scholarly journals Zinc - rooting cofactor in rubber tree mini-cuttings

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joelmir Vital da Silva ◽  
Wilson Itamar Maruyama ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Fabio Steiner ◽  
Alan Mário Zuffo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Meristem ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Leaf Abscission ◽  
Economic Interest ◽  
Rubber Industry ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
The World

The rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Müell. Arg.) is a species of significant economic interest in the natural rubber industry in Brazil and the world. This species presents recalcitrance to rooting, and its cuttings are difficult to propagate. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the pre-conditioning of rubber tree mini-cuttings with zinc on the improvement of the adventitious rooting of rootstocks. Mini-cuttings were standardized with 45 mm length and submitted to preconditioning by immersion of the mini-cutting base in solutions containing 0.00; 0.04; 0.08; 0.16; 0.32 and 0.64 mg L-1 of Zn, for 24 hours. The experimental design was randomized blocks with six treatments and four replicates of 10 mini-cuttings. The rubber tree mini-cuttings were placed in a fitotron-type growth chamber, at 25 °C, with 12-hour photoperiod, 5,000 K intensity, and 95% of relative air humidity, for 60 days. The survival rate, number of buds, percentage of mini-cuttings that had leaf abscission, the percentage of mini-cuttings with callogenesis in the root meristem, the percentage of rooted mini-cuttings, the number of primary roots and root length were evaluated. The highest values of survival rate, the number of buds, the number of primary roots, the percentage of mini-cuttings with callogenesis in the root meristem, the percentage of rooted mini-cuttings and root length were observed with 0.16 to 0.26 Mg L-1 of Zn. The use of zinc in the mini-cuttings of rubber tree reduces linearly the percentage of mini-cuttings that had leaf abscission and the formation of callogenesis in the root meristem.   The rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Müell. Arg.) is a species of a large economic interest in the natural rubber industry in Brazil and the world. This species presents recalcitrance to rooting, and its cuttings are difficult to propagate. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the pre-conditioning of rubber tree mini-cuttings with zinc on the improvement of the adventitious rooting of rootstocks. Mini-cuttings were standardized with 45 mm length and submitted to preconditioning by immersion of the mini-cutting base in solutions containing 0; 0.04; 0.08; 0.16; 0.32 and 0.64 mg L-1 of Zn, for 24 hours. The experimental design was randomized blocks with six treatments and four replicates of 10 mini-cuttings. The rubber tree mini-cuttings were placed in a fitotron-type growth chamber at 25 °C, with 24-hour photoperiod, 5,000 K intensity and 95% relative humidity for 60 days. The survival rate, number of buds, percentage of mini-cuttings that had leaf abscission, the percentage of mini-cuttings with callus, the percentage of rooted mini-cuttings, the number of primary roots and root length were evaluated. The highest values of survival rate, the number of buds, the number of primary roots, the percentage of mini-cuttings with callus, the percentage of rooted mini-cuttings and root length were verified with 0.16 to 0.26 Mg L-1 of Zn. The use of zinc in the mini-cuttings of rubber tree reduces linearly the percentage of mini-cuttings that had leaf abscission and the formation of root calluses.

scholarly journals Stumping Height, Crown Position, and Age of Parent Tree Influence Rooting of Stem Cuttings of Fraser Fir

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 771-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Rosier ◽  
John Frampton ◽  
Barry Goldfarb ◽  
Farrell C. Wise ◽  
Frank A. Blazich
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Primary Roots

