scholarly journals Ultrasonographic and vaginal cytological diagnostics of the Queen

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
A. P. Pertiwi ◽  
L.I.T. A. Tumbelaka ◽  
M. F. Ulum
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Cervix Uterus ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Thick Wall ◽  
Vaginal Epithelial Cell ◽  
Intact Group ◽  
Vaginal Cytology ◽  
Uterine Body ◽  
Estrus Stage

Ultrasonography is a diagnostic method to image the conditions of reproductive organs and it could be supported by vaginal cytology to identify the activities of the ovaries by the types of vaginal exfoliate cells. The aims of this study was to observe reproduction organ through ultrasonography with supportive diagnostic with vaginal cytological assessment. A total of 10 individual queens were used in this study and then grouped into intact group (n=5) and spayed (ovariohysterectomy) group (n=5) based on the anamneses or their medical history. The vagina, cervix, uterus body and horns, and ovaries were imaged and measured by ultrasound. Vagina, uterine body and horn seem as pipe-like structures with hyperechoic outer lines. The lumen in uterine body and horn seem as a hyperechoic structure. The ovaries seem as round- or oval-shaped structures with anechoic follicles. The corpus luteal has thick wall and seen as anechoic in its centre part. The corpus albicans seems as a hyperechoic structure. The vagina of spayed queens seemed more corrugated than those intact queens. The cervix is seen as a hyperechoic structure linking the vagina and uterine body. Exfoliate vaginal epithelial cell types were then also be identified and counted on each queens. The results of vaginal cytology showed that proestrus occured in 3 intact queens, late metestrus in 1 intact and 3 spayed queens, anestrus in 1 spayed queen, and unidentifiable estrus stage in 1 intact and 1 spayed queens. Moreover, the morphology of cervix and uterine was affected by the activity of ovary.

Morphological features of endo- and myometrium in patients with uterine leiomyoma and infertility

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
M.A. Flaksenberg ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Uterine Leiomyoma ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Simple Type ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Blastocyst Implantation

The objective: determination of morphofunctional features of leiomatous nodes and endometrium in women with uterine leiomyoma and infertility to restore reproductive function and prevent recurrence of the underlying disease. Materials and methods. In order to restore reproductive function and prevent recurrence of the underlying disease, morphofunctional features of leiomatous nodes and endometrium in women with uterine leiomyoma and infertility were determined. Thirty samples of leiomyomatous nodes and endometrium were examined, among which 15 were obtained from women with multiple uterine leiomyoma and infertility and 15 samples from women with uterine leiomyoma with isolated uterine leiomyoma. During the study, a general-histological method was used for staining with hematoxylin-eosin and picrofuxin by van Gizon, as well as immunohistochemical methods. Histological examination of the endometrium was performed according to conventional protocol, taking into account the day of the menstrual cycle and R.W. Noyes criteria. Results. In the morphological examination of leiomyomatous nodes in the vast majority of cases the presence of uterine leiomyomas of simple and cell types or their combination was established. In women with multiple uterine leiomyoma, simple-type leiomyoma (53.3%) was predominant, and in patients with isolated leiomyoma the signs of cellular uterine leiomyoma (66.7%) were more frequently found. In 80.0% of women with uterine leiomyoma revealed pathology of the endometrium, such as glandular and glandular-fibrous polyps, simple and complex atypical endometrial hyperplasia, which confirms the theory about the only pathogenetic mechanisms of the emergence of hyperplastic processes of female organs. In 66.7% of women with multiple leiomyomas, signs of chronic endometritis have been found, which exacerbates the pathological process and can have a negative impact on the reproductive function, such as secretory endometrial transformation and impaired blastocyst implantation, and explains a much higher percentage of infertility in the group. Conclusion. In women with impaired reproductive function, patients with uterine leiomyoma, it is necessary to conduct a study of the receptivity of the reproductive organs, namely - the endometrium and leiomatous nodes. This will make it possible to use one or another method of treatment in order to restore reproductive function and prevent recurrence of the underlying disease. Keywords: infertility, uterine leiomyoma, endometrium, receptive apparatus.

scholarly journals In Vitro Co-Exposure to CeO2 Nanomaterials from Diesel Engine Exhaust and Benzo(a)Pyrene Induces Additive DNA Damage in Sperm and Cumulus Cells but Not in Oocytes

