scholarly journals Malformaciones urológicas en niños, en el Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica del Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga. Enero 2014 – Diciembre 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Juan Sebastián Ordoñez Peña ◽  
Priscila Estefanía Orellana Proaño ◽  
Fernando Córdova Neira
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Pediatric Surgery ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Renal Dysplasia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urinary Tract Abnormalities ◽  
Genetic Abnormalities ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Surgery Department

BACKGROUND: Congenital urinary tract abnormalities are diverse, and can affect different structures of this system. The importance of early diagnosis is avoiding kidney damage in the children. The aim of this study was to identify the frequency of urinary tract abnormalities in pediatric patients, in Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga Pediatric Surgery Department, from January 2014 to December 2018. METHODS: Descriptive cross-sectional study. The universe were 230 pediatric patients with confirmed diagnosis of congenital urinary tract abnormalities, from Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga Pediatric Surgery Department, from January 2014 to December 2018. Incomplete medical charts were excluded (n=47 children). 183 children were part of the this study. . La malformación más frecuente fue la hidronefrosis transitoria 70%, seguida de reflujo Vesico-Ureteral (RVU) 16.39% (n=30), estenosis pieloureteral 5.46% (n=10), megauréter 6.55% (n=12) y displasia renal 1.63% (n=3). RESULTS: The frequency of urological abnormalities was 2.73% (n = 183), predominately infants with 56%, and 57% male. 26.78% presented with symptoms related to urinary tract infection. Ultrasound was performed in 95% of the children, urethrocistography in 55% and renal scintigraphy in 31%. Prenatal findings were found in 34.97%. The most frequent abnormality was transient hydronephrosis (70%), followed up by vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR) 16.39% (n = 30), pyeloureteral stenosis 5.46% (n = 10), megaureter 6.55% (n = 12) and renal dysplasia 1.63% (n = 3). CONCLUSION: Urological malformations are common between genetic abnormalities, most of them are asymptomatic; locally due to the low rate of prenatal diagnosis, they are diagnosed in between 24 months of age. Transient hydronephrosis is the most frequent abnormality. Urinary tract infections are commonly the starting line in this groups of patients; when malformations are suspected, ultrasound is always suitable.

scholarly journals Adherence to guideline recommendations for urinary tract infections in adult women: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rian Lelie- van der Zande ◽  
Marcel Bouvy ◽  
Martina Teichert
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Febrile Uti ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Aim: To study whether changes in drug preferences in the Dutch guideline for the treatment of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) for General Practitioners (GPs) in 2013, resulted in corresponding changes in antibiotic dispensing. Background: For the treatment of uncomplicated UTI, nitrofurantoin remained the first choice, while fosfomycin became the second choice and changed ranks with trimethoprim. For a subsequent febrile UTI, ciprofloxacin became the first choice and changed ranks with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, co-trimoxazole remained the third choice. Methods: In this observational cross-sectional study, routinely collected dispensing data from the Dutch Foundation of Pharmaceutical Statistics from 2012 to 2017 were used. The number of women 18 years and older, treated with one of the guideline antibiotics for uncomplicated UTI and subsequent febrile UTI were analysed annually. Proportions were calculated. Data were stratified for age categories. Failure of uncomplicated UTI treatment was defined as the dispensing of an antibiotic for febrile UTI within 14 days after the dispensing of an antibiotic for uncomplicated UTI. Findings: Data were available from 81% of all pharmacies in 2012 to 89% in 2017. Percentages of women dispensed nitrofurantoin were relatively stable with 87.4% in 2012 and 84.4% in 2017. Percentages of women dispensed fosfomycin increased from 5.4% in 2012 to 21.8% in 2017, whereas percentages of women dispensed trimethoprim decreased from 17.8% to 8.0%. Within age categories, the percentage of women dispensed fosfomycin increased from 12.4% in women 18–30 years old to 36.7% in women above 80 years old. Percentages of women dispensed antibiotics for febrile UTI remained stable at 5% annually. Percentages of women receiving ciprofloxacin increased from 1.9% in 2012 to 3.3% in 2017, while those receiving amoxicillin/clavulanic acid decreased from 2.9% to 1.8%. New guideline recommendations resulted in corresponding changes in dispensed antibiotics for uncomplicated UTI and subsequent febrile UTI. Drug choices differed for age categories.

