scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF UNPROTECTED AND PROTECTED STEEL STRUCTURES UNDER FIRE

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Saulnier ◽  
Sébastien Durif ◽  
Abdelhamid Bouchaïr ◽  
Philippe Audebert ◽  
Mohamed Lahmar
Keyword(s):  
Fire Protection ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Experimental Protocol ◽  
Plate Temperature ◽  
Angle Section ◽  
Set Up

<p>Preliminary fire experimental tests have been carried out on steel plates protected with intumescent coating.</p><p>The tests evaluated and measured the heating of steel plates with various geometrical configurations: shape, size. A first test on an equal leg angle section showed interesting results with different coating expansion on the faces of the section.</p>The second test campaign is done with different protections to compare behaviors of four steel plates. The first objective is to set up an experimental protocol for future tests. Those results are used to evaluate analytical prevision of steel plate temperature with and without fire protection.

scholarly journals Study of Industrial Grade Thermal Insulation as Passive Fire Protection up to 1200 °C

Safety ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Joachim Søreng Bjørge ◽  
Amalie Gunnarshaug ◽  
Torgrim Log ◽  
Maria-Monika Metallinou
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Heat Sink ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Plate Temperature ◽  
Industrial Grade ◽  
Passive Fire Protection

It has recently been demonstrated that 50 mm thick industrial grade thermal insulation may serve as passive fire protection of jet fire exposed thick walled steel distillation columns. The present study investigates the performance of thermal insulation in conjunction to 3 mm, 6 mm, 12 mm and 16 mm steel walls, i.e., where the wall represents less heat sink, when exposed to 350 kW/m2 heat load. Regardless of the tested steel plate thicknesses, about 10 min passed before a nearly linear steel temperature increase versus time was observed. Thereafter, the thinnest plates systematically showed a faster temperature increase than the thickest plates confirming the wall heat sink effect. To study thermal insulation sintering, 50 mm thermal insulation cubes were heat treated (30 min holding time) at temperatures up to 1100 °C. No clear sign of melting was observed, but sintering resulted in 25% shrinkage at 1100 °C. Thermogravimetric analysis to 1300 °C revealed mass loss peaks due to anti-dusting material at 250 °C and Bakelite binder at 460 °C. No significant mass change occurred above 1000 °C. Differential scanning calorimetry to 1300 °C revealed endothermic processes related to the anti-dusting material and Bakelite mass losses, as well as a conspicuous endothermic peak at 1220 °C. This peak is most likely due to melting. The endothermic processes involved when heating the thermal insulation may to a large part explain the 10 min delay in steel plate temperature increase during fire testing. Overall, the tested thermal insulation performed surprisingly well also for protecting the thin steel plates.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF FIRE-PROTECTIVE ABILITY OF NEWLY CREATED FIRE-PROTECTIVE COATINGS OF STEEL STRUCTURES

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
A. Kovalov ◽  
◽  
Y. Otrosh ◽  
V. Tomenko ◽  
O. Vasylyev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Thermal Calculation ◽  
Thermophysical Characteristics ◽  
Standard Temperature

Abstract. The results of the development of fire-retardant substances based on domestic materials to increase the fire resistance of fire-retardant steel structures are presented. New compositions of fire-retardant substances on the basis of domestic materials capable of swelling are developed. A series of experimental studies to determine the heating temperature of fire-resistant steel structures. For this purpose, samples of reduced size in the form of a steel plate with a flame retardant applied to the heating surface were used. Fire tests of fire-retardant steel plates coated with the developed fire-retardant substance forming a coating on the protected surface, in the conditions of their tests on the standard temperature of the fire using the installation to determine the fire-retardant ability of fire-retardant coatings. The results of experimental determination of temperature from an unheated surface of steel plates with a fire-retardant covering in the conditions of fire influence at a standard temperature mode of a fire are analyzed. Based on the obtained data (temperature in the furnace and from the unheated surface of steel plates with fire protection system) the solution of the inverse problems of thermal conductivity found thermophysical characteristics of fire protection coating (thermal conductivity and specific volume), which can be used for thermal calculation heating of fire-retardant steel structures at arbitrary fire temperatures. The thermophysical characteristics of the formed fire-retardant coating are substantiated to find the characteristics of the fire-retardant ability of the newly created fire-retardant coating and to ensure the fire resistance of fire-retardant steel structures. The efficiency of the developed fire-retardant coating for protection of steel structures is proved.

scholarly journals Experimental and Numerical Investigation on the Perforation Resistance of Double-Layered Metal Shield under High-Velocity Impact of Armor-Piercing Projectiles

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 626
Author(s):  
Riccardo Scazzosi ◽  
Marco Giglio ◽  
Andrea Manes
Keyword(s):  
High Strength Steel ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Metal Shield ◽  
Softening Parameter