Two experiments were conducted to develop a protocol for rooting stem cuttings from 3-, 5-, and 7-year-old fraser fir [Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.] Christmas trees. The first experiment tested the effect of stumping treatments and tree age on shoot production and subsequent adventitious rooting. One auxin concentration [4 mm indole-3-butyric acid (IBA)] and a nonauxin control were tested. Stock plants were stumped to the first whorl (trees in the field 3 and 5 years) or the first, third, and fifth whorls (trees in the field 7 years). Intact (nonstumped) controls were also included for each age. The second experiment was designed to create a quantitative description of the effects that crown (foliage and above ground branches of a tree) position have on the rooting of stem cuttings collected from stumped and nonstumped trees. The exact position was determined by measuring the distance from the stem, height from the ground, and the degrees from north. Crown positions were recorded as cuttings were collected and then cuttings were tested for rooting response. The rooting traits assessed in both experiments included rooting percentage, percent mortality, number of primary roots, total root length, root symmetry, and root angle. In the first experiment, rooting percentage, primary root production, and total root length increased as the age of the stock plant decreased and the severity of the stumping treatment increased. Auxin treatment significantly increased rooting percentage, root production, root lengths, and root symmetry while decreasing mortality. Overall, the highest rooting percentages (51%) and the greatest number of primary roots (8.1) occurred when 3-year-old stock plants were stumped to the first whorl and treated the cuttings with 4 mm IBA. The greatest total root lengths (335 mm) occurred in cuttings from the 3-year-old stock plants. In the second experiment, rooting percentage was significantly affected by the position from which the cuttings were collected. Cuttings collected lower in the crown and closer to the main stem rooted more frequently than cuttings collected from the outer and upper crown.

scholarly journals Liver Transplantation and Quality of Life

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 693-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Rodés ◽  
M Navasa
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Late Complications ◽  
Liver Transplants ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
Liver Transplantations ◽  
Validated Instrument

To date, more than 50,000 liver transplantations have been performed around the world; the survival rate five years after transplantation ranges from 60% to 65%. One of the fundamental objectives for liver transplantation teams is to achieve the best possible quality of life (QOL) for the patients. A concise analysis of the methodology used (15 questionnaires) to measure QOL of patients with liver transplants is described. The authors suggest that now is the time to establish a database so that a validated instrument will be available to compare QOL results from all the liver transplantation programs. Liver transplantation is believed to improve QOL, although there are several problems with some of the papers published on this subject. Some studies are retrospective, whereas in others, patients in bad physical conditions are excluded from the study; in quite a few prospective studies, deaths are not included in the data analysis. Finally, the authors provide a brief, concise analysis of late complications and of recurrence of the disease after liver transplantation, which influence QOL.

scholarly journals AVOCADO SEEDLINGS MULTIPLE STEMS PRODUCTION

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCUS VINICIUS SANDOVAL PAIXÃO ◽  
JOSÉ CARLOS LOPES ◽  
EDILSON ROMAIS SCHMILDT ◽  
RODRIGO SOBREIRA ALEXANDRE ◽  
CAROLINE MERLO MENEGHELLI
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Multiple Stems

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the potential of multi-stems in avocado seeds according to their mass as well as the adventitious rooting of multi-stem budding with or without the use of auxin. The research was carried out at the Vegetation House of Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, Campus Santa Teresa -ES, with seeds of different masses: <60 g, 61 to 80 g, 81 to 100 g and >100 g, in which each experimental unit was made of five seeds, distributed within five repetitions, under a completely randomized design. The seeds were put to germinate and the percentage number of emergence and multiple stems were evaluated. After 150 days, the following evaluations were carried out: survival of rooted cuttings; number of leaves; stem diameter; root length; root volume; root and shoot fresh mass; root and shoot dry mass; shoot height; absolute growth and shoot growth rate; shoot dry weight/root dry mass ratio; shoot height/stem diameter ratio; shoot height/root length and Dickson's quality index ratio. Avocado seeds with mass over 100 g and between 81-100 g presented higher percentage of multiple stems. Rods over 20 cm that were not treated with IBA (indole-3-butyric acid) resulted on avocado plants of better quality. The use of IBA (2000 mg L-1) does not affect the rooting and growth of avocado's multi-stem plants.

