S0032 Trends in the Age-Adjusted Incidence Rates, Prevalence, and Survival for Pancreatic Cancer: Results From National Database

ObjectiveTo determine the incidence and trends in subarachnoid hemorrhage in Ireland using data from a national database.Materials and methodsWe performed a retrospective nationwide query of the Irish Hospital In-patient Enquiry System (HIPE). This is a national database of all in-patient activity in acute public hospitals in Ireland. Each HIPE entry records one episode of in-patient care. The study period ranged from 1997 to 2015. Population data was obtained from the Irish Central Statistics Office, and the annual prevalence of smoking from the Irish National Tobacco Control Office. We were therefore able to calculate both crude annual acute subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) incidence rates, as well as population-standardized rates, and compared them with trends in the annual smoking rates.ResultsThe mean number of SAH cases per year is 549, with 465 cases in 1997 and 517 in 2015 (range: 465–624). The absolute incidence of SAH, therefore, remained relatively stable. Due to population increases over time, the population-adjusted rate of SAH therefore decreased, from 126.9/million people/year in 1997 to 111.5/million people/year in 2015. Nationally, there was a decrease in smoking prevalence, from 31% in 1998 to 19.2% in 2015. There was a statistically significant correlation between decreasing smoking rates and decreasing population-adjusted incidence of SAH (P=<0.0001).ConclusionsOur data suggests that the incidence of non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage in our population appears to be decreasing, a decrease which is correlated with decreasing smoking rates. This provides important data both in terms of the epidemiology of SAH, as well as the possible role of public-health interventions in tackling both smoking and declining rates of SAH.

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Age Conditional Probability of Ocular and Ocular Adnexal Malignancies

Ocular Oncology and Pathology ◽

10.1159/000511364 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Mathias Nittmann ◽

Curtis E. Margo

Keyword(s):

Conditional Probability ◽

Uveal Melanoma ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pedagogical Tool ◽

United States Population ◽

Age Dependent ◽

Cumulative Risks ◽

Adjusted Incidence ◽

Communicating Risk

Aim: The aim of this study was to discuss and illustrate the role age-conditional probability has in communicating risk of developing ocular and ocular adnexal malignancies. Methods: Cross-sectional incidence for retinoblastoma, uveal melanoma, conjunctival melanoma, and lacrimal gland carcinomas from 2000 to 2017 were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. Incidence rates were age-adjusted to the 2000 United States population. Age-adjusted incidence was converted to age-interval and cumulative risks. Outcomes were examined in 20-year intervals and cumulatively for adult cancers and yearly for retinoblastoma. Results: The risk of each malignancy displayed age-dependent variation. For adult malignancies, men were at higher risk at most age intervals. Uveal melanoma had the greatest cumulative lifetime risk. The probability of developing retinoblastoma declines precipitously after age 3 years. Conclusions: Age-conditional probability of developing cancer is a conceptually friendly means of understanding and communicating risk. It is particularly useful in comparing the risks of uncommon or rare cancers, such as those found in and around the eye. The assessment of risk in terms of age-conditional probability is a versatile and an underutilized pedagogical tool.

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Epidemiologic Study of the Discoid Meniscus: Investigating Demographic-Based Predictors in Large-Scale Claims Database

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/2325967121s00086 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (7_suppl3) ◽

pp. 2325967121S0008

Author(s):

Sahej S Randhawa ◽

Emily P Tran ◽

Nicole A Segovia ◽

Theodore J Ganley ◽

Marc Tompkins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Total Population ◽