In the case of protection of transportation systems, the optimization of the shield is of practical interest to reduce the weight of such components and thus increase the payload or reduce the fuel consumption. As far as metal shields are concerned, some investigations based on numerical simulations showed that a multi-layered configuration made of layers of different metals could be a promising solution to reduce the weight of the shield. However, only a few experimental studies on this subject are available. The aim of this study is therefore to discuss whether or not a monolithic shield can be substituted by a double-layered configuration manufactured from two different metals and if such a configuration can guarantee the same perforation resistance at a lower weight. In order to answer this question, the performance of a ballistic shield constituted of a layer of high-strength steel and a layer of an aluminum alloy impacted by an armor piercing projectile was investigated in experimental tests. Furthermore, an axisymmetric finite element model was developed. The effect of the strain rate hardening parameter C and the thermal softening parameter m of the Johnson–Cook constitutive model was investigated. The numerical model was used to understand the perforation process and the energy dissipation mechanism inside the target. It was found that if the high-strength steel plate is used as a front layer, the specific ballistic energy increases by 54% with respect to the monolithic high-strength steel plate. On the other hand, the specific ballistic energy decreases if the aluminum plate is used as the front layer.

scholarly journals NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF CORRUGATED STEEL PLATE BRIDGE WITH REINFORCED CONCRETE RELIEVING SLAB

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 585-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian BEBEN ◽  
Adam STRYCZEK
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Bridge Engineering ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Rc Slab

The paper presents a numerical analysis of corrugated steel plate (CSP) bridge with reinforced concrete (RC) relieving slab under static loads. Calculations were made based on the finite element method using Abaqus software. Two computation models were used; in the first one, RC slab was used, and the other was without it. The effect of RC slab to deformations of CSP shell was determined. Comparing the computational results from two numerical models, it can be concluded that when the relieving slab is applied, substantial reductions in displacements, stresses, bending mo­ments and axial thrusts are achieved. Relative reductions of displacements were in the range of 53–66%, and stresses of 73–82%. Maximum displacements and bending moments were obtained at the shell crown, and maximum stresses and axial thrusts at the quarter points. The calculation results were also compared to the values from experimental tests. The course of computed displacements and stresses is similar to those obtained from experimental tests, although the absolute values were generally higher than the measured ones. Results of numerical analyses can be useful for bridge engineering, with particular regard to bridges and culverts made from corrugated steel plates for the range of necessity of using additional relieving elements.

scholarly journals Numerical and Experimental Study on the Locally Blast Loaded Polyurea Coated Steel Plates

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 492-499
Author(s):  
Florina Bucur ◽  
Eugen Trana ◽  
Adrian Rotariu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Coated Steel ◽  
Quick Response ◽  
Blast Mitigation ◽  
Private Research ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Research Facilities

The damages and casualties inflicted by mine and IED attacks in security challenging areas generated a strong and quick response from nations all over the world. As a part of this response several national and private research facilities increased their efforts in identifying and implementing new ways or technologies to enable blast wave mitigation. The current paper aim to investigate the opportunity of using polyurea coated steel plates as a possible new blast mitigation approach, as suggested by several investigators. In order to objectively conclude about the ability of polyurea coated plates to sustain locally blast loads several experimental tests were performed according to STANAG 4569 demands for a 1/6 scaled plate structure. In order to numerically validate the experimental results several Autodyn simulations were set-up. The numerical and experimental results exibits a fair correlation, both pointing towards a dismiss of the idea of using polyurea coated steel plates as structural and cost effective blast mitigation approach.

Performance of steel-plate shear wall at high temperature

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-527
Author(s):  
Morteza Jamshidi ◽  
Heydar Dashti NaserAbadi ◽  
Mohammadreza Oliaei
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Shear Wall ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Steel Plate Shear Wall

Purpose The high heat induced by fire can substantially decrease the load-bearing capacity, which is more critical in unprotected steel structures than concrete reinforced structures. One of the conventional steel structures is a steel-plate shear wall (SPSW) in which thin infill steel plates are used to resist against the lateral loads. Due to the small thickness of infill plates, high heat seems to dramatically influence the lateral load-bearing capacity of this type of structures. Therefore, this study aims to provide an investigation into the performance of SPSW with reduced beam section at high temperature. Design/methodology/approach In the present paper, to examine the seismic performance of SPSW at high temperature, 48 single-span single-story steel frames equipped with steel plates with the thicknesses of 2.64 mm, 5 mm and 7 mm and yield stresses of 85 MPa, 165 MPa, 256 MPa and 300 MPa were numerically modeled. Furthermore, their behavioral indices, namely, strength, stiffness, ductility and hysteresis behavior, were studied at the temperatures of 20, 458, 642 and 917? The simulated models in the present paper are based on the experimental specimen presented by Vian and Bruneau (2004). Findings The obtained results revealed that the high heat harshly diminishes the seismic performance of SPSW so that the lateral strength is reduced even by 95% at substantially high temperatures. Therefore, SPSW starts losing its strength and stiffness at high temperature such that it completely loses its capacity of strength, stiffness and energy dissipation at the temperature of 917? Moreover, it was proved that by separating the percentage of their participations variations of the infill plate in SPSW, their behavior and the bare frame can be examined even at high temperatures. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the seismic performance of SPSW at different temperatures has not been evaluated and compared yet.

