scholarly journals Genetic factors in the pathogenesis of iodine deficiency goiter

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
V. V. Fadeev ◽  
N. A. Abramova

Iodine deficiency diseases (IDD) are the most common non-infectious human pathology. In general, 1.5 billion people live on the Earth in regions of iodine deficiency in the environment, 600 million of them have an increase in the thyroid gland, and 40 million have severe mental retardation as a result of iodine deficiency

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Kasatkina

The main consequence of iodine deficiency in the environment is the development of goiter in people living in iodine-deficient regions (endemic goiter). In this regard, for a long time it was considered that goiter is the only manifestation of this condition. It has now been proven that, in addition to goiter, iodine deficiency also has other adverse effects on human health. In 1983, the term "endemic goiter" was replaced by the term  "iodine deficiency diseases" (IDD). These diseases are caused by a decrease in the functional activity of the thyroid gland in response to iodine deficiency.


Vestnik ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 179-183
Author(s):  
Г.С. Нургазина ◽  
Г.А. Тусупбекова ◽  
А.Ж. Молдакарызова ◽  
А.М. Рахметова ◽  
Б.Б. Аманбай ◽  
...  

По уровню и масштабу медико-социальных последствий проблема йододефицитных заболеваний остается очень актуальной во многих странах мира. По данным ВОЗ, около 2 млрд жителей Земли живут в условиях дефицита йода. Значение йода определяется тем, что он является структурным компонентом тиреоидных гормонов, регулирующих жизненно важные функции организма. При недостаточности функции щитовидной железы формируется полный спектр патологических состояний, называемых "йододефицитными заболеваниями". Дефицит йода увеличивает частоту врожденного гипотиреоза, вызывая необратимые нарушения работы головного мозга у плода и новорожденного, что приводит к умственной отсталости (кретинизму, олигофрении). Наиболее распространенными являются эндемический зоб, гипотиреоз, нарушения физического развития, интеллектуальные нарушения. Последнее особенно важно, так как, помимо очевидных форм умственной отсталости, приводит к снижению интеллектуального уровня всего населения, проживающего в зоне йододефицита. В связи с этим йододефицит становится актуальной медико-социальной проблемой, решение которой крайне важно. Для Казахстана решение этой проблемы стоит очень остро, так как более 80% его территории определяет дефицит этих микроэлементов в воде, почве и местной пище. Все это способствовало росту распространенности и тяжести патологии щитовидной железы в популяции. В статье представлены исследования по оценке специфической физиологической активности при гипотериозе тиреоидной системы щитовидной железы при изучении эффективности биологически активных добавок, содержащих йод. In terms of the level and scale of medical and social consequences, the problem of iodine deficiency diseases remains very relevant in many countries of the world. According to the WHO, about 2 billion people on Earth live in conditions of iodine deficiency. The importance of iodine determined by the fact that it a structural component of thyroid hormones that regulate the vital functions of the body. With insufficient thyroid function, a full range of pathological conditions, called "iodine deficiency diseases", formed. Iodine deficiency increases the frequency of congenital hypothyroidism, causing irreversible brain disorders in the fetus and newborn, which leads to mental retardation (cretinism, oligophrenia). The most common are endemic goiter, hypothyroidism, physical development disorders, and intellectual disabilities. The latter is especially important, since, in addition to the obvious forms of mental retardation, it leads to a decrease in the intellectual level of the entire population living in the zone of iodine deficiency. In this regard, iodine deficiency becomes an urgent medical and social problem, the solution of which is extremely important. For Kazakhstan, the solution to this problem is very acute, since more than 80% of its territory determined by the lack of these trace elements in water, soil and local food. All this contributed to an increase in the prevalence and severity of thyroid pathology in the population. The article presents studies on the assessment of specific physiological activity in hypothyroidism of the thyroid system in the study of the effectiveness of dietary supplements containing iodine.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Olesya Horlenko ◽  
Lubov Pushkash ◽  
Oleg Devinyak ◽  
Ivan Pushkash