Clinical Care ◽

Epidemiologic Study ◽

Case Series ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

National Database ◽

Discoid Meniscus ◽

Racial Categories ◽

Claims Database

Background: Discoid meniscus epidemiology remains poorly defined for race and sex, in part, due to limitations of retrospective studies and small case series. A better understanding of epidemiology may improve clinical care and diagnostic precision. Purpose: Our purpose is to better define the epidemiology of discoid meniscus by analyzing a large, national database for incidence rates by sex and race. Methods: Analysis was conducted on the national-scale Clinformatics Data Mart Database by Optum. Proportions of the database’s racial categories (Asian, Black, Hispanic, White, and Unknown) in the total population of diagnosed discoid meniscus cases (n = 1,006) were calculated and compared via chi-squared tests to the total database population (n = 65,759,970). This analysis was repeated for the population of patients who received knee arthroscopies (81,205). Incidence rates were calculated from these populations as well. Finally, a multivariable logistic regression analysis based on the population of arthroscopy-receiving patients was performed to control for age, reported gender, and income. Results: Proportions of Asian, Black, Hispanic, and White racial categories in the discoid meniscus group were 5.7%, 7.3%, 20.6%, 66.4%, respectively; the proportions of each racial category in the total population were 5.2%, 10.3%, 13.5%, 71.0%, respectively. Incidence rates (per 10,000) for these groups in the arthroscopy population were 72.9, 25.6, 49.2, 25.6, respectively. Our logistic regression model indicated that race was not a statistically significant predictor for our dataset after income adjusting. Adjusting for other covariates, the odds of a discoid meniscus diagnosis decreased by 6% for each increase in age (p < 0.001) and were 41% lower for males compared to females (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Prior studies have suggested that race (Asian and Hispanic, is a predictor of higher incidence of discoid meniscus – this study did not show a difference in incidence based upon race. Patient sex and age was identified as significant predictors for discoid meniscus, and increasing age showed a decreasing incidence of this condition. This study’s analysis of a large, national claims database allows for a comprehensive epidemiological study on this topic, offering proportions and incidence rates by race appropriate for application to the US population. Its conclusions promote patient sex and age as significant predictors and question the beliefs on race-associated incidence often based on comparing results from the corpus of single-site cohort studies. Tables/Figures: [Table: see text]

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Influence of Diet and Tobacco Smoking on Pancreatic Cancer Incidence in Poland in 1960–2008

Gastroenterology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2012/682156 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Mirosław Jarosz ◽

Włodzimierz Sekuła ◽

Ewa Rychlik

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Cancer ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Tobacco Smoking ◽

Red Meat ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Balance Sheets ◽

Animal Fats ◽

The Relationship ◽

Cancer Incidence Rates

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between pancreatic cancer incidence and selected dietary factors, alcohol consumption, and tobacco smoking in Poland in 1960–2008. Data on pancreatic cancer morbidity were derived from the National Cancer Registry and on food consumption from the national food balance sheets. In 1960–1989 correlations were found between pancreatic cancer incidence rates and energy (0.60 for males and 0.57 for females), cholesterol (0.87 and 0.80), fibre (−0.84 and −0.89) and folate (−0.45 and −0.49) intake, the consumption of total fats (0.94 and 0.91), animal fats (0,90 and 0,82), sugar (0.88 and 0.87), cereals (−0.93 and −0.91), and alcohol (0.86 and 0.82). In 1990–2008 morbidity correlated with the consumption of red meat (0.67 and 0.48), poultry (−0.88 and −0.57), and fruit (−0.62 and −0.50). Correlation with tobacco smoking was observed in the whole studied period (0.55 and 0.44). Increased incidence of pancreatic cancer in 1960–1995 was probably related to adverse dietary patterns up to 1989, especially high consumption of fats, sugar, and alcohol. Further positive changes in the diet such as lowering red meat consumption and increasing fruit consumption could influence incidence reduction in recent years. Also changes in tobacco smoking could affect the morbidity.

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Alemtuzumab CARE-MS II 5-year follow-up

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.0000000000004354 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 89 (11) ◽

pp. 1117-1126 ◽

Cited By ~ 132

Author(s):

Alasdair J. Coles ◽

Jeffrey A. Cohen ◽

Edward J. Fox ◽

Gavin Giovannoni ◽

Hans-Peter Hartung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Continuous Treatment ◽

Inadequate Response ◽

Class Iii ◽

Prior Therapy ◽

Link Type ◽

Brain Volume Loss ◽

Core Study ◽

Adjusted Incidence

Objective:To evaluate 5-year efficacy and safety of alemtuzumab in patients with active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and inadequate response to prior therapy.Methods:In the 2-year Comparison of Alemtuzumab and Rebif Efficacy in Multiple Sclerosis (CARE-MS) II study (NCT00548405), alemtuzumab-treated patients received 2 courses (baseline and 12 months later). Patients could enter an extension (NCT00930553), with as-needed alemtuzumab retreatment for relapse or MRI activity. Annualized relapse rate (ARR), 6-month confirmed disability worsening (CDW; ≥1-point Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS] score increase [≥1.5 if baseline EDSS = 0]), 6-month confirmed disability improvement (CDI; ≥1-point EDSS decrease [baseline score ≥2.0]), no evidence of disease activity (NEDA), brain volume loss (BVL), and adverse events (AEs) were assessed.Results:Most alemtuzumab-treated patients (92.9%) who completed CARE-MS II entered the extension; 59.8% received no alemtuzumab retreatment. ARR was low in each extension year (years 3–5: 0.22, 0.23, 0.18). Through 5 years, 75.1% of patients were free of 6-month CDW; 42.9% achieved 6-month CDI. In years 3, 4, and 5, proportions with NEDA were 52.9%, 54.2%, and 58.2%, respectively. Median yearly BVL remained low in the extension (years 1–5: −0.48%, −0.22%, −0.10%, −0.19%, −0.07%). AE exposure-adjusted incidence rates in the extension were lower than in the core study. Thyroid disorders peaked at year 3, declining thereafter.Conclusions:Alemtuzumab provides durable efficacy through 5 years in patients with an inadequate response to prior therapy in the absence of continuous treatment.Classification of evidence:This study provides Class III evidence that alemtuzumab provides efficacy and slowing of brain atrophy through 5 years.

