scholarly journals Evaluation of the effect of carbamazepine on the concentration of vitellogenin in Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-139
Author(s):  
Sylvia María Cacua Ortiz ◽  
Néstor J. Aguirre ◽  
Gustavo A. Peñuela
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Emerging Contaminant ◽  
Gonadotropin Secretion ◽  
Mature Adult ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Pharmaceutical Waste ◽  
Striped Catfish ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Vitellogenin Concentration

Abstract Carbamazepine is a pharmaceutical used in patients with seizures and bipolar disorder, which has been found in wastewater and many water resources. This is due to the inadequate disposal of pharmaceutical waste and the lack of treatment of municipal wastewater, as is the case in Colombia. The two main hydrographic basins of Colombia are the Cauca and Magdalena rivers, which are inhabited by the endemic species Striped Catfish (Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum). This has become an endangered species for various reasons, including the high contamination level of these rivers. In 2019, mature adult P. magdaleniatum of both sexes were caught in the Cauca river in Colombia. This was in order to assess the concentration of vitellogenin, as a biomarker of endocrine disruption, resulting from exposure to different levels of concentration of the emerging contaminant carbamazepine for 4 months. These tests were carried out in a fish farm. A significant decrease in the vitellogenin concentration was verified in females at concentrations of 25 µg l-1 and 50 µg l-1, and in males at 50 µg l-1 of carbamazepine, with a significance level of p˂0.05. Carbamazepine could cause a negative feedback in gonadotropin secretion, acting as an estrogen mimicker that causes a decrease in the level of vitellogenin.

PENGARUH KOMUNIKASI TERAPEUTIK TERHADAP PENURUNAN TINGKAT KECEMASAN PASIEN PRE-OPERATIF DI IBS BLU RSUP Prof. Dr. R.D. KANDOU MANADO

e-NERS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reychie Janis Sanggel ◽  
Jeavery Bawotong ◽  
Gresty Masi
Keyword(s):  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
T Test ◽  
Patient Anxiety ◽  
Therapeutic Communication ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Keywords Anxiety ◽  
Different Levels

Abstrak: Dalam menyiapkan pasien yang akan dioperasi, maka perawat dituntut mampu menyiapkan pasien untuk siap menjalani tindakan pembedahan. Sehingga komunikasi terapeutik dapat diterapkan oleh perawat untuk mengurangi kecemasannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh komunikasi terapeutik terhadap penurunan tingkat kecemasan pasien pre-operatif di IBS BLU RSUP Prof.Dr.R.D.Kandou Manado. Desain dalam penelitian ini adalah pra-eksperiment one group pretest-posttest design. Sampel adalah pasien yang akan menjalani operasi di IBS BLU RSUP Prof.Dr.R.D.Kandou Manado yang mempunyai kecemasan. Variabel independen adalah komunikasi terapeutik dan variabel dependen adalah tingkat kecemasan pasien pre-operatif. Analisa data menggunakan uji-T sampel berpasangan pada tingkat kemaknaan 95% (α ≤0,05) dengan bantuan program SPSS versi 20. Hasil analisa didapatkan nilai p=0,000, artinya p <α. Hal ini berarti hipotesis nol (H0) ditolak. Dengan kata lain terdapat perbedaan tingkat kecemasan sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan komunikasi terapeutik pada pasien pre-operatif di IBS BLU RSUP Prof.Dr.R.D.Kandou Manado. Kata kunci: kecemasan, komunikasi terapeutik, pasien pre-operatif.     Abstract: In preparing the patient to be operated, the nurses are able to prepare patients to readily undergo surgery. So that therapeutic communication can be applied by nurses to reduce anxiety. This study aimed to determine the effect of therapeutic communication to the decline in the level of patient pre-operative anxiety in IBS BLU Dr Prof.Dr.RDKandou Manado. The design in this study were pre-experimental one group pretest-posttest design. Samples are patients who will undergo surgery in the department of Prof.Dr.RDKandou Manado BLU IBS who have anxiety. The independent variable was therapeutic communication and the dependent variable is the level of pre-operative patient anxiety. Analysis of data using paired samples T-test at 95% significance level (α ≤ 0.05) with SPSS version 20. Analysis results obtained p=0.000, meaning that p <α. This means that the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected. In other words, there are different levels of anxiety before and after therapeutic communication in pre-operative patients in the IBS BLU Dr Prof.Dr.RD. Kandou Manado. Keywords: anxiety, therapeutic communication, pre-operative patients.

