OBTAINING PLANT MATERIALS SIBERIAN IRIS (IRIS SIBIRICA L.) BY METHODS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Methods of biotechnology allow to obtain high-quality medicinal plant raw materials in a short time, in large quantities without destroying natural reserves. Biotechnological approaches such as aeroponic technologies have the potential for large-scale cultivation of iris plants and production of secondary metabolites. Microclonal reproduction makes it possible to obtain a healthy planting material in the required amount, regardless of the time of year. The combination of these two technological approaches will allow to develop biotechnology of year-round production of medicinal plant raw materials of Siberian iris. The study determined the content of 6-benzylaminopurine on the stage actually micropropagation for the formation of the greatest number of adventitious shoots of optimal length. The required content of BAP in the nutrient medium for I. sibirica was 2.5–5.0 µM. The introduction of cytokinins in the nutrient medium together with auxins, L-glutamine and adenine sulfate 100 mg/l, as well as the alternation of low and high concentrations of cytokinin enhanced the regenerative effect of BAP. With year-round cultivation of regenerative plants in aeroponic conditions, the amount of biomass of plant raw materials I. sibirica for this method was about 31.2 kg / m2 of crude weight in one year. It is established that intact plants and regenerative plants I. sibirica, obtained on the basis of the developed biotechnology, had identical group composition of biologically active substances. It is revealed that the sum of flavonoids in the leaves of hydroponic iris plants exceeded the content in the leaves of intact plants by 3 times, and the content of essential oil in regenerate plants and hydroponic leaves of the Sterch variety but higher by 26% compared with the leaves of intact plants. Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of I. sibirica showed antiviral activity against herpes virus. With low toxicity, both intact plants and regenerative plants had a relatively high selectivity index.

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Members of the family Lamiaceae Lindl. as sources of medicinal plant raw materials to obtain neurotropic drugs

Pharmacy & Pharmacology ◽

10.19163/2307-9266-2020-8-1-4-28 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 4-28

Author(s):

Е. V. Zvezdina ◽

J. V. Dayronas ◽

I. I. Bochkareva ◽

I. N. Zilfikarov ◽

E. Yu. Babaeva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Neurotropic Activity ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Plant Raw Materials ◽

Pharmaceutical Substances ◽

The Family ◽

Active Substances

The aim of this work is to review and analyze the data published in the modern scientific literature obtained in pharmacological, pharmacognostic and pharmacotechnological studies of various types of raw materials obtained from members of the family Lamiaceae L., which were sources of biologically active substances, pharmaceutical substances, total extracts and the drugs – with a neurotropic activity.Materials and methods. For the review, we used the information of scientific literature from open and accessible sources of the last twenty years, located in the scientific and technical libraries of institutions, as well as in electronic databases: Elibrary, PubMed, Scopus, Cyberleninka, GoogleAcademy, J-Stage. The search inquiries were: the species of the family Lamiaceae (Russian and Latin), the samples of medicinal plant materials based on them as well as the names of the drugs and biologically active substances obtained from these raw materials.Results. When working with the sources of scientific information, the main attention was paid to pharmacologic tests performed during the studies on laboratory animals and proving the presence of neurotropic activity in the studied objects – essential oils and extracts from plant raw materials: aqueous, aqueous alcoholic, and methanol ones. It has been established that the potential of the therapeutic and preventive application of pharmaceutical substances and drugs based on the medicinal plant materials obtained from 30 genera members of the Lamiaceae family, remains unrealized despite the close attention of various researchers.Conclusion. This review comprised 71 species from 30 genera. Despite the significant level of the previous study presented in the analysis of this publication, an enormous potential of this family’s species remains unexplored. In the future, they can be of both – pharmacognostic and practical interest, in particular, in creation of new medicinal preparations of the neurotropic action based on them.