scholarly journals Urinary tract infections and antibiotic susceptibility among the patients attending B & D hospital of Lalitpur, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yadav Prasad Joshi ◽  
Shreejeet Shrestha ◽  
Russell Kabir ◽  
Anita Thapa ◽  
Parbati Upreti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tract Infections

Background:Urinary tract infection is the most common bacterial infections in humans and serious health problem in many parts of the world. It has become more complicated in treatment due to different pathogens and increasing resistant to antimicrobial agents. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of urinary tract infection and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of pathogens among the patients attending in B & B hospital Nepal.Materials and Methods:A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted in between April 2010 to March 2011. Urine samples were collected from clinically suspected patients and tested bacteriologically using standard procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed for isolated pathogen using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.Results:Out of 1260 examined specimens 25.24 % were positive and majority 61.64% were females.  The most common pathogens isolated were Escherichia coli (66.67%), Enterococcus (7.55%) and Staphylococcus (6.60 %). The drug resistant among the positive cases were reported. The highest resistant of positive cases was found with Cefexime (87.88%) and Enterococcus with Ampicillin (66.67%) and Staphyllococcus with Cloxacillin (66.67%). The highest susceptibility was for Vancomycin and Ampicillin i.e. 33.33% in each.Conclusion:The findings showed that E. coli isolates were the predominant pathogen and the presence of bacterial isolates with very high resistance to the commonly prescribed drugs. As drug resistance among bacterial pathogens is an evolving process and serious issue. Therefore, routine surveillance and monitoring studies should be conducted to provide physicians knowledge on the updated and most effective empirical treatment of UTIs. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(5) 2016 47-51

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Bacterial Pathogens associated with Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) among Patients attending Kam Medical Consult Clinic, Uganda.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Gerald Turyatunga
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: A urinary tract infection (UTIs) is a common type of infection caused by bacteria that travel up the urethra to the bladder. Globally, it is reported that 150 million people are diagnosed with a UTI annually, costing the world economy over 6 million US dollars in treatment and work loss. Studies conducted in the in-patients pediatric ward of Muhimbili Hospital in Tanzania and Mulago National Referral Hospital in Uganda between five to ten years reported the prevalence of UTI to be 16.8% and 14.6% respectively. On average at Kam Medical Consult Clinic, patients who turn up in the laboratory are about 20%, and 50% of patients present with recurring UTIs clinically. Therefore,  there is a need to establish and investigate the prevalence of bacterial pathogens associated with UTI and multiple pathogens that are not known. Methodology: The cross-sectional study was carried out at Kam medical consult clinic (KMCC) located in Kafeero zone Mulago II Kawempe division. The study population was adults and children presenting with symptoms of urinary tract infection. 120 Midstream urine Samples were collected from patients presenting clinical signs of UTI. The diagnosis was done through macroscopy dry chemistry, microscopy, and culture. Results Among the sampled population, 33% of males had urinary tract infections while 67% of females had urinary tract infections.  88.5% were outpatients while 11.5 % were in-patients The overall prevalence of UTI among patients was 63.3% with children aged (1-10) having a prevalence of 5.8 %. Conclusion and recommendation: E.coli is an etiological agent causing UTIs in male and female patients presenting UTI at Kam Medical Consult Clinic. Other etiological agents included Klebsiella, Coliform, Enterococcus species, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas species, and candida species. There is a need to monitor the profile of etiological bacteria of UTI through culture and sensitivity regularly. 

scholarly journals Association between the frequency of disposable diaper changing and urinary tract infection in children

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Meirina Daulay ◽  
Rosmayanti Siregar ◽  
Oke Rina Ramayani ◽  
Supriatmo Supriatmo ◽  
Rafita Ramayati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Disposable Diaper ◽  
Disposable Diapers ◽  
Tract Infections