Development of a Reproducible Upper Limb Swelling Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (04) ◽  
pp. 452-455
Author(s):  
Kunihide Muraoka ◽  
John Kleimeyer ◽  
Jeffrey Yao
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Volumetric Method ◽  
Blood Pressure Cuff ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Head Elevation ◽  
Pressure Cuff ◽  
Dependent Position ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Swelling Model

Background: The purpose of this study was to develop a reproducible upper limb swelling model and quantify the efficacy of changing elevation posture in swelling reduction using this model. Methods: A manual sphygmomanometer was applied to healthy volunteers’ upper arms while in a dependent position for 25 minutes to create venous congestion and swelling. Seven different levels of pressure (250, 120, 100, 80, 50, 40 and 30 mmHg) were tested. Every 5 minutes, the level of swelling was measured using the volumetric method. Any complications were recorded. We then compared the swelling reduction potential among 3 limb postures (arm on head, elevation brace, and simple sling). The significance level was set at p < .05. Results: Thirty to forty milliliters of swelling was created for all pressure levels except the 250 and 30 mmHg. All complications including transient nerve palsy, pain and petechiae were severe at 250 and 120 mmHg, less severe at 100 mmHg, mild at 80 mmHg, and absent below 40 mmHg. Both the on head and elevated brace limb postures markedly and significantly decreased swelling greater than the simple sling posture. Conclusions: We found that 20 ml or greater swelling can be reliably created with a blood pressure cuff inflated to 40 mmHg on the upper limb. The on head and elevated brace postures demonstrated a greater degree of swelling reduction than the simple sling posture.

Herbivore damage, resource richness and putative defences in juvenile versus adult Eucalyptus leaves

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma K. Gras ◽  
Jennifer Read ◽  
Chantal T. Mach ◽  
Gordon D. Sanson ◽  
Fiona J. Clissold
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Leaf Toughness ◽  
Resource Concentration ◽  
Mature Adult ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Levels

Eucalyptus species often show marked differences in morphology and ecophysiology between adult and juvenile leaves. Given these differences, it was hypothesised that juvenile and adult leaves would present different levels of resources to a herbivore, and potentially different levels of putative anti-herbivore defences. This hypothesis was tested in some eucalypts growing in native forest in south-eastern Australia. There were no significant differences in levels of water, protein or carbohydrates (per unit dry weight) between mature adult and juvenile leaves. No difference was recorded in concentration of total phenolics between leaf forms, but more protein was precipitated (an estimate of tannin activity) in extracts from juvenile leaves. Cyanogenic glycosides were absent from mature leaves, but present in young leaves of both leaf forms in E. polyanthemos. No significant difference in concentration of any terpene was recorded between adult and juvenile leaves in E. nitens and E. regnans. Specific leaf area was lower in adult leaves, and fibre concentration was higher in adult leaves of some species, suggesting that resources in the adult leaf may be less accessible to a herbivore. However, there was no difference in leaf toughness between leaf forms, even though toughness per unit leaf thickness was higher in juvenile leaves. Hence, no major trends in resource concentration were apparent between the leaf forms, and of the defences investigated, only tannin activity varied significantly between the leaf forms.

scholarly journals Adaptational changes in clear aligner fit with time:

