scholarly journals Etyka w społeczeństwie skomputeryzowanym. Problem izolacji komunikacji współczesnej

Etyka ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 205-228
Author(s):  
Peter Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Ethical Criticism ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Working At Home ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Third ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Jean Paul ◽  
Do It Yourself

This paper deals with an important aspect of ethics in computer society: isolation in communication systems. In the first part the author analyses the notion of self-help intimated by the computer’s many possibilities for “do-it-yourself” and working at home. Some experiments (from Denmark and Japan) concerning “the electronic cottage” prove that modern electronic communication entails the risk of being isolated and perverted by the narcissistic love of privacy. The second part focuses on some moral philosophers (especially Jean-Paul Sartre in his posthumous ethics) in order to define an ethics of help in interpersonal relations. This ethics is opposed to the ethics of self-help and may constitute a foundation for an ethical criticism of computer society. In the third part the limits of the personalist ethics of help are recognized: this ethics stresses face-to-face relations, but today it is necessary to take new considerations into account regarding responsibility at long distance in the space and time of electronic society.

Communicating Information Postal and Telegraphic Systems

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Headrick
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The North ◽  
The People ◽  
Transmission Of Information ◽  
Saint Martin ◽  
National Convention ◽  
Public Instruction ◽  
E Mail

Paul revere, the american revolutionary, remembered his midnight ride of April 18, 1775, in these words: “I agreed with a Colonel Conant and some other gentlemen, that if the British went out by water, we should shew two lanthornes in the North Church steeple, and if by land, one, as a signal, for we were apprehensive it would be difficult to cross the Charles River, or git over Boston neck.” Eighteen years later, on July 12, 1793, Claude Chappe presented his semaphore telegraph to the Committee of Public Instruction of the French National Convention. At Saint-Fargeau, near Paris, Deputy Pierre Daunou sent a message to Deputy Joseph Lakanal at Saint-Martin-du-Tertre, thirty-five kilometers away: “Daunou has arrived here. He announces that the National Convention has just authorized its committee of general security to affix the seals to the papers of the representatives of the people.” Nine minutes later, Lakanal replied: “The inhabitants of this beautiful country are worthy of liberty because of their love for it and their respect for the National Convention and its laws.” Between these two dates there occurred a revolution in communication. Revere used a simple, prearranged, onetime signal containing only three potential messages: “by land,” “by sea,” or “no news.” Chappe could communicate any message, in either direction, faster than a galloping horse. This was only one of several great changes in communication that occurred in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries under the pressure of revolution and war. Humans are gifted, both naturally and culturally, at communicating face-to-face. Long-distance communications, however, require elaborate systems to convey information to its destination in a timely manner. Over­coming distances is but one of the functions of communication systems. We must also draw a distinction between the transmission of information from one person to another, for example, by speech, letter, telephone, telegram, or e-mail, and the dissemination of information from one point to many, by such means as newspapers, books, pamphlets, flyers, and posters, or by radio and television broadcasts and the World Wide Web.

Māori Research(er) in Three Poems

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Jacquie Kidd
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Bell Hooks ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ruth Behar ◽  
Seeking Help

These three poems re-present the findings from a research project that took place in 2013 (Kidd et al. 2018, Kidd et al. 2014). The research explored what health literacy meant for Māori patients and whānau when they accessed palliative care. Through face-to-face interviews and focus groups we engaged with 81 people including patients, whānau, bereaved loved ones, support workers and health professionals. The poems are composite, written to bring some of our themes to life. The first poem is titled Aue. This is a Māori lament that aligns to English words such as ‘oh no’, or ‘arrgh’, or ‘awww’. Each stanza of the poem re-presents some of the stories we heard throughout the research. The second poem is called Tikanga. This is a Māori concept that encompasses customs, traditions and protocols. There are tikanga rituals and processes that guide all aspects of life, death, and relationships. This poem was inspired by an elderly man who explained that he would avoid seeking help from a hospice because ‘they leave tikanga at the door at those places’. His choice was to bear his pain bravely, with pride, within his cultural identity. The third poem is called ‘People Like Me’. This is an autoethnographical reflection of what I experienced as a researcher which draws on the work of scholars such as bell hooks (1984), Laurel Richardson (1997) and Ruth Behar (1996). These and many other authors encourage researchers to use frustration and anger to inform our writing; to use our tears to fuel our need to publish our research.

Language as a phenomenon of the third kind

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-229
Author(s):  
Ewa Dąbrowska
Keyword(s):  
Language Change ◽  
Invisible Hand ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Communicative Interaction ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The Third ◽  
Dual Perspective ◽  
Micro Level

AbstractWhile many linguists view language as either a cognitive or a social phenomenon, it is clearly both: a language can live only in individual minds, but it is learned from examples of utterances produced by speakers engaged in communicative interaction. In other words, language is what (Keller 1994. On language change: The invisible hand in language. London: Taylor & Francis) calls a “phenomenon of the third kind”, emerging from the interaction of a micro-level and a macro-level. Such a dual perspective helps us understand some otherwise puzzling phenomena, including “non-psychological” generalizations, or situations where a pattern which is arguably present in a language is not explicitly represented in most speakers’ minds. This paper discusses two very different examples of such generalizations, genitive marking on masculine nouns in Polish and some restrictions on questions with long-distance dependencies in English. It is argued that such situations are possible because speakers may represent “the same” knowledge at different levels of abstraction: while a few may have extracted an abstract generalization, others approximate their behaviour by relying on memorised exemplars or lexically specific patterns. Thus, a cognitively realistic usage-based construction grammar needs to distinguish between patterns in the usage of a particular speech community (a social phenomenon) and patterns in speakers’ minds (a cognitive phenomenon).

scholarly journals Computer-aided self-help for phobia/panic via internet at home: A pilot study

2004 ◽  
Vol 184 (5) ◽  
pp. 448-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Kenwright ◽  
Isaac M. Marks ◽  
Lina Gega ◽  
David Mataix-Cols
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Open Study ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Therapist Support ◽  
At Home ◽  
Help System

SummaryIn an open study, ten people with phobia or panic disorder who could not travel repeatedly to a therapist accessed a computer-aided exposure self-help system (Fear Fighter) at home on the internet with brief therapist support by telephone. They improved significantly, and their outcome and satisfaction resembled those in patients with similar disorders who used Fear Fighter in clinics with brief face-to-face therapist support.

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