures in the second quarter of the 19th century until the softening of the policy of the authorities in the second half of the century. The conclusion is made about the ineffectiveness of prohibitive measures of the state in relation to teachers and schools of Old Believers, about a certain discrepancy in legislation and its application in the Perm province. The article provides data on the number of Old Believers’ students in various schools of the Perm province at the beginning of the 20th century, which indicates that only a small number of Old Believers preferred education in state educational institutions to traditional home education.

scholarly journals STEFAN KASHMENSKY AND HIS RELIGIOUS-EDUCATIONAL AND MISSIONARY ACTIVITIES IN THE VYATKA PROVINCE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-602
Author(s):  
M.Yu. Polovnikova
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Missionary Work ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

The article examines the life and work of one of the prominent missionaries and enlighteners of the Russian Empire of the second half of the 19th century, Stefan Kashmensky, based on archival materials and published sources. By virtue of the changed religious policy in the Russian Empire in the second half of the nineteenth century there were changes in religious education and missionary work in the Vyatka province. In the Vyatka Diocese, a special contribution to the development of missionary activity was made by the diocesan missionary, the archpriest Stefan Kashmensky. The article reflects the contribution of Stefan Kashmensky to the organization of full-fledged work with the Gentiles and Old Believers. To strengthen the work with non-believers on his initiative, the Vyatka Committee of the Orthodox Missionary Society was opened in the Vyatka province. Stefan Kashmensky contributed to the reorganization of missionary work with the Old Believers in the Vyatka Diocese. To this end, he, with the support of the clergy, opened an anti-scholastic school in the city of Vyatka to train missionaries from among the peasants. According to the decree of the Holy Synod, the experience of organizing schools against old believers was to spread throughout the Russian Empire. But the main result of the work of Stefan Kashmensky was the creation of the Vyatka brotherhood of St. Nicholas, which led the work in three main areas: with the Old Believers, with the non-Russian population and, later, with the sectarians. Thus, Stefan Kashmensky, through his activity, managed to improve the position of the Russian Orthodox Church in the Vyatka province and prepare missionaries for conducting religious work in all religious areas in the Vyatka Diocese.

scholarly journals To the question of old beleivers’faith in the Russian society at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries (researcher’s view of A. S. Prugavin)

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 03052
Author(s):  
Natalya Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Global Approach ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Religious Issue ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article analyzes the views of the religiosity researcher - A. S. Prugavin on the Old Believers as part of society in the Russian Empire at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. Data from the works of a religious scholar are given, unpublished materials identified by the author in the Russian State Archive of Literature and Arts (RSALA) in Prugavin's personal fund are analyzed. A comprehensive analysis of the researcher's materials allows us to note that Prugavin set himself broad tasks and used an integrated approach for research. He sought not only to understand the religious life of the Old Believers from within, but also to systematize the ways of studying this phenomenon in Russian society, classify the rumors in this social group, and determine the significance of the Old Believers for the country. Prugavin polemicized both with representatives of the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC), whose view of the Old Believers remained sharply negative, and with representatives of the authorities who perceived the Old Believers as an element heterogeneous and dangerous to society. The author concludes that, as a researcher of the religious issue in Russia, Prugavin, thanks to the global approach to work, was able to make as deep as possible an analysis of the Old Believer issue of interest to him. The religious scholar came to the conclusion that, despite the propaganda of the Russian Orthodox Church and the official authorities, the Old Believers should not be included in the category of ―dangerous, alien element‖ for Russian society. Despite all the dissimilarity of the Old Believers to the traditional Orthodox population of Russia and the difficulty in their relations with the state, the Old Believers were one of the most educated and thinking sections of the country's population.

Court Singing Capella and Divine Рractice of the Russian Orthodox Church

2020 ◽  
pp. 126-136
Author(s):  
Константин Рева
Keyword(s):  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
History Of ◽  
Liturgical Practice ◽  
Church Split ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Church