scholarly journals The Monetary Crisis and Foundation for Reserve Bank of India (1890-1935)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Balaji
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Economic Interest ◽  
Stabilization Policy ◽  
British India ◽  
World War ◽  
Reserve Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Reserve Bank Of India

The monetary policy of British India was highly controversial during the interwar period as it aimed to protect the budgetary obligations and private commerce. The currency stabilization policy was seen as a tool to protect the British economic interest while they ruled India. The currency came under serious pressure during the World War I and Great depression, the facets of Indian currency’s dependence was exposed through the modified council bill system and Gold exchange standard. The much-needed currency reforms and banking system were conceded by the colonial administration after much wrangling for half a century.

Analysis of the survival rate of world hop varieties (Humulus lupulus L.) in the collection of the Chuvash Research Institute of Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu.S. Osipova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Humulus Lupulus ◽  
Humulus Lupulus L ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Programs ◽  
Research Institute

The article presents the results of research of hop varieties collected from various hop-producing countries of the world in order to preserve the genetic resources of this crop. The history of the development of the bioresource genetic collection of common hops (Humulus lupulus L.) is described. In Chuvashia in 1980, work began on the collection and creation of a collection of hops. In many countries of the world, national programs are being developed for the conservation and use of plant genetic resources, including hops.

scholarly journals Andrographis paniculata(Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees: A Review of Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Sanower Hossain ◽  
Zannat Urbi ◽  
Abubakar Sule ◽  
K. M. Hafizur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Andrographis Paniculata ◽  
Sexual Dysfunctions ◽  
The World ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Labdane Diterpenoids ◽  
Time Of Harvest

As aboriginal sources of medications, medicinal plants are used from the ancient times.Andrographis paniculatais one of the highly used potential medicinal plants in the world. This plant is traditionally used for the treatment of common cold, diarrhoea, fever due to several infective cause, jaundice, as a health tonic for the liver and cardiovascular health, and as an antioxidant. It is also used to improve sexual dysfunctions and serve as a contraceptive. All parts of this plant are used to extract the active phytochemicals, but the compositions of phytoconstituents widely differ from one part to another and with place, season, and time of harvest. Our extensive data mining of the phytoconstituents revealed more than 55ent-labdane diterpenoids, 30 flavonoids, 8 quinic acids, 4 xanthones, and 5 rare noriridoids. In this review, we selected only those compounds that pharmacology has already reported. Finally we focused on around 46 compounds for further discussion. We also discussed ethnobotany of this plant briefly. Recommendations addressing extraction process, tissue culture, and adventitious rooting techniques and propagation under abiotic stress conditions for improvement of phytoconstituents are discussed concisely in this paper. Further study areas on pharmacology are also proposed where needed.

Effects of mycorrhizas on growth of pine seedlings

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Gantuya B ◽  
Burenjargal O
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Percentage Survival ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Collar

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) is an economically important source of timber in Mongolia and has been widely used in reforestation programs. In this study, we investigated the effects of mycorrhizas on the growth of pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedlings. Inoculation with ectomycorrhizas and endomycorrhizas increased the height, root length, and root collar diameter of the pine seedlings compared to the non-inoculated seedlings. Furthermore, the results of the study showed that the percentage survival rate is higher in mycorrhizal inoculated pine seedlings than control seedlings. These results demonstrated that inoculation could effectively form ectomycorrhizas with pine seedlings and promote its growth, which can be used to restore Mongolian forest. Нарсны тарьцын ургалтанд микоризын үзүүлэх нөлөө Эгэл нарс (Pinus sylvestris) нь Монгол орны хувьд эдийн засгийн чухал ач холбогдолтой мод бөгөөдойжуулалтанд өргөн ашигладаг. Бид энэхүү судалгаагаараа эгэл нарсны (Pinus sylvestris) тарьцныургалтанд микоризaхэрхэн нөлөөлж буйг судлав. Эктомикоризa (Pisolithus tinctorius, Lactarius laccata)болон эндомикоризийн (Glomus mosseae, Glomus spurcum хх) бэлдмэл ашиглан тарьсан тарьцын өндөр,үндэсний хүзүүвчийн диаметр болон үндэсний урт нь микоризын бэлдмэл ашиглаагүй тарьцуудтайхарьцуулахад илүү байв. Түүнчлэн микоризын бэлдмэл ашигласан тарьцуудын амьдралтын хувийнүзүүлэлт хяналтын тарьцуудаас өндөр байгааг уг судалгааны үр дүн харуулав. Дээрх үр дүнгээрмикоризын бэлдмэл нь нарсны суулгацын үндсэнд микориза болон хэлбэржиж, түүний өсөлтийгдэмжиж байгааг илрүүлсэн бөгөөд уг бэлдмэлийг ойг нөхөн сэргээхэд ашиглах боломжтой юм.Түлхүүр үг: Нарс, өндөр, үндэсний урт, диаметр