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 478
Author(s):  
Martina Cotena ◽  
Mélanie Auffan ◽  
Virginie Tassistro ◽  
Noémie Resseguier ◽  
Jérôme Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Cumulus Cells ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is a recognized reprotoxic compound and the most widely investigated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in ambient air; it is widespread by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels along with cerium dioxide nanomaterials (CeO2 NMs), which are used in nano-based diesel additives to decrease the emission of toxic compounds and to increase fuel economy. The toxicity of CeO2 NMs on reproductive organs and cells has also been shown. However, the effect of the combined interactions of BaP and CeO2 NMs on reproduction has not been investigated. Herein, human and rat gametes were exposed in vitro to combusted CeO2 NMs or BaP or CeO2 NMs and BaP in combination. CeO2 NMs were burned at 850 °C prior to mimicking their release after combustion in a diesel engine. We demonstrated significantly higher amounts of DNA damage after exposure to combusted CeO2 NMs (1 µg·L−1) or BaP (1.13 µmol·L−1) in all cell types considered compared to unexposed cells. Co-exposure to the CeO2 NMs-BaP mixture induced additive DNA damage in sperm and cumulus cells, whereas no additive effect was observed in rat oocytes. This result could be related to the structural protection of the oocyte by cumulus cells and to the oocyte’s efficient system to repair DNA damage compared to that of cumulus and sperm cells.

Ultrastructure of the female reproductive organs (ovary, vitellaria, and Mehlis' gland) of Halipegus eccentricus (Trematoda: Derogenidae)

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 2203-2212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon M. Holy ◽  
Darwin D. Wittrock
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Golgi Body ◽  
Digenetic Trematode ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Cortical Granules ◽  
Golgi Bodies ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Vitelline Cells ◽  
Female Reproductive Organs

The female reproductive organs (ovary, vitellaria, and Mehlis' gland) of the digenetic trematode Halipegus eccentricus were studied by transmission electron microscopy. Oocytes entered diplotene while in the ovary and produced cortical granules and lipid bodies. Vitelline cells produced large amounts of eggshell protein but no yolk bodies. Two types of Mehlis' gland secretory cells were present, distinguishable by the morphology of their rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, and secretory bodies, and by the persistence of recognizable secretory material within the ootype lumen after exocytosis. In an attempt to standardize the nomenclature regarding the cell types of the Mehlis' gland, a classification that takes into account these four criteria is proposed. Two basic types of Golgi body organization were noted for the cells of the female reproductive system: a stack of flattened cisternae (Mehlis' gland alpha cells) and spherical Golgi bodies with vesicular cisternae (oocytes, vitelline cells, and Mehlis' gland beta cells).

Segmental specialization of calcium-activated potassium conductances in an identified leech neuron

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 957-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Merz
Keyword(s):  
Voltage Clamp ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Resting Membrane Potential ◽  
Potassium Conductances ◽  
K Current ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
X Cells

1. Retzius (R) neurons of the fifth and sixth segmental ganglia of the leech, called R(5,6) neurons are specialized to innervate the adjacent reproductive organs and are morphologically and functionally distinct from R neurons of standard ganglia [R(x) cells]. In this study the electrical properties of the R(x) and R(5,6) neurons were compared under current-clamp and voltage-clamp conditions. 2. The action-potential waveforms of R(x) and R(5,6) cells were similar except for the presence in the R(5,6) cells of a long afterhyperpolarization (AHP) following action potentials arising from the resting membrane potential but not from more depolarized potentials. Its role may thus be to inhibit firing of the R(5,6) neurons at rest or in response to weak depolarizing stimuli. 3. In the presence of the Ca2+ channel blocker Cd2+, the long AHP of the R(5,6) was abolished, and the action potentials of all R cells were identical. 4. Under voltage clamp, current kinetics and densities were similar between R(x) and R(5,6) cells for Ca2+ currents, delayed and inward rectifier K+ currents, and a rapid Ca(2+)-activated K+ current (IKc) that is common to the two cell types. The R(5,6) cells, however, expressed a second Ca(2+)-activated K+ current that was not observed in the R(x) cells. This current, called IKAHP, activated and inactivated more slowly than IKC, with a time course similar to that of the AHP observed under physiological conditions. 5. Neither IKC nor IKAHP was blocked by high concentrations of charybdotoxin or apamin, which block vertebrate Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals A Clinical Case of Unilateral Ovarian Dysgerminoma and Pyometra in a Bitch

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Antonov ◽  
Ivan Fasulkov ◽  
Radostin Simeonov
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Case ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Left Ovary ◽  
Purulent Discharge ◽  
Mild Anemia ◽  
Vaginal Cytology ◽  
Ovarian Dysgerminoma ◽  
Complete Blood Counts ◽  
The Right