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal I. Linjawi ◽  
Amal M. Abushal
Keyword(s):  
San Jose ◽  
Lower Incisor ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Clear Aligner ◽  
Gap Width ◽  
Labial Surface ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACT Objectives To analyze adaptational changes in clear aligner fit after intraoral usage at different sets of time. Materials and Methods Eight Invisalign appliances (Align Technology, San Jose, California, USA) were collected after intraoral usage. Acrylic imprints of the lower incisor region were constructed for each appliance at T0 (unused appliance). Two appliances were then used intra-orally for each of the following defined periods of time: 3 days, 7 days, 10 days, or 15 days. Used aligners were adapted on its T0 imprint and both were sectioned buccolingually from the distal surfaces of each incisor at the attachment area. Eight surfaces were collected for each set of time (n = 32 surfaces). Microphotographs of obtained sections and micrometric measurements of aligner fit were recorded at five different levels using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mean values of the fit changes (gap width) and group comparisons were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc tests. Significance level was set at P &lt; .05. Results Highly significant differences in aligner fit were found at the different time points assessed (P &lt; .001) with the least mean gap width at 15 days (176 ± 98 μm) and the highest at 7 days (269 ± 145 μm). Significant differences in aligner fit at different attachment levels were also found (P &lt; .01) with the least mean gap width at the middle of the labial surface of the attachment (187 ± 118 μm). Conclusions The 15-day period of intraoral aligner wear might still be recommended as it showed the best adaptation and least gap width between the aligner and the attachment.

scholarly journals Different levels of taxonomic resolution in bioassessment: a case study of oligochaeta in lowland streams

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustina Cortelezzi ◽  
Laura Cecilia Armendáriz ◽  
María Vanesa López van Oosterom ◽  
Rosana Cepeda ◽  
Alberto Rodrigues Capítulo
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Type ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Taxonomic Resolution ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Physical Habitat ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Lowland Streams ◽  
Different Levels

AIM: This study evaluated the use of oligochaetes at different levels of taxonomic resolution as environmental indicators in Argentine lowland streams affected by different land uses. METHODS: Sampling sites were grouped based on the physicochemical and habitat characteristics (low-, moderate-, and high-impact disturbance). Collection of the oligochaetes samples was carried out seasonally in sediment and vegetation habitats. RESULTS: The increases in nutrients and organic matter produced elevated densities of the Oligochaeta, but when the disturbance also involved changes in the physical habitat or enhancements in toxic substances, the abundance decreased significantly to values even lower than those of non-impacted environments. The responses of Naidinae and Tubificinae were similar. The density of the Pristininae decreased with increasing impact, but those of the Enchytraeidae and Rhyacodrilinae increased at the most highly impacted sites. The Opistocystidae were not recorded in high-impact sites. Species richness and diversity (H') were lower in high-impact sites and even lower in sediments. Some species presented no restrictions in the habitat type or with the contamination level: Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, Dero furcatus, D. digitata, D. pectinata, Pristina longiseta, and P. aequiseta. Moreover, Trieminentia corderoi, Slavina appendiculata, and Aulodrilus pigueti exhibited the highest abundances at low-impact sites and were not registered in high-impact sites. CONCLUSIONS: The Oligochaeta show a relatively wide ecological valence through their extensive number of species. Although lower taxonomic levels can give information about environmental status, test-species' sensitivities to different types and degrees of contamination will be of utmost relevance to the evaluation of ecological quality.

scholarly journals ON SOME METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE STUDY OF HUMAN INDIVIDUALITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
A Yu Kalugin
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Hidden Data ◽  
Restriction Of Range ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Nonlinear Correlations ◽  
Maximal Information Coefficient ◽  
Different Levels