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Application of Luminescent Microscopy in Analysis of Anatomic-diagnostic Signs of Fruits of Sea Buckthorn

Drug development & registration ◽

10.33380/2305-2066-2020-9-1-40-45 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 40-45

Author(s):

O. V. Trineeva ◽

A. A. Gudkova ◽

M. A. Rudaya

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

Sea Buckthorn ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Fatty Oil ◽

Luminescent Analysis ◽

Diagnostic Signs ◽

Promising Source

Introduction. Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides), the family Eleagnaceae – a promising source of biologically active substances, the traditional raw materials of which are fruits. The existing regulatory documentation (ND) lacks such an indicator of the authenticity and good quality of the fruit as «microscopy». Despite the available data on the anatomy and histology of the fruits of this type of medicinal plant material (MPM), the scientific literature does not describe the luminescence features of the tissues of sea buckthorn fruit. It is known that the luminescent features of tissues make it possible to identify the localization of biologically active structures, and also, in some cases, to conduct selective diagnosis of MPM.Aim. The aim of this work was to study the characteristics of the luminescence of the tissues of dried crushed fruits of sea buckthorn, and also to optimize the conditions for analysis.Materials and methods. The object of the study was the dried, crushed fruits of sea buckthorn of various species. The study of microdiagnostic signs was carried out according to the State Pharmacopoeia of the XIV RF GPA.1.5.3.0003.15 «Technique of microscopic and microchemical studies of medicinal plant materials and herbal medicines». A stereomicroscopic study was carried out on a Biomed-6 microscope. The luminescence of sea buckthorn fruit tissues was examined using a luminescent microscope of the Micromed-3 Lum brand.Results and discussion. The most pronounced yellow glow is observed for the tissue of the pulp and epidermis of the fetus, which is associated with the highest content of fatty oil in these structures. Groups of phenolic compounds contained along with oil give a greenish tint to objects, while condensed tannins give a brownish tint. The plates that make up the corymbose hairs do not exhibit bright luminescence; a weak glow is characteristic of the joints of the hair platelets. The walls of stellate hairs have a faint greenish glow. Fragments of the actual fruit («sac») are brownish in color, without their own luminescence, as well as the seed peel. The embryo has its own greenish luminescence due to the presence of both a fatty oil and a complex of storage substances.Conclusion. The luminescent analysis of sea buckthorn fruits was carried out for the first time. The choice of a method for preparing the studied MPM for microscopic examination is experimentally substantiated. The luminescent analysis revealed the peculiarities of the glow of the tissues of the fruits of sea buckthorn. The main microdiagnostic signs of crushed dried sea buckthorn fruits and their biometric characteristics are specified. The analysis of the obtained data will allow us to further develop the section «Microscopic signs» for inclusion in the PA project on MPM, widely cultivated and used by the domestic pharmaceutical industry for the production of herbal medicines.

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Validation of the HPLC-UV Method for Quantitative Determination of Steroid Sapogenin Diosgenin from Hay Fenugreek Seeds, Trigonella Foenum-graecum L.

Drug development & registration ◽

10.33380/2305-2066-2020-9-4-107-114 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 107-114

Author(s):

A. E. Sukhanov ◽

A. N. Stavrianidi ◽

E. D. Kubasova ◽

A. S. Panasyuk ◽

O. V. Buyuklinskaya

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

Quantitative Determination ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Fenugreek Seeds ◽

Plant Raw Materials ◽

Object Of Study ◽

Trigonella Foenum Graecum L

Introduction. Modern pharmacognostic research is aimed at searching for plant biologically active individual compounds (hereinafter referred to as RBAIS) isolated from plant extracts.Aim. Validation of HPLC-UV quantitative determination of sapogenin diosgenin in plant extracts from fenugreek seeds.Materials and methods. The object of study was raw materials-fenugreek seeds produced as medicinal plant raw materials by LLC «Sage» (Irkutsk). Validation of the method was carried out according to the parameters: specificity, linearity, correctness, precision in accordance with the requirements of SP XIV. One series of medicinal plant raw materials was used for the analysis, such as serial number – 010117, release date – 15 february 2017.Results and discussion. Validation characteristics were determined and their compliance with the necessary acceptance criteria was experimentally confirmed.Conclusion. It is established that the developed method of identification and quantitative determination of diosgenin in fenugreek seed extracts by HPLC-UV is correct, precise, specific and linear in the analytical field.

