scholarly journals Aspectos Históricos da Educação Ambiental: do Global ao Local / Historical Aspects of Environmental Education: from Global to Local

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (57) ◽  
pp. 478-501
Author(s):  
Aldenir De Araujo Saraiva ◽  
Stephannie Bispo Buonaduce ◽  
Hesler Piedade Caffé Filho ◽  
Denes Dantas Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Environmental Education ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

 Resumo: A educação ambiental nasce da emergência ecológica planetária, ou seja, do contexto da educação, como uma demanda de seu ambiente, visto que os recursos ambientais são finitos, limitados e estão intrinsecamente inter-relacionados. Podemos dizer que a história da Educação Ambiental está ligada ao movimento ambientalista, que surge discretamente no início do século XX, mas foi, a partir da segunda metade do século XX, após as décadas de 1940 e 1950, que foi sendo impulsionado por vários eventos, como o fim da Segunda Guerra Mundial e os diversos avanços tecnológicos. Este estudo discute aspectos históricos da Educação Ambiental com base em pesquisa bibliográfica sobre a temática. Concluiu-se que a educação para o desenvolvimento sustentável ainda representa um grande desafio, seja nacional, seja mundial. Políticas públicas que possam mitigar tais lacunas devem ser incentivadas e apoiadas, para que tenhamos m futuro com maior qualidade de vida para a humanidade. Palavras-chave: Aspectos históricos; Educação Ambiental; Desenvolvimento sustentável.  Abstract: Environmental education is born from the planetary ecological emergency, that is, from the context of education, as a demand of its environment, since environmental resources are finite, limited and are intrinsically interrelated.  We can say that the history of Environmental Education is linked to the environmental movement, which emerged discreetly at the beginning of the 20th century, but it was, from the second half of the 20th century, after the 1940s and 1950s, that it was driven by various events , such as the end of World War II and the various technological advances.  This study discusses historical aspects of Environmental Education based on bibliographical research on the subject.  It was concluded that education for sustainable development still represents a great challenge, whether national or global.  Public policies that can mitigate these gaps must be encouraged and supported, so that we have a future with a better quality of life for humanity.  Keywords: Historical aspects;  Environmental education;  Sustainable development.

Ruger’s ‘Old Model’ Single-action Revolvers: A Cautionary Tale of Reproducing Historical Firearms in a Litigious Age

2021 ◽  
Vol VII (1) ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
Ashley Hlebinsky
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Product Liability ◽  
Cautionary Tale ◽  
World War ◽  
Single Action ◽  
Handling Characteristics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Safety Precaution ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Initial Line

In 1953, Ruger released a single-action revolver—patterned after the original Colt Single Action Army. Whilst some changes had been made, this firearm possessed, for all intents and purposes, the handling characteristics of the original Colt design. As a result, the safety precaution was as per the original: the revolver should be loaded with five rounds, rather than six, and the hammer positioned such that it rested over an empty chamber. Despite outlining the recommended carry methods in their instruction manual, Ruger became the subject of product liability lawsuits from purchasers who incorrectly loaded and carried the firearm, resulting in negligent discharges. This article explores the history of Colt-type single-action revolvers in the post-World War II period, analyses the availability of historic mechanical safety mechanisms for double-action revolvers in the 19th and 20th centuries, and summarises the patents on single-action safeties that Ruger had received by 1973. That year, the company discontinued their initial line of Single Action Army-style revolvers—known as ‘Old Models’—for a visibly similar, but mechanically different, ‘New Model’ line of single-action revolvers featuring newly developed safety mechanisms.