Human individuality, presented on different levels (from biological to social ones), is of a high interest in Russian psychology, and the method of correlation design is widely used among researches, because it allows revealing relationships between multi-level properties of individuality. The present article examines several methodical aspects of the correlation analysis implementation, discussing problems and possible solutions. In particular, it considers the issue of nonlinear dependencies (parabolic, hyperbolic etc.), which are impossible to reveal by common correlation methods, but which can be uncovered by using nonlinear correlations, such as correlation index, correlation ratio, maximal information coefficient, distance correlation, maximal correlation, “partial moments” method. Furthermore, it considers the necessity of visualizing variables correlation (scatterplots) that enables to reveal hidden data structures, for example, subgroups. Special attention is paid to correlations corrections for restriction of range and related difficulties that are well-known, but scarcely researched in Russian psychology. In process of investigating plentiful pairwise correlations between individuality properties on different levels it is important to consider anissue of multiple comparisons, which, however, is rarely taken into the account by researches, leading to false results in many occasions. Moreover, the article examines robust statistical methods, particularly permutation tests and bootstrap. These methods combine robustness and high power. Finally, the study observes such issues as the completeness of results presentation and current debates about significance level, effect size and confidence intervals, reproducibility of psychological researches, and meta-analysis approach. Significance level has often been criticized; interval estimates and effect size were supposed to replace it. However, the problem of Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST) has not been completely solved yet. A possible solution is presentation of complete data on research results including precise significance level, confidence intervals, effect size and etc. These estimations can be then applied in meta-analysis, which allows moving on to a new level of scientific generalizations.

scholarly journals Analysis of Difference in Household Debt across Regions of Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 12253
Author(s):  
Paravee Maneejuk ◽  
Sopanid Teerachai ◽  
Atinuch Ratchakit ◽  
Woraphon Yamaka
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Household Debt ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Debt Burden ◽  
Quantile Regression Model ◽  
Panel Quantile Regression ◽  
Unequal Access ◽  
Different Levels

This study analyzed the determinants of household debt in Thailand at both the regional and the national levels using the panel data of 76 provinces over the years 2009–2017. The Panel Quantile Regression Model was employed to enable the analysis of the formation of household debt ranging from low to high levels. The findings indicate that household indebtedness in different regions has been shaped by a variety of factors, and that households in the same region with different levels of debt burden would experience different impacts or outcomes. We also tested the convergence of household debt, which produced the thought-provoking finding that household debt convergence failed to occur at both the national and the regional levels, while household debt divergence was found instead at the statistical significance level in some regions. The growing debt divergence phenomenon might be an outcome indicator of the unequal access to credit sources among different households in Thai society.

scholarly journals Morpho-chemistry in secondary sludge filtration cakes: a case study

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Deneux-Mustin ◽  
Bruno Lartiges ◽  
Genevieve Villemin ◽  
Philippe de Donato ◽  
Jean-Luc Bersillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Chemical Mapping ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Secondary Sludge ◽  
Lime Sludge ◽  
Chemical Distribution ◽  
Different Levels

Light Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM, EDXS), and Fourier Transform Infra Red MicroSpectroscopy (FTIRMS) were used to describe the organization and chemical distribution of major constituents in a sludge filtration cake. Samples were obtained from a municipal wastewater treatment plant using conventional ferric chloride and lime sludge conditioning. Various samples collected at different stages of the process were embedded in an Epoxy resin after acetone-dehydration, and sectioned using an ultra-microtome. The thickness of the sections was adapted to the experimental techniques used. TEM showed that in the activated sludge, bacterial colonies, isolated bacteria and debris are trapped within a gel matrix of exocellular polymeric substances, whereas those same components are compacted and distorted in the filtration cake. Furthermore, conditioning chemicals appeared in the cake as amorphous aggregated colloids and acicular particles which do not form inside the colonies. A chemical mapping was obtained by determining and integrating FTIR bands characteristics of specific components of the cake. Preliminary results showed that the amounts of resin can be used to assess the relative compacity at different levels of the cake.

scholarly journals Textural and functional properties of surimi from striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878) as affected by natural spice extracts