В настоящей статье предпринята попытка рассмотреть влияние Придворной певческой капеллы на развитие богослужебной практики Русской Православной Церкви в Синодальный период. После церковного раскола XVII в. продолжающееся развитие богослужебной практики не находило отражения в корпусе богослужебных книг. В XVII в. в Русской Церкви было два практически равновеликих по значению образцовых столичных хора: хор патриарших певчих дьяков и хор государевых певчих дьяков. С упразднением патриаршества и переносом столицы в Санкт¬-Петербург в Синодальный период истории Русской Православной Церкви Придворная певческая капелла стала главным церковным хоровым коллективом, основной обязанностью которого было пение за богослужением в придворных церквях. В XIX в. Придворная певческая капелла была на делена особыми административными правами в церковно-¬певческой сфере, связанны ми с цензурой церковно-¬певческих произведений и подготовкой церковных регентов. Исключительные права по изданию церковно¬-певческих книг в Русской Православной Церкви, закрепленные Святейшим Синодом за Придворной певческой капеллой, стали причиной широкого распространения литургических особенностей богослужения придворных церквей в Российской империи. Практика обязательной аттестации церковных регентов Придворной певческой капеллой усилила распространение не только её церковно-¬музыкальной традиции, но и придворного литургического порядка, что оказало существенное влияние на практику совершения кафедрального и приходского богослужения. Изучение богослужебной практики Русской Православной Церкви в XVIII-XX вв. немыслимо без учёта деятельности и наследия Придворной певческой капеллы. This article attempts to consider the influence of the Court Singing Chapel on the development of divine practice of the Russian Orthodox Church during the synodal period. After the Church split of the 17th century, the continuing development of liturgical practice was not re flected in the corpus of liturgical books. In the XVII century the Russian Church had two almost equal in importance exemplary Metropolitan choirs: the choir of Patriarchal singing deacons and the choir of sovereign singing deacons. With the abolition of the Patriarchate and the transfer of the capital to Saint Petersburg during the Synodal period of the history of the Russian Orthodox Church, the Court singing Capella became the main Church choral group, whose main duty was to sing at divine services in the court churches. In the 19th century, the Court singing chapel was giv en special administrative rights in the Church singing sphere related to the censorship of Church singing works and the training of Church Regents. The exclusive rights to publish Church sing ing books in the Russian Orthodox Church, which were assigned by the Holy Synod to the Court singing chapel, caused a wide spread of liturgical features of the service of court churches in the Russian Empire. The practice of mandatory certification of Church Regents by the Court singingchapel has increased the spread of not only its Church music tradition, but also the court liturgical order, which has had a significant impact on the practice of performing Cathedral and parish ser vices. The study of the liturgical practice of the Russian Orthodox Church in the XVIII-XX centuries is unthinkable without taking into account the activities and heritage of the court singing chapel.

Academic E. E. Golubinsky in the interior of the era

2020 ◽  
pp. 101-114
Author(s):  
Andrey Solovev
Keyword(s):  
Practical Importance ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Imperial Academy ◽  
Education And Society ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

E. E. Golubinsky, one of the most prominent natives of the Kostroma land, the largest historian of the Russian Orthodox Church, the first of the professors of the Moscow Theological Academy, elected as an ordinary academician of the Imperial Academy of Sciences. Through the prism of the milestones of the historian’s biography, the article examines the general trends in the socio-cultural development of Russia in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries The specific features in the culture of everyday life of the Orthodox clergy are analyzed, the problem field of church educational institutions is structured, the portrait characteristic of the theological and academic corporation is personalized, its role in the historical and cultural development of Russian society is revealed. The amazing fate of E. E. Golubinsky, his intellectual honesty, commitment to the religious, moral and institutional reorganization of the historical church are updated in the context of contemporary problems of Russian education and society as a whole. The problematic connotations in the development of theological and academic corporations are revealed — the lack of a single intellectual and spiritual space in their coexistence, a certain disconnectedness of their position in the socio-cultural development of society, the need to deepen their interaction with representatives of secular intelligentsia. The necessary consequence of the synergy of scientific knowledge and spiritual faith is the construction of the Orthodox philosophy of history, which in the context of the crisis that is being experienced today, essential discourse is of practical importance in the inevitability of dialogue and the inevitability of creative transformation of personality in the modern world.

scholarly journals The question of the teaching of God's Law in the Journals and Minutes of the Presidium of the Supreme Court

2019 ◽  
pp. 226-235
Author(s):  
Владислав Иванович Пшибышевский
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Religious Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Of God ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century