You're a Better Filipino than I Am, John Wayne: World War II, Hollywood, and U.S.-Philippines Relations

2002 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles V. Hawley
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Power Relationship ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Colonial Power ◽  
World War ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

Between 1939 and 1945 several Hollywood studios produced significant films set in the war-torn Philippines, including Bataan (MGM, 1943), So Proudly We Hail (Paramount, 1943),and Back to Bataan (RKO,1943). Although these films immediately preceded Philippines independence in 1946, they do not position the Philippines as a soon-to-be autonomous nation. Instead, these films reaffirm, and even celebrate, the unequal colonial power relationship that marked the history of U.S. occupation of the archipelago. A careful reading of these films, which is the subject of this article, reveals the stamina of this colonial ideology (colonial uplift, tutelage, and nation-building) that legitimized U.S. colonial rule in the Phillapines and dates back to the turn of the century. What the perpetuation of this ideology suggests is the postwar neocolonial relationship between the two nations that U.S. government officials anticipated. This revised neocolonial ideology is expressed through the racialized and gendered images of Filipino characters and their interaction with U.S. American characters. The U.S. government attempted to control such images as part of its wartime propaganda, but had to rely on the voluntary compliance of the major Hollywood studios. While the Filipinos in films like Back to Bataan, made at the war's end, appear to challenge the racist stereotypes of prior films, they are re-inscribed by a neocolonial form of U.S. supremacy—— framed as wartime U.S. guidance and Filipino dependency.

An uncertain life

1994 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-151
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Atomic Energy ◽  
Werner Heisenberg ◽  
World War ◽  
Fundamental Physics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Farm Hall

David C. Cassidy, Uncertainty: The Life and Science of Werner Heisenberg . W.H. Freeman and Co., New York, 1991. $29.95, pp. xii + 669. ISBN 071672 2437 There is wit and double meaning in the title of this book. In the future, say 200 years hence, anyone who can name ten scientists of the 20th century will rather surely include the name of Heisenberg in the list, and couple it with the Uncertainty Principle, even if by then it is only taken to mark a stage in the history of the development of fundamental physics. And, for the present, any journalist writing about Heisenberg is likely to be dealing with uncertainty regarding the facts of German work on atomic energy during World War II (very probably under a headline referring to ‘Heisenberg’s bomb’), and regarding Heisenberg’s attitude to politics, and to the ethics of doing such work under the nazis. Cassidy’s book was written before the publication of the story of the secretlyrecorded conversations in 1945 of Heisenberg and other German scientists, in Operation Epsilon: the Farm Hall Transcripts (Institute of Physics Publishing, Bristol and Philadelphia, 1993), now back-translated into German* with an informative interview with C.F. von Weizsäcker. * Dieter Hoffmann, Operation Epsilon: Die Farm Hall Protokolle oder Die Angst der Allierten vor der deutschen Atombombe . Rowohlt, Berlin, September 1993.

scholarly journals Polish books production in exile in the years 19391950: statistical and geographical perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 273-289
Author(s):  
Oskar Stanisław Czarnik
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
World War ◽  
Polish People ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Post War

The subject of this article is an overview of Polish publishing in the exile during the World War II and first post-war years. The literary activity was mostly linked to the cultural tradition of the Second Polish Republic. The author describes this phenomenon quantitatively and presents the number of books published in the respective years. He also tries to explain which external factors, not only political and military, but also financial and organizational, affected publications of Polish books around the world. The subject of the debate is also geography of the Polish publishing. It is connected with a long term migration of different groups of people living in exile. The author not only points out the areas where Polish editorial activity was just temporary, but also the areas where it was long-lasting. The book output was a great assistance to Polish people living in diasporas, as well as to readers living in Poland. The following text is an excerpt of the book which is currently being prepared by the author. The book is devoted to the history of Polish publishing in exile.

scholarly journals Four Species of Reflexivity and History of Economics in Economic Policy Science

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Schliesser
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Policy Science ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of Economics ◽  
Economics Profession ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Cost