AbstractA clinical case of an 11-year-old bitch with unilateral ovarian dysgerminoma and pyometra is described. The owner reported purulent discharge from external genitalia, fastidious appetite and depression. Transabdominal ultrasonography of the reproductive organs showed a hypoechoic mass in the region of the left ovary (7.18 × 6.65 cm) and a strongly enlarged uterine lumen full of anechoic fluid. Vaginal cytology demonstrated about 50% superficial cornfield epithelial cells and multiple neutrophils. Complete blood counts and blood biochemistry analysis indicated a significant leukocytosis and a mild anemia. Blood progesterone (3.96 ng/ml) and estradiol (86 pg/ml) were assayed. Median laparotomy revealed an enlarged uterus, substantially altered left ovary, of the size of a grapefruit. The right ovary was of normal size and structure. Tumor metastases in other organs were not seen. Histologically, diffusely located cancer cells resembling primitive germ cells, specific for dysgerminomas, were established. One year after the surgery, according to the owner the dog is vital, with normal appetite and without general condition abnormalities.

scholarly journals Conservation and diversity of the eukaryotic SAGA coactivator complex across kingdoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Jiun C. Chen ◽  
Sharon Y. R. Dent
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Saga Complex ◽  
Transcriptional Coactivator ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Adaptive Immune Cells ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Cellular Pathways

AbstractThe SAGA complex is an evolutionarily conserved transcriptional coactivator that regulates gene expression through its histone acetyltransferase and deubiquitylase activities, recognition of specific histone modifications, and interactions with transcription factors. Multiple lines of evidence indicate the existence of distinct variants of SAGA among organisms as well as within a species, permitting diverse functions to dynamically regulate cellular pathways. Our co-expression analysis of genes encoding human SAGA components showed enrichment in reproductive organs, brain tissues and the skeletal muscle, which corresponds to their established roles in developmental programs, emerging roles in neurodegenerative diseases, and understudied functions in specific cell types. SAGA subunits modulate growth, development and response to various stresses from yeast to plants and metazoans. In metazoans, SAGA further participates in the regulation of differentiation and maturation of both innate and adaptive immune cells, and is associated with initiation and progression of diseases including a broad range of cancers. The evolutionary conservation of SAGA highlights its indispensable role in eukaryotic life, thus deciphering the mechanisms of action of SAGA is key to understanding fundamental biological processes throughout evolution. To illuminate the diversity and conservation of this essential complex, here we discuss variations in composition, essentiality and co-expression of component genes, and its prominent functions across Fungi, Plantae and Animalia kingdoms.

scholarly journals The Role of Male Reproductive Organs in the Transmission of African Swine Fever—Implications for Transmission

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Hanna Roszyk ◽  
Kati Franzke ◽  
Angele Breithaupt ◽  
Paul Deutschmann ◽  
Jutta Pikalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Viral Mrnas ◽  
Boar Semen ◽  
Male Reproductive Organs

African swine fever (ASF) has evolved from an exotic animal disease to a threat to global pig production. An important avenue for the wide-spread transmission of animal diseases is their dissemination through boar semen used for artificial insemination. In this context, we investigated the role of male reproductive organs in the transmission of ASF. Mature domestic boars and adolescent wild boars, inoculated with different ASF virus strains, were investigated by means of virological and pathological methods. Additionally, electron microscopy was employed to investigate in vitro inoculated sperm. The viral genome, antigens and the infectious virus could be found in all gonadal tissues and accessory sex glands. The viral antigen and viral mRNAs were mainly found in mononuclear cells of the respective tissues. However, some other cell types, including Leydig, endothelial and stromal cells, were also found positive. Using RNAScope, p72 mRNA could be found in scattered halo cells of the epididymal duct epithelium, which could point to the disruption of the barrier. No direct infection of spermatozoa was observed by immunohistochemistry, or electron microscopy. Taken together, our results strengthen the assumption that ASFV can be transmitted via boar semen. Future studies are needed to explore the excretion dynamics and transmission efficiency.

scholarly journals Influence of some etiological factors on development of gynecological patholo-gy and infertility of cats

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (94) ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
O. L. Dmytryshyn ◽  
V. Yu. Stefanyk
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Congenital Defects ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Professional Literature ◽  
Ultrasound Diagnostics ◽  
Congenital Aplasia ◽  
Vaginal Cytology ◽  
Definition Of