Effect of nematode infection and damage on the root system and plant growth of three Musa cultivars commonly grown in Uganda

Nematology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk De Waele ◽  
Paul Speijer ◽  
Clifford Gold ◽  
Rony Swennen ◽  
Herbert Talwana
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Banana Production ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Breeding Programmes

AbstractBanana production in East Africa is threatened by declining yields partly caused by plant-parasitic nematodes. Attempts to ameliorate this damage are hampered by a lack of information on the characteristics of the root systems of healthy and nematode infested roots of commonly grown banana cultivars. An experiment in hydroponic culture, where healthy root systems were established, demonstrated that there were differences in number, size and distribution of primary, secondary and tertiary roots among the cultivars Nabusa, Pisang Awak and Sukali Ndizi. Field experiments carried out at three sites in Uganda showed that nematode damage on the same cultivars increased the number of primary roots and root bases, either increased or decreased root length depending on the cultivar or nematode species involved, but always decreased root length density. Root number and size are probably critical factors in determining plant tolerance to nematodes. Our findings should help plant breeding programmes, which must establish those selection criteria that are most likely to reduce the debilitating effects of nematode damage.

scholarly journals Diagnóstico Precoce do Cancro Oral: Prevenção Secundária sob a Forma de Rastreio Oportunista ou Rastreio Organizado?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Filipa Pinto Silva
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Men 2 ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Fourth Decade ◽  
The World

Oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the world with around 300 000 new cases annually, with a five-year survival rate after diagnosis of 40%.2 In Portugal, there are about 1000 new cases per year and 500 deaths.2 Oral cancer appears more frequently in men (2: 1 ratio male / female) after the fourth decade, although it has been documented worldwide, an increased number of this cancer in younger adults and women. [...]

scholarly journals Propagation of Catnip by Terminal and Single-node Cuttings

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolston St. Hilaire
Keyword(s):  
Primary Root ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Nepeta Cataria ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Production Period

Abstract Adventitious rooting and subsequent development of rooted cuttings were evaluated for terminal, single-node, and tip cuttings of catnip (Nepeta cataria L.). During an eight-week production period, cuttings were treated with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at 0, 1, 3, and 8 g/kg (0, 1000, 3000, and 8,000 ppm), rooted for one to four weeks, and then grown in the greenhouse for four to seven weeks. At harvest, a first experiment showed that terminal cuttings propagated for four weeks accumulated less shoot dry weight (24 g) than cuttings propagated for two (36 g) or three (31 g) weeks. Terminal cuttings treated with 3 g/kg of IBA and propagated for four weeks had the highest root dry weight, which averaged 12.1 g. In the second experiment, length of the longest shoot and primary root and the number of roots and shoots were greater in single-node cuttings propagated for two or three weeks than those propagated for one week. A third experiment revealed that the development of primary roots in single-node and tip cuttings was similar during a 15-day rooting period.

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