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Dengue Fever in Italy: The “Eternal Return” of an Emerging Arboviral Disease

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease ◽

10.3390/tropicalmed7010010 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 10

Author(s):

Matteo Riccò ◽

Simona Peruzzi ◽

Federica Balzarini ◽

Alessandro Zaniboni ◽

Silvia Ranzieri

Keyword(s):

Incidence Rate ◽

Central Italy ◽

Denv Infection ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Annual Incidence ◽

Annual Reports ◽

Foreign Born ◽

Time Period ◽

Adjusted Incidence Rate ◽

Adjusted Incidence

Enhanced surveillance for dengue virus (DENV) infections in Italy has been implemented since 2012, with annual reports from the National Health Institute. In this study, we summarize available evidence on the epidemiology of officially notified DENV infections from 2010–2021. In total, 1043 DENV infection cases were diagnosed, and most of them occurred in travelers, with only 11 autochthonous cases. The annual incidence rates of DENV infections peaked during 2019 with 0.277 cases per 100,000 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.187–0.267), (age-adjusted incidence rate: 0.328, 95% CI 0.314–0.314). Cases of DENV were clustered during the summer months of July (11.4%), August (19.3%), and September (12.7%). The areas characterized by higher notification rates were north-western (29.0%), and mostly north-eastern Italy (41.3%). The risk for DENV infection in travelers increased in the time period 2015–2019 (risk ratio [RR] 1.808, 95% CI 1.594–2.051) and even during 2020–2021 (RR 1.771, 95% CI 1.238–2.543). Higher risk for DENV was additionally reported in male subjects compared with females subjects, and aged 25 to 44 years, and in individuals from northern and central Italy compared to southern regions and islands. In a multivariable Poisson regression model, the increased number of travelers per 100 inhabitants (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.065, 95% CI 1.036–1.096), the incidence in other countries (IRR 1.323, 95% CI 1.165–1.481), the share of individuals aged 25 to 44 years (IRR 1.622, 95% CI 1.338–1.968), and foreign-born residents (IRR 2.717, 95% CI 1.555–3.881), were identified as effectors of annual incidence. In summary, although the circulation of DENV remains clustered among travelers, enhanced surveillance is vital for the early detection of human cases and the prompt implementation of response measures.

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Abstract TP178: Walk Score and Risk of Ischemic Stroke Among Town Residents

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.44.suppl_1.atp178 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Malik M Adil ◽

Mariam Suri ◽

Basit Rahim ◽

Sarwat I Gilani ◽

Adnan I Qureshi

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

The United States ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Physical Activities ◽

Online Database ◽

Stroke Incidence ◽

Walk Score ◽

Attractive Option ◽

Ready Availability ◽

Adjusted Incidence

BACKGROUND: Regular physical activities, including light-to-moderate activities, such as walking, have well-established benefits for reducing the risk of ischemic stroke. It remains unknown whether certain area characteristics can influence the risk of stroke through promoting such activities. OBJECTIVES: We tested the hypothesis that how walkable an area is will be negatively associated with the risk of ischemic stroke in persons residing in the area. METHODS: We calculated the age- adjusted annual incidence rates of ischemic stroke among residents in each of the 63 cities in Minnesota between 2007 and 2011. The walk score, an online database, provides a numerical walkability score for any location within the United States, ranging between 0 and 100 that is computed by using exclusive algorithms. The route to amenities is sorted into nine different categories: grocery, restaurants, shopping, coffee, banks, parks, schools, books, and entertainment, which are weighed according to their prominence. RESULTS: There are 2,901,389 persons residing in 63 cities in Minnesota (average population per town is 46053). The average walk score of the 63 towns in Minnesota was 37, ranging from 14 to 69. The average median age of residents was similar in tertiles of towns based on walk score as follows: ≤25 (n=9) 36 years; 26-50(n=46) 36 years; and 51-100(n=8) 34 years. The age adjusted incidence of ischemic stroke was similar in tertiles of towns based on walk score as follows: ≤25 (n=9) 2157 per 100,000; 26-50(n=46) 1924 per 100,000; and 51-100(n=8) 2856 per 100,000 residents. The correlation between age adjusted ischemic stroke incidence and walk score was low (R2=0.32) within Minnesota. CONCLUSIONS: The ready availability of indices such as walk score makes it an attractive option but currently such indices lack the sensitivity to measure the magnitude and health benefits of light-to-moderate activities performed within a town.