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Interrelationships among selected essential elements in medicinal plant raw materials and their water-extractable forms

Herba Polonica ◽

10.2478/hepo-2013-0011 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 46-58

Author(s):

Paweł Konieczyński ◽

Marek Wesołowski

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Principal Component ◽

Essential Elements ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Plant Raw Materials ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Plant Samples ◽

Water Extractable

Summary In the study, the relationships were investigated among N, P, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu, in medicinal plant raw materials (herbal bags) and their water-soluble chemical forms in infuses. 42 independent samples of plant materials were chosen, represented by different morphological plant parts as herbs, leaves, flowers and fruits. The elements were determined by UV/Vis spectrometry (non-metals), and FAAS (metallic elements) after previous mineralization of plant samples (total concentrations), and directly in herbal teas (water-extractable forms). Most frequently the correlations between non-metals and Zn and Mn occurred, both between their total contents the water-extractable forms. Statistically significant correlations were also found in pairs: Zn-Mn, Fe-Zn, Mn-Fe, and Cu-Zn. Application of multivariate analysis revealed that cluster analysis grouped the studied samples into clusters with similar levels of the analyzed elements, and principal component analysis allowed the identification of water-extractable Zn, P-PO4 and water-extractable Cu as the most crucial factors determining the differentiation of the studied plant samples.

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Modern research on the extraction of biologically active substances from plant raw materials using enzymes

New Technologies ◽

10.47370/2072-0920-2021-17-2-56-66 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 56-66

Author(s):

A. A. Fabritskaya ◽

S. O. Semenikhin ◽

V. O. Gorodetsky ◽

N. I. Kotlyarevskaya ◽

E. P. Victorova

Keyword(s):

Ultrasonic Treatment ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Microwave Treatment ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Biologically Active Substances ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Plant Raw Materials ◽

Treat Ment ◽

Active Substances

The article overviews modern studies of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of extraction of biologically active substances from plant materials using enzymes. Extraction of biologically active substances using enzymes allows for controlled biotransformation of plant materials due to the precise specificity and selectivity of enzymes, which creates mild conditions that ensure the preservation of biologically active substances. It has been noted that the quality of the extractant used has a significant effect on the efficiency of the extraction process. Thus, raw materials treated with a combination of an electrolyte and an enzyme are extracted more efficiently by reducing the mass transfer barrier. The main advantage of using supercritical fluids as an extractant is a decrease in temperature or pressure that leads to the precipitation of the extractable substance. One of the main disadvantages of the process of extracting biologically active substances from plant materials using enzymes is their high cost. To eliminate this disadvantage, the following intensification methods are used: ultrasonic treatment, high pressure treatment and microwave treat- ment. The most promising methods for intensifying the process of extracting biologically active substances from plant materials using enzymes are methods of ultrasonic and microwave treatment. Ultrasonic treatment under optimal conditions allows increasing the activity of enzymes, and microwave treatment provides more efficient penetration of the extractant into the tissues of plant material, due to the destruction of cell walls.

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Analysis of yield and essential oils formation on clary sowings in the conditions of the south of Ukraine

Agrobìologìâ ◽

10.33245/2310-9270-2019-146-1-38-46 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 38-46

Author(s):

V. Ushkarenko ◽

V. Chaban ◽

A. Chaban

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Good Practice ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Biologically Active Substances ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