Abstract This paper argues that history of economics has a fruitful, underappreciated role to play in the development of economics, especially when understood as a policy science. This goes against the grain of the last half century during which economics, which has undergone a formal revolution, has distanced itself from its ‘literary’ past and practices precisely with the aim to be a more successful policy science. The paper motivates the thesis by identifying and distinguishing four kinds of reflexivity in economics. The main thesis of this paper is that because these forms of reflexivity are not eliminable, the history of economics must play a constitutive role in economics (and graduate education within economics). An assumption that I clarify in this paper is that the history of economics ought to be part of the subject matter studied by economics when they are interested in policy science. Even if one does not accept the conclusion, the fourfold classification of reflexivity might hold independent interest. The paper is divided in two parts. First, by reflecting on the writings of George Stigler, Paul Samuelson, George and Milton Friedman, I offer a stylized historical introduction to and conceptualization of the themes of this paper. In particular, I identify various historically influential arguments and strategies that reduced the role of history of economics within the economics discipline. In it I also canvass six arguments that try to capture the cost to economics (understood as a science) for sidelining the history of economics from within the discipline. A sub-text of the introduction is that for contingent reasons, post World War II economics evolved into a policy science. Second, by drawing on the work of Kenneth Boulding, in particular, George Soros, Thomas Merton, Gordon Tullock, I distinguish between four species of reflexivity. These are used to then strengthen the argument for the constitutive role of the history of economics within the economics profession. In particular, I argue that so-called Kuhn-losses are especially pernicious when faced with policy choices under so-called Knightian uncertainty.

Measurements in the Future: Beyond the 20th Century

2003 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Merenda
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
North America ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Graduate Programs ◽  
Psychological Testing ◽  
European Countries ◽  
World War ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of

This article presents a brief history of psychometrics and the development in the USA shortly after the end of World War II of university graduate programs to educate and train psychometricians. Three decades later these programs in North America were on a steady decline. But, at the same time there was a surge in universities abroad in producing well-trained psychometricians, particularly in Western European countries, especially The Netherlands. Broad implications of the effect of this movement on psychological testing are suggested.

scholarly journals Roman Catholic women's religious congregations in Świebodzice. Grey Nuns from Marienstrasse 11 (1866-1945)

2021 ◽  
pp. 127-144
Author(s):  
Jacek Ziaja
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Religious Institution ◽  
World War ◽  
Religious Congregations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Grey Nuns ◽  
Post War ◽  
The City

The article is a very modest reason for the history of the religious house of the Congregation of the Grey Sisters of St. Elizabeth in Świebodzice during the years 1866-1945. The author briefly describes the origins of the order, as well as the circumstan-ces of the appearance of the sisters and the location of the religious institution in the city based on cartographic material (map) and iconographic (photos, old postcards). He goes on to mention the subject matter of Elizabethan activities. In addition, it reconstructs the personnel of the religious house during the 1930s in the light of the data contained in the pre-war address books (residents) of the city. Finally, he briefly discusses the history of the religious house during World War II (1939-1945), as well as the tragic post-war fate of individual sisters based on private arrangements.

scholarly journals Z Mościsk do Jugowa - relacje Józefy Wójcik i Marii Kocur repatriantek z Kresów Wschodnich

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 205-249
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz S. Więch
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Oral History ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Life Issues ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Lower Silesia

From Mościska to Jugów. Testimonies of Józefa Wójcik and Maria Kocur, repatriates from the Eastern Polish BorderlandsThe history of the inhabitants of the former Polish Eastern Borderlands is an interesting research topic, especially when connected to everyday life issues. Oral testimonies are important historical sources which help explore the subject better. This paper presents transcriptions of two conversations with sisters Józefa Wójcik (born in 1930) and Maria Kocór  (born in 1928). Both of them were born and spent their prime years around Mościska near Lviv, and after World War II were re-settled to Jugów in Lower Silesia. The interviews were conducted in 2014 as part of a research project in the field of oral history entitled “Everyday life of inhabitants of the Owl Mountains in 1945-1970”.

scholarly journals War and humanity in historical perspective: Bosniak experiences in Sandžak in 1941.