Ductile cement-based spray-applied fire-resistive materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Victor C. Li
Keyword(s):  
Fire Protection ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Material Design ◽  
Field Application ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cementitious Composite ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Engineered Cementitious Composite ◽  
Passive Fire Protection

Purpose Spray-applied fire-resistive materials (SFRMs) are the most commonly used passive fire protection for steel structure in the USA. However, they are often called into question because of their poor durability (cohesive and adhesive) performance. Being an inherently brittle material with low tensile strength, SFRM tends to dislodge and delaminate under extreme loads and service loads. Such loss of fire protection greatly endangers the steel structures, especially under multi-hazards like post-earthquake/impact fires. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new technology of a ductile cement-based SFRM, namely, spray-applied fire-resistive engineered cementitious composite (SFR-ECC) that overcomes the aforementioned problems and contributes toward enhanced fire safety of steel structures. Design/methodology/approach SFR-ECC has been developed as a durable alternative to conventional SFRM by adopting engineered cementitious composite (ECC) technology in the material design process. Various experimental studies have also been conducted to fully evaluate the performance of SFR-ECC. Findings It is found that SFR-ECC possesses much better durability performance under both static and high-rate loading compared to conventional SFRMs. With many unique properties, applications of SFR-ECC for pre-fabrication of passive fire protection are also found to be feasible. Originality/value This paper is a comprehensive introduction of the newly developed SFR-ECC. It summarizes the key properties of SFR-ECC and provides a useful guideline for further investigation and field application of SFR-ECC.

scholarly journals Determination of the load-bearing capacity of «steel-wood» connections of LVL structures under tension

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-69
Author(s):  
Quoc Phong Tran ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Dowel Connections ◽  
Wooden Structures

The article presents the results of calculation of the load-bearing capacity of connections of LVL structures under tension using cylindrical dowels in trusses and frames. The description of calculation schemes for determining the load-bearing capacity of connections with different location and sizes of steel plates in the connection is given. The influence of steel plate placement on the distribution of forces in the cross-section of samples is investigated. Based on the results of analytical and experimental studies, the load-bearing capacity of dowels during bending is considered, as well as the mechanism of wooden structures` fracture during chipping. A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of different schemes of dowel connections with three steel plates under tension is carried out.

Effects of Cathodic Protection and Coating on the Corrosion Rate of Carbon Steel in Stagnant and Flowing Freshwater

2013 ◽  
Vol 686 ◽  
pp. 219-226
Author(s):  
Abdelsalam Ahdash ◽  
Esah Hamzah ◽  
Ali Ourdjini ◽  
Siti Rahmah Shamsuri
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
The Other ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Coated Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Bare Steel ◽  
Protection Layer ◽  
Impressed Current

The protection of carbon steel in freshwater media has been examined via two techniques (Impressed current cathodic and coating). This paper shows the reduction of corrosion rates under different conditions. Experimental tests were carried out for two types of steel (bared, coated) and with ICCP/without ICCP in stagnant and flowing freshwater. The results showed there was a variation in the values of potential according to the formation of the protection layer on the surface of steel plates. Furthermore, this layer showed such an excellent protection for both steels with ICCP in stagnant and flowing freshwater, where the values of potential had decreased from -840mV to -875 mV. However, the values of potential had increased from -702 mV to -630 mV for the coated steel without ICCP. On the other hand, the values of potential slightly fluctuated up to -10 mV for the bare steel without ICCP. The reason behind this increase is attributed to the formation of an oxide layer on the surface of the steel plate.

MODE I STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR OF CENTER-CRACKED TENSILE STEEL PLATES WITH CFRP REINFORCEMENT

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 1350005 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHAO WU ◽  
XIAO LING ZHAO ◽  
RIADH AL-MAHAIDI ◽  
WEN HUI DUAN
Keyword(s):  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Mode I ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Single Side ◽  
Geometric Factors ◽  
Parametric Studies

Advanced carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) demonstrates promise for the fatigue strengthening of steel structures. By decreasing the stress field at the crack tip, the stress intensity factors (SIFs) can be effectively reduced by CFRP reinforcement. In this paper, the mode I SIF of CFRP-reinforced center-cracked tensile (CCT) steel plate is proposed based on a series of fatigue tests. The selected fatigue tests include experiments conducted by the authors as well as fatigue tests reported in the literature, covering different CFRP systems (low/high modulus, CFRP sheeting/plate) with various CFRP strengthening dimensions. The classical mode I SIF of CCT steel plate without CFRP strengthening is selected as the basis of the proposed solution. Then two reduction factors, similar to the correction factors given in the Japanese Society of Steel Construction (JSSC) standard, are introduced to study the effects of the mechanical properties of CFRP composites and the geometries of the CFRP reinforcement, respectively. Modified SIFs for both single-side CFRP-reinforced and double-side CFRP-reinforced CCT steel plates are proposed. It is found that the experimental SIFs of CFRP-reinforced CCT steel plates can be reasonably captured by the proposed mode I SIF formula. Finally, parametric studies for investigating the sensitivity of SIF to various mechanical and geometric factors are presented.

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