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranendra K. Majumdar ◽  
Apurba Saha ◽  
Pradip K. Maurya ◽  
Deepayan Roy ◽  
Snehal Shitole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Protein Solubility ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Maximum Hardness ◽  
Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus ◽  
Striped Catfish ◽  
Clove Extract ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Different Levels

Effects of aqueous extract of natural spices such as garlic, clove and cinnamon on the textural and functional properties of surimi gel from Striped catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878) was studied and a positive effect was observed. Different levels of extract (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0%, w/w) were used. Protein solubility significantly (p<0.05) changed in treated gels and major change was found in clove and cinnamon incorporated gels. Water holding capacity of the treated gels were found to be higher compared to control and higher values were observed in respect of treatments with cinnamon and clove than that of garlic. Gel strength of treated samples increased significantly (p<0.05) from the control and maximum was found with clove extract at 0.5% level. Whiteness of gel slightly reduced in treated samples. All the texture profiles differed from the control with maximum hardness in clove extract incorporated gels followed by garlic and cinnamon treated ones.

scholarly journals Instant velocity and consistency of emitted cloud change by the different levels of canister filling with Metered Dose Inhalers (MDIs), but not with Soft Mist Inhalers (SMIs): a bench study

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto W. Dal Negro ◽  
Pietro Longo ◽  
Orestepaolo Villanis Ziani ◽  
Luca Bonadiman ◽  
Paola Turco
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Metered Dose Inhalers ◽  
Salbutamol Sulphate ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Metered Dose ◽  
Dose Fraction ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Formoterol Fumarate

Background: Inhalation is the preferred route for respiratory drug delivery, but several factors contribute to the variability of the respirable dose fraction. Instant velocity and the dynamic characteristics of the droplet cloud represent crucial factors. Aim was to measure and compare the instant velocity and the consistency of emitted cloud from five different MDIs (A - Salbutamol sulphate 100mcg, GSK; B - Salbutamol sulphate 100mcg, Valeas; C - Salmeterol xinafoate/Fluticasone propionate 25/125mcg, GSK; D - Formoterol fumarate/Bechlomethasone propionate 6/100mcg, Chiesi; E - Formoterol fumarate/Fluticasone dipropionate 5/125mcg, Mundipharma) and one SMI (Tiotropium bromide 5mcg, Boehringer Ingelheim), at different distance from the nozzle and canister filling. Methods: Measurements were made at 90, 50, and 10% of canister filling, and at 5, 10, and 20 cm from the nozzle, for a total of 972 puffs. A high speed video photography protocol was adopted and high speed cameras (1.200 frames/ sec.) were used. Data were acquired by means of specialized softwares. Temperature, humidity, and vibrations occurrence were strictly controlled during measurements. Statistics: Anova and p < 0.05 were accepted as the minimum significance level. Results: MDIs generated different Instant velocities: MDI B generated the highest, while MDI A the lowest. As expected, velocity decreased in proportion to the distance from the nozzle. Except with MDI C, instant velocity decreased significantly over the first 50% of canister emptying, but dropped by >33% at 90% of emptying with all other MDIs (p < 0–037; p < 0.001; p < 0.005, and p < 0.001, respectively). Instant velocity was extremely lower (p < 0.001) and constant for all levels of canister filling (p = ns) with SMI. All MDIs had a very fast jet phase, ranging 0.01–0.03 s at 10 cm, and 0.03–0.05 s at 20 cm from the nozzle, without any significant difference from each other (p= ns). MDIs generated a cloud similarly tight (p = ns) at 10 and 20 cm from the nozzle, while it was extremely wider and constant with the SMI (p = 0–001). Also the cloud turbulence was minimized during the SMI emission. Discussion and Conclusions: MDIs are characterized by a substantial variability in both their instant velocity and consistency of the emitted cloud at different levels of canister filling. SMI generates a much slower soft mist cloud which is constantly homogeneous and independent of canister emptying. These peculiarities assessed at bench are suggesting a higher dose consistency and a much more effective therapeutic performance also in real life.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document