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 23-70
Author(s):  
Safet Bandžović ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Interdisciplinary Studies ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
World War ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Post War

Complex socio-historical processes and turning epochs, as well as numerous segments that are an integral part of people's lives, are the subject of interdisciplinary studies. War is one of the most dramatic, most complex social phenomena. In addition to armed operations, there are a number of other dimensions related to war, starting from psychological, legal, sociological, social, economic, cultural to others. Critical and multiple perspectives contribute to the completion of images of politics, wars and their relations. The disintegrations of the ideological paradigm and the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia were accompanied by the (re)construction of new national identities, the outbreak and duration of „wars“ of different memories, the reshaping of consciousness and the re-examination of history, especially those related to World War II. The history of that war in Yugoslavia was undoubtedly the history of several wars which were stacked on top of each other. The main issue with Bosniaks in that war is a multiperspectival topic that requires a multidimensional and deideologized presentation of the position and the position of all involved actors. Numerous issues related to that war, the complex position of Bosniaks in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Sandžak, the emergence of civic responsibility, Bosniak protection of the vulnerable Serb Orthodox population, humanity and assistance, beyond post-war ideological premises and „official truths“ remained more or less marginalized, although they seek more objective and complete answers from multiple angles, for the sake of a more complete view of the past. What is called „local“ or „regional history“, as evidenced by diverse experiences, indicates the multidimensionality of the past, its features and specifics in a certain area. The Second World War in Sandžak could not be understood more objectively outside the broader Yugoslav context. This is also special for the history of Novi Pazar, the largest city in Sandžak which was the subject of many different political plans and conceptions. The history of this city has several sections. After the withdrawal of German forces from Novi Pazar, the Chetniks tried to conquer this city for three times in the fall of 1941. However, thanks to the dedicated defense and the help of Albanian armed groups from Kosovo, Bosniaks managed to defend themselves and Novi Pazar. Even in such a dramatic situation, numerous examples of humanity, solidarity and assistance of Bosniaks to the intimidated Serb urban population have been recorded. In the most difficult days of the war, when Novi Pazar was exposed to Chetnik attacks, a significant part of Bosniaks took actions to prevent anarchy, to save Serbs from terror and revenge. The task of science is to constantly discover forgotten and unknown parts of the past, to re-examine previous knowledge. Everything that happened has a whole range of perspectives. It is necessary to have a multidimensional understanding of the causes and course of events, circuits and time limits, to explain narrowed alternatives. Any reduction of historical totality to only one dimension is problematic. Every nation, every state, in a way, write their „histories“, remember different personalities, events, dates, emphasize various roles, perpetuates monuments, emphatize with different causes and consequences. Contemporary abuses of the interpretation of the war past, one-sided approaches, fierce prejucides and quasi-historical analyzes in the service of the politics damage interethic relations and lead to further growth of tensions and distancing between nations and states in their region.

scholarly journals A videóinterjús tanórák hatásai a II. világháború középiskolai történelemoktatásában

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 81-99
Author(s):  
Benjámin Dávid
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Classroom Education ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Military ◽  
Second World

The societies of the countries underwent many difficulties during the history of the 20th century. During World War II, in addition to the military loss of the country, there was a significant loss of civilian population. Due to the changed political circumstances after the war, the processing of these events at the individual, community, and social levels didn’t take place. The research of the MTA–SZTE Oral History and History Education Research Team (2016– 2020) focuses on how to include video interview details with people who have experienced the turning points in the Hungarian history of the 20th century and how to include them in classroom education. Concerning these the classes supplemented with a video details undergoes appropriate (subject-pedagogical) methodological preparation. In my study I examine that Hungary’s participation in the Second World War working group working within a research group how well the classes compiled, supplemented by life-course interviews, attracted the attention of the students, helped them understand the curriculum and its contexts, and what conveyed values to the students.

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