The South ◽

Plant Raw Materials ◽

Active Substances

The aim. The purpose of the article is to analyze the state of growing musk sage in Ukraine, the use of medicinal plant raw materials of guaranteed quality, as well as the principles and rules of good practice for the production of herbal medicines in accordance with GMP requirements, which highlight the requirements of standardization for medicinal plant raw materials and basic indicators of their quality. Material and methods of research. The rates of mineral fertilizer application under the plow are determined and the basic tillage of the soil is carried out at a depth of 20–22 and 28–30 cm. The determination of the sowing dates of muscat sage, the width of its rows, the terms of harvesting raw materials has been determined. To maintain moisture in the soil during the responsible period of development of plants, we conducted research on the use of Radchenko harrow with breeding segments from the scythe of the unit ZhVN-6, which well weed out weeds from the soil and retained moisture in the soil at 75 % N.V. Results of researches. The conducted researches have established that products of photosynthesis in Muscat sage are deposited in the root roots, in which up to 35 % of sugars are accumulated in the winter, mainly in the form of sucrose. If during the passage of the first phase of tempering (October) in the rod root there are slight changes in the content of sucrose, then with a decrease in air temperature to minus 8–10 °C, there is a sharp increase in the content of sucrose. So, if in October in the root roots contained 16,55 sucrose, then in January – 28,19. In February, the amount of sucrose is reduced to 22.58. At this time, the content of monosaccharides falls to 1.40 versus 12.75 % – in October. In the usual cultivation of the cultivator KRN-4.2, the acclimativeness of the weed plants was up to 40, when applied technology with Radchenko harrows up to 15 %. Discussion. Yes, E. Tkacheva notes that this depends not only on the request of the companies-purchasers, but also on the term of storage of raw materials. The point is that the way of use of medicinal plants depends on the characteristics of biologically active substances that are contained in plants. The content of biologically active substances in plants and in their various organs is inconsistent, depending on the conditions of the place of cultivation, time of day, weather conditions and a number of other factors that are no less important. Conclusions. Thus, for the first time in the conditions of irrigation of the south of Ukraine during the three years of sowing, agronomic techniques for growing muscat sultana, norms for introducing mineral fertilizers for basic tillage, plowing depths, seedlings, and their aftermath to form the phenological phases of plant development were studied at different years of life on the yield of raw materials, and the content of essential oil in it. Key words: Muscat sage, depth of plowing, dates of sowing, fertilization, row spacing, harvesting terms.

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Use of Metabolomic Approaches in Analysis of Medicinal Plants and Phytopreparations (Review)

Drug development & registration ◽

10.33380/2305-2066-2021-10-1-97-105 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 97-105

Author(s):

A. A. Orlova ◽

Jo. Strugar ◽

O. Yu. Shtark ◽

V. A. Zhukov ◽

V. G. Luzhanin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Herbal Drugs ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Plant Raw Materials ◽

Metabolic Analysis ◽

Analytical Review

Introduction. The purpose of the analytical review is to summarize the data of modern scientific literature on the directions and possibilities of using the approaches of metabolomics in the analysis of medicinal plants, plant raw materials and herbal drugs.Text. Analysis of literature data showed that metabolomic approaches have great potential in the field of quality control of multicomponent phytopreparations and biologically active additives, detection of falsifications of rare and expensive plant materials, chemosystematics of medicinal plants, study of the mechanisms of action and toxicity of medicinal plants, etc.Conclusion. Metabolic analysis can become an effective analytical platform both for phytochemical research of plant raw materials and for regular activities to control the quality of plant material and phytopreparations.

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Investigation of Walnut Herbal Drug Raw Material

Drug development & registration ◽

10.33380/2305-2066-2019-8-4-38-46 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 38-46

Author(s):

N. V. Chebyshev ◽

A. V. Strelyaeva ◽

D. I. Lezhava ◽

A. N. Luferov ◽

N. V. Bobkova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Medicinal Plant ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Juglans Regia ◽

Biologically Active Substances ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Raw Material ◽