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Substantial Within-Country Variation in the Incidence of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Nationwide Finnish Study

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.0000000000012129 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012129

Author(s):

Ilari Rautalin ◽

Joni Valdemar Lindbohm ◽

Jaakko Kaprio ◽

Miikka Korja

Keyword(s):

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽

Poisson Regression ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Poisson Regression Model ◽

Geographical Regions ◽

Adjusted Incidence Rate ◽

Rate Ratios ◽

Adjusted Incidence ◽

Finnish Study

Objective:To study whether the incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) varies between geographical regions of Finland.Methods:By utilizing the nationwide Causes of Death and Hospital Discharge Registers, we identified all first-ever, hospitalized and sudden-death (dying before hospitalization) SAH events in Finland between 1998 and 2017. Based on the SAH patients’ home residence, we divided SAHs into five geographical regions: 1) Southern, 2) Central, 3) Western, 4) Eastern, and 5) Northern Finland. We calculated crude and European age-standardized (ESP2013) SAH incidence rates for each region, and used a Poisson regression model to calculate age-, sex- and calendar year-adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals for regional and time-dependent differences.Results:During the total 106 510 337 cumulative person-years, we identified 9 443 first-ever SAH cases, of which 24% died before hospitalization. As compared to Western Finland, where the SAH incidence was the lowest (7.4 per 100 000 persons), the ESP-standardized SAH incidence was 1.4 times higher in Eastern (10.2 per 100 000 persons; adjusted IRR=1.37 (1.27–1.47)) and Northern Finland (10.4 per 100 000 persons; adjusted IRR=1.40 (1.30–1.51)). These differences were similar when men and women were analyzed independently. Although SAH incidence rates decreased in all five regions over two decades, the rate of decrease varied significantly by region.Conclusion:SAH incidence appears to vary substantially by region in Finland. Our results suggest that regional SAH studies can identify high-risk subpopulations, but can also considerably over- or underestimate incidence on a nationwide level.

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Age-adjusted incidence rates of synchronous liver metastases for stage IV colorectal cancer compared by sex, race, and age group

HPB ◽

10.1016/j.hpb.2021.11.017 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Philip H.G. Ituarte ◽

Rebecca Nelson ◽

Michael P. O'Leary ◽

Mustafa Raoof ◽

Gagandeep Singh

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Liver Metastases ◽

Stage Iv ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Age Group ◽

Synchronous Liver Metastases ◽

Stage Iv Colorectal Cancer ◽

Adjusted Incidence

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The Incremental Risk of Pancreatic Cancer According to Fasting Glucose Levels: Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2019-00033 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 104 (10) ◽

pp. 4594-4599 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dong-Hoe Koo ◽

Kyung-Do Han ◽

Cheol-Young Park

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Cancer ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Cumulative Incidence ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Population Based ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Fasting Glucose Level ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Level 1 ◽

Level 2

Abstract Context It has been unclear whether the risk of pancreatic cancer is different according to glucose levels. Objective To determine the association between fasting glucose levels and pancreatic cancer risk using prospectively collected nationwide population-based cohort data in Korea. Design The National Health Insurance Service database of claims and preventive health check-up data recorded was used between 2009 and 2015. Setting and Participants A total of 25.4 million patients who had participated in a preventive health check-up between 2009 and 2013 were evaluated for pancreatic cancer incidence rates according to fasting glucose level. Main Outcomes Measures The cumulative incidence rate for pancreatic cancer was calculated after grouping according to fasting glucose levels as follows: (i) low normal (<90 mg/dL), (ii) high normal (90 to 99 mg/dL), (iii) prediabetes level 1 (100 to 109 mg/dL), (iv) prediabetes level 2 (110 to 125 mg/dL), (v) diabetes (≥126 mg/dL), and (vi) diabetes on anti-diabetic medications. Results The 5-year cumulative incidence rates (per 100,000) were as follows: (i) low normal = 32; (ii) high normal = 41; (iii) prediabetes level 1 = 50; (iv) prediabetes level 2 = 64; (v) diabetes = 75; and (vi) on anti-diabetic medications = 121. The risk of pancreatic cancer increased continuously with elevating fasting glucose levels (P < 0.0001). The incidence of pancreatic cancer increased significantly with increasing fasting blood glucose levels even after adjusting for age, sex, smoking, drinking, exercise, body mass index, and diabetes duration (P < 0.0001). Conclusions The cumulative incidence rate of pancreatic cancer significantly increased as the fasting glucose level elevated, even in populations with a normal glucose level range.

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