Предмет «Закон Божий» являлся один из самых главных предметов в низших и средних учебных заведениях Российской империи на протяжении двух веков. Под влиянием предмета, дающего знания о Боге, предмета важного не только в образовательном, но и в воспитательном значении, выросло не одно поколение православного населения России. Изучение этого предмета было обязательным для всех детей, принявших Святое Крещение в Православной Церкви. Закону Божию обучали и на дому, но главным местом, где ребёнок мог впитать религиозные знания, была школа. Преподавали Закон Божий в основном священники, а должность их называлась «законоучитель». Законоучитель наравне с другими преподавателями пользовался всеми правами государственной службы. К концу XIX века появились проблемы, связанные с процессом преподавания Закона Божия, в отношении предмета учебные программы устарели, в отношении законоучителей появлялись, в силу определённых обстоятельств, неоднократные случаи нерадивого отношения к своему делу, в отношении самих учащихся было зафиксировано большое количество случаев активных выступлений против изучения Закона Божия. Все вышеперечисленные проблемы пытались решить в свете церковных реформ начала прошлого столетия. Данная статья посвящена вопросу преподавания Закона Божия в работе Высочайше учреждённого Предсоборного Присутствия. В исследовании рассмотрено место предмета «Закон Божий» в заседаниях данного органа, заинтересованность им членами Присутствия, предложения по улучшению качества преподавания столь важного предмета и его сохранению в списке обязательных предметов в учебных заведениях Российской империи. The subject of the Law of God was one of the most important subjects in the lower and secondary schools of the Russian Empire for two centuries. It was a subject which gave knowledge of God, a subject important not only in its educational, but also in its educational meaning, and under the influence of which several generations of the Orthodox population of Russia grew up. The study of this subject was obligatory for all children who received holy Baptism in the Orthodox Church. The Law of God was also taught at home, but the main place where a child could absorb religious knowledge was in school. The Law of God was taught mainly by priests, and their post was called a teacher of the law. The teacher of the law enjoyed all the rights of public service on an equal footing with other teachers. By the end of the 19th century, problems associated with the process of teaching the Law of God had appeared, the syllabus for the subject was out of date, there were repeated cases of negligence on the part of the teachers, and there were many cases of active protests against the teaching of God's Law by the students themselves. All the above-mentioned problems tried to be solved in the light of the church reforms of the beginning of the last century. This article is devoted to the question of teaching God's Law in the work of the Presidium of the Most High Council. The research examines the place of God's Law subject at the meetings of this body, the interest of the Presence members in it, the suggestions to improve the quality of teaching such an important subject and its preservation in the list of obligatory subjects in the educational institutions of the Russian Empire.

Libraries of Educations Institutions in Russia in the First Half of 19th Century

2010 ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
Elena A. Kalinina
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
School Libraries ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The 19Th Century

Libraries are the integral part of cultural history of Russia. Widespread opening of school libraries in the Russian Empire began in the early 19th century. They began opening school libraries across Russia in the beginning of the 19th century. The paper aims to show the formation and development of libraries in educational institutions of Russia in the first half of the 19th century. The research is based on legislative documents regulating the functions of activity of school libraries and archival materials on the Russian history of the 19th century.

scholarly journals Documents of the Vyazniki Investigation (1665–66) on the Ideal Basis of Anti-Church Beliefs and Actions of the Raskolniki in the Central Uezds of Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 971-982
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Madzharov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Religious Movement ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Religious Ideal ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Ideal

The controversial issue of balance between ideal and material causes of the religious Raskol in the Russian Orthodox Church remains significant from its emergence to present day. Some definitions of developed Soviet historiography are also controversial, in particular, the thesis of the Schism being an “external religious shell” that hides its secular core. The article examines the religious (ideal) content of the protest. It draws on published documents of the Vyazniki Investigation Office of the Secret Chancery (Prikaz tainykh del) stored in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (RGADA) (fond of State Archive of the Russian Empire in the XXVII Category). Reliability of the data has been established by comparing of independent sources and interrelated messages. The dossier includes 106 documents: accusations (Izvety), petitions (Chelobitnye), edicts (Ukaznye gramoty), orders (Nakaznye stat'i) of the Secret Chancery, extracts from the Secret Chancery books (Iz zapisnoi knigi Tainogo prikaza), interrogations (Doprosy), torture evidence (Pytochnye rechi), law confrontations (Ochnye stavki), reports (Otpiski), etc. They testify that the religious (ideal) “beliefs” of the Raskolniki laid the basis of their religious movement and were the reason for introduction of protest “norms of behavior” in the Vladimir, Suzdal, and Gorokhovets uezds of Central Russia in 1665–66. Totality of documentary data proves that Schism teachers and “ordinary” dissenters unanimously explained their protest by religious (ideal) motives. They refused to go to “the Lord’s church" for office read from “new books,” to sign themselves “with three fingers,” “to be baptized,” to confess, to receive communion. Religious dissidents believed the word of their teachers that the “change of the Holy Scripture” should result in the appearance of the “forerunner and Antichrist.” Some Raskolniki joined in the “blasphemies” on the tsar and Patriarch Nikon pronounced by teacher Vavila. For “salvation of their souls” from the “Antichrist,” the old believers implemented medieval “norms of behavior”: they withdraw to deserts, they were guided by the Raskol teachers, fasted, and prayed before their own icons. The ideal and material forms of protest sprang from the ideal nature of the Raskol.

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