The article provides an overview of professional literature on reproductive studies of cats, the definition of the main factors influencing the development of infertility in cats: hormonal changes, lack of sufficient stimulus during pairing, leading to ovulation, inability to fuse, ovarian cyst, chronic inflammatory processes in reproductive organs systems, infections, some parasites or the simplest, hereditary problems, including chromosomal abnormalities (genetic or congenital defects such as pseudoharmophioditis, true hermaphroditism, mosaicism, infantilism, freemantry) described congenital aplasia of the ovaries, trauma affecting the reproductive organs. The conditions of detention that considerably affect the reproductive system are considered. It has been established that insufficient stimulation is one of the most common causes of infertility, which is relevant for cats because they are characterized by induced ovulation. Most animals with an abnormal set of sex chromosomes are infertile, treatment methods have not been developed. Inadequate feeding is perhaps the most important cause of infertility in cats. The connection between lack and (or) excess in the diet of Calcium, Phosphorus, Iodine, Cobalt, Cuprum, Manganese, other macro-and micro elements, and inability to reproduce is established. The role of microorganisms in the emergence of infertility of cats of infectious diseases (leukemia, infectious peritonitis, panleukopenia, chlamydia, toxoplasmosis) is considered. Extension of the intraperitoneal period arises from the stage of the anestrus. Such clinical picture is observed in cats older than 8 years with hypothyroidism and hyperadrenocorticism, obesity and cachexia, the appointment of drugs with antinuclear activity. Among gynecological diseases in cats, the most common diseases are pyometra, endometritis and vaginitis. It has been established that the most frequently diagnosed diseases of the uterus of female dogs and cats are cystular hyperplasia of the endometrium in combination with the pythometer, data on the etiopathogenesis of these diseases is given. The scientific data on the application of ultrasound diagnostics, hormonal level studies, vaginal cytology, the use of hysterosalpingography, x-ray for more accurate diagnostics of causes of infertility of cats are given.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical Localization of Taurine in the Male Reproductive Organs of the Rat

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria V.T. Lobo ◽  
F. Javier M. Alonso ◽  
Rafael Martín del Río
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Immunohistochemical Localization ◽  
Rete Testis ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Ductus Deferens ◽  
Functional Roles

The amino acid taurine has been implicated in several aspects of reproductive system physiology. However, its localization in these organs has not been previously analyzed. The aim of this study was to characterize its distribution in male rat reproductive organs by immunohistochemical methods. Taurine was localized in the smooth muscle cells of the tissues studied and in the skeletal fibers of the cremaster muscle. In the testis, taurine was found in Leydig cells, vascular endothelial cells, and other interstitial cells. No immunoreactivity was observed in the cells of the seminiferous tubules, either in germ cells at all spermatogenic stages or in Sertoli cells. However, peritubular myoid cells were immunostained. Most epithelial cells of the efferent ducts were immunolabeled, whereas the epithelial cells of the rete testis (extratesticular segments), epididymis (caput, corpus, and cauda regions), and ductus deferens were unstained. However, most epithelial cells from the intratesticular segments of the rete were immunopositive. Some cells identified as intraepithelial macrophages and lymphocytes, apical cells, and narrow cells were intensely immunolabeled. Regional differences in the distribution of these cell types along the ducts studied were also noted. The possible functional roles for taurine in these cells are discussed.

scholarly journals The Male Reproductive Organs in African Swine Fever–Implications for Transmission

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Roszyk ◽  
Kati Franzke ◽  
Angele Breithaupt ◽  
Paul Deutschmann ◽  
Jutta Pikalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Viral Mrnas ◽  
Boar Semen ◽  
Male Reproductive Organs

African swine fever (ASF) has evolved from an exotic animal disease to a threat to global pig production. An important avenue for wide-spread transmission of animal diseases is the dissemination of viruses through boar semen used for artificial insemination (AI). In this context, we investigated the role of male reproductive organs in ASF. Mature domestic boars and adolescent wild boar inoculated with different ASF virus strains were investigated by means of virological and pathological methods. Additionally, electron microscopy was employed to investigate in vitro inoculated sperm. Viral genome, antigen and infectious virus could be found in all gonadal tissues and accessory sex glands. The viral antigen and viral mRNAs were mainly found in mononuclear cells of the respective tissues. However, some other cell types, including Leydig, endothelial and stromal cells were also found positive. Using RNAScope, p72 mRNA could be found in scattered halo cells of the epididymal duct epithelium which could point to disruption of the barrier. No direct infection of spermatozoa was observed by immunohistochemistry or electron microscopy. Taken together, our results strengthen the assumption that ASFV can be transmitted via boar semen. Future studies are needed to explore excretion dynamics and transmission efficiency.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document