Alcohol Extract ◽

Plant Raw Materials ◽

Active Substances

Introduction. Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is a medicinal plant containing a large number of biologically active substances. A number of authors propose to use walnut leaves as medicinal raw materials, in which juglone, flavonoids, tannins, ascorbic acid and other substances are identified. Currently, a standardization technique for this type of raw material has been developed and proposed. However, the medicinal plant walnut can be a source of other types of raw materials, such as milky-waxed walnuts, walnut bark, and walnut partitions. These types of medicinal raw materials contain a large number of biologically active substances and have a great potential for pharmacological activity. Therefore, the study with the subsequent standardization of medicinal plant material of walnut fruits in the stage of milk-wax ripeness and walnut bark is relevant.Aim. The aim of the study is to study the external signs, microscopy of raw walnut bark and walnut fruit in the stage of milky-wax ripeness and chemical composition of alcohol extract from these types of raw materials.Materials and methods. Chromato-mass spectrometry and TLC were used in the work.Results and discussion. When describing external signs and microscopy, diagnostic signs of both whole and crushed raw materials, and powder of walnut bark, and fruits of walnut in the stage of milky-wax ripeness were revealed. Alcohol extract obtained from medicinal plant raw materials walnut bark is a clear brown liquid. Alcohol extract obtained from medicinal plant raw materials of walnut fruit at the stage of milky-wax ripeness is a transparent, green-brown liquid with a fragrant odor.Conclusion. Gallic acid was identified by TLC in walnut bark. Chromato-mass spectrometry in alcohol extraction from the fruit of walnut in the stage of milky-wax maturity was able to identify 17 compounds belonging to different classes of biologically active substances. Sugars, flavonoids, coumarin phenolic compounds, organic acids were identified. In alcoholic extraction from the bark of a walnut, marker compounds have been determined, the combination of which makes it possible to quickly identify this type of raw material using chromatography-mass spectrometry.

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Kinetics of Extraction of Biologically Active Substances from Medicinal Plant Raw Materials using Different Techniques

Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin ◽

10.3103/s0027131417060062 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 72 (6) ◽

pp. 260-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

V. V. Milevskaya ◽

T. S. Butylskaya ◽

Z. A. Temerdashev ◽

M. A. Statkus ◽

N. V. Kiseleva

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Biologically Active Substances ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Plant Raw Materials ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Active Substances

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Pulsatilla alba: analytical review of spread, chemical composition, biological activity and medical application

ScienceRise Biological Science ◽

10.15587/2519-8025.2021.249850 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 10-14

Author(s):

Anna Krvavych ◽

Nataliia Reviakina ◽

Lesia Zhurakhivska ◽

Iryna Hubytska ◽

Roksolana Konechna

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Medicinal Plant ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Medical Application ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Raw Material ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Scientific Publications ◽

Plant Raw Materials

The object of analytical study is the medicinal plant Pulsatilla alba. This species is rare, the stocks of herbal raw materials are limited, and there are no Pulsatilla alba-based medicines on the Ukrainian market. The aim of study was to analyze and summarize data on the range, content of biologically active compounds and the spectrum of use in pharmacy and medicine Pulsatilla alba. Materials and methods. Literary and electronic sources of information on the distribution, chemical composition and pharmacological activity of Pulsatilla alba. Results. Pulsatilla alba is a plant of the Ranunculaceae family, characterized by a high content of biologically active organic compounds, namely organic acids, traces of alkaloids, vitamins, resinous and tannins, about 20 different macro-and micronutrients, essential oils, γ-lactones, triterpenoids, sterols, chelidonic acid, coumarins, as well as giving it protection status make it an interesting object for research. Analysis of scientific publications revealed that plants of the family Ranunculaceae, in particular, Pulsatilla alba contain a significant amount of biologically active substances, have numerous pharmacological activities, have long been used in folk medicine, and is a promising raw material for the production of phytopreparations. The volume of processing of medicinal plant raw materials in Ukraine in one year is from 5 to 6 thousand tons, the amount of raw materials for export reaches more than 3 thousand tons per year. About 1,000 tons of raw materials consumed in Ukraine are imported and 1,500 tons are domestically produced. Conclusions. Therefore, as populations of rare low-competitive species of the Ranunculaceae family are particularly endangered, displaced by tree, shrub and highly competitive trivial violent herbaceous species due to the widespread use of Pulsatilla alba in folk medicine as an antitumor, hypnotic, hypnotic, antifungal, antifungal research which should be continued

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