The problem of iodine deficiency diseases (IDD) is recognized as relevant due to the significant prevalence of iodine deficiency among the population of many countries of the world, an increase in the incidence of diseases with a wide range of clinical manifestations and a marked tendency to increase the frequency and severity of IDD among children of all age groups We carried out a clinical-anamnestic examination of the child's contingent (187 persons) aged 13–17 years living in an ecologically dependent biogeochemical endemic zone of iodine deficiency, the mountain region of the Zakarpattya region during the period from 2014 to 2015. To identify the pathology of the thyroid gland, a palpatory method of examination was used according to the methodology of the WHO / MRKIDZ, 2001. According to our data 80 pupils (42.8 %) had increased thyroid gland of 1 degree, they were allocated for further and detailed examination and identification of environmentally caused somatic effects. Preventive measures included taking the dietary supplement Yosen, the manufacturer of TOV “OmniFarm”, TU U 10.8-35758392-004: 2014 for 6 months. A statistical model for forecasting the dynamics of TSH with supplements with iodine and selenium has been developed. According to our data, the degree of positive changes (decrease of TSH, increase of T4) with supplements with iodine and selenium depends on the starting content of the microelement of iodine in plasma and / or urine: the lower is the initial level of iodine - the more pronounced is the effect of supplements.


2007 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-241
Author(s):  
Anna Lauda-Świeciak ◽  
Olga Haus ◽  
Danuta Kurylak ◽  
Ewa Duszeńko ◽  
Krystyna Soszyńska

1981 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
Mary A. Telfer ◽  
Henry R. Cornell

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Edward J. O'Connell ◽  
Robert H. Feldt ◽  
Gunnar B. Stickler

The purpose of this study was to re-affirm our clinical impression that non-institutionalized children whose head circumference was below minus 2 standard deviations were mentally subnormal and frequently had growth failure. A group of 134 children with a head circumference below minus 2 standard deviations from the mean were studied, and all but one were mentally subnormal. The most severe mental retardation was noted in the group of children with a head circumference of minus 4 standard deviations or below. We found, as have others, that children with mental retardation have height and weights below the expected norm and that children with a head circumference below minus 2 standard deviations have even lower mean heights and weights. The head circumference of 31 children with growth failure and normal intelligence was normal for age and sex, therefore disproving the concept that the abnormally small child has a proportionally small head. In the child with growth failure, should the head be proportionally small (below minus 2 standard deviations), mental subnormality should be suspected. We feel that the head circumference measurement has taken on new clinical significance in that our data support its use in suspecting the association of mental subnormality in children with growth failure and a head circumference of below minus 2 standard deviations from the mean for age and sex.


1980 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
John M. Opitz

1. Approximately 3% of the population (6 to 7 million persons in the United States) is mentally retarded. Of these, severe mental retardation (IQ <50) occurs in about 10% (3 or 4 per 1,000 persons) and mild mental retardation (IQ 50 to 70) in 90%. 2. The high familial occurrence, the continuously variable phenotype shading into normality, and various genetic studies suggest that most of mild mental retardation represents the left end of the normal IQ distribution curve. Virtually no such cases can be found in the group of the severely retarded, either within or outside the institutions, suggesting that the majority of severe mental retardation represents discontinuous phenotypes due to chromosomal, environmental, mendelian, and multifactorial causes. 3. Some mild mental retardation represents syndromal occurrence (ie, mild PKU, rubella syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome); however, in most cases no anomalies are found, chromosomes are normal, height and head circumference fall within normal limits, and few have neurologic deficits, such as cerebral palsy and/or seizures. In the mildly retarded, personal, emotional and psychosocial problems predominate. The severely retarded are a biologically different group with a high incidence of gross neurologic disturbances, growth failure, abnormal head circumference, single or multiple malformations, and metabolic diseases. 4. The severely retarded are generally infertile, the mild retarded less fertile than average; however, a small minority among the latter contributes a disproportionately large number of retarded offspring to the next generation. 5. Most mental retardation can be evaluated on an outpatient basis for causal, pathogenetic, and prognostic factors. The evaluation can be economic, quick, reliable, painless, and efficient in most instances; however, CNS degenerative diseases may require a brief inpatient stay for biochemical evaluation. By all odds the most informative items in the work-up of the retarded are the (family and past) history and the (physical and neurologic) examination. Metabolic screening is usually not indicated in the malformed, neither are cytogenetic studies in the nonmalformed. 6. All patients with mental retardation deserve a diagnostic/causal evaluation and their families prognostic/genetic counseling. 7. Some 70% of mental retardation in the general population can be attributed to genetic causes. Genetic counseling in severe mental retardation is to prevent recurrence in siblings; in the mildly retarded much greater emphasis is placed on the prevention of retarded offspring.


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