Background Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most commoncause of fever in children. Less frequent disposable diaper changingis thought to be a cause ofUTI in children. While wearing a diapei;the perinea! area becomes damp with urine allowing bacteria tomigrate from the anus to the external urethral orifice.Objective To assess for an association between the frequencyof disposable diaper changing and urinary tract infections inchildren.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in thechildren's outpatient clinic of Haji Adam Malik Hospital fromApril to June 2010. Urine culture was performed in children withsuspected UTI who wore disposable diapers every day. Subjects'ages ranged from 2 months to 2 years 6 months, with samplesmatched and collected by consecutive sampling. Diagnosis ofUTIwas based on urine cultures with bacterial count 2:: 105/mL. Eightychildren were followed in this study and divided into two groups:positive (n=40) and negative (n=40) urine cultures. Chi squaretest was use d to analyze the association between the frequency ofdaily disposable diapers changing during a one week period andthe urine culture results.Results The frequency of daily disposable diapers changing in80 subjects was as follows: < 4 times (22.5%), 4-5 times (40%),and 2::6 times (37.5%) . The frequency of daily disposable diaperchanging in children with positive urine culture was as fo llows:< 4 times (1 8 out of 40), 4-5 times (22 out of 40), and 2::6 times(O out of 40); (P < 0.0001). The most common bacterial speciesfound in urine cultures was Escherichia coli.Conclusion Lower frequency of daily disposable diaper changingis significantly associated with higher UTI incidence in children.

scholarly journals Characteristics of prescriptions and costs for acute upper respiratory tract infections in Chinese outpatient pediatric patients: a nationwide cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Wang ◽  
Lihua Liu ◽  
Jianchao Liu ◽  
Likun Miao ◽  
Qian Zhuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outpatient Care ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Clinical Records

Abstract Background To understand the characteristics of prescriptions and costs in pediatric patients with acute upper respiratory infections (AURI) is important for the regulation of outpatient care and reimbursement policy. This study aims to provide evidence on these issues that was in short supply. Methods We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study based on data from National Engineering Laboratory of Application Technology in Medical Big Data. All outpatient pediatric patients aged 0–14 years with an uncomplicated AURI from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2017 in 138 hospitals across the country were included. We reported characteristics of patients, the average number of medications prescribed per encounter, the categories of medication used and their percentages, the cost per visit and prescription costs of drugs. For these measurements, discrepancies among diverse groups of age, regions, insurance types, and AURI categories were compared. Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test and Student-Newman-Keuls test were performed to identify differences among subgroups. A multinomial logistic regression was conducted to examine the independent effects of those factors on the prescribing behavior. Results A total of 1,002,687 clinical records with 2,682,118 prescriptions were collected and analyzed. The average number of drugs prescribed per encounter was 2.8. The most frequently prescribed medication was Chinese traditional patent medicines (CTPM) (36.5% of overall prescriptions) followed by antibiotics (18.1%). It showed a preference of CPTM over conventional medicines. The median cost per visit was 17.91 USD. The median drug cost per visit was 13.84 USD. The expenditures of antibiotics and CTPM per visit (6.05 USD and 5.87 USD) were among the three highest categories of drugs. The percentage of out-of-pocket patients reached 65.9%. Disparities were showed among subgroups of different ages, regions, and insurance types. Conclusions The high volume of CPTM usage is the typical feature in outpatient care of AURI pediatric patients in China. The rational and cost-effective use of CPTM and antibiotics still faces challenges. The reimbursement for child AURI cases needs to be enhanced.

Local characteristics associated with higher prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in community-acquired urinary tract infections: an observational, cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Larramendy ◽  
Aurélie Gaultier ◽  
Jean-Pascal Fournier ◽  
Jocelyne Caillon ◽  
Leïla Moret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Animal Farming ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Objectives The prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-E. coli) in community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTI) has been increasing worldwide since 2000, but with large geographical variations. The aim of this study was to determine whether the ESBL-E. coli rate in urine samples from individuals with community-acquired UTI was associated with the local socio-economic, environmental, agricultural and healthcare characteristics. Methods This was a cross-sectional study in western France using data on antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli isolated from urine samples of individuals with community-acquired UTI analysed in non-hospital laboratories from 2015 to 2017. The ESBL-E. coli rate was calculated for each laboratory. Data on socio-economic characteristics, human antibiotic consumption, hospital bed density, animal farming density and percentage of agricultural land and surface water were retrieved at the municipality level and aggregated by study area. Their association with ESBL-E. coli prevalence was quantified using multivariate linear regression models with a backward selection. Results From 358 291 E. coli isolates from urine samples tested in 92 laboratories, the mean ESBL-E. coli prevalence for the study period was 3.30%. In an adjusted model, the ESBL-E. coli rate was significantly (P &lt; 0.05) and positively associated with the local percentage of people &gt;65 years old, third-generation cephalosporin use (DDD/1000 inhabitants), number of hospital beds/km2, poultry density, pig density and percentage of agricultural land. Lower deprivation was associated with a higher ESBL-E. coli rate. Conclusions Several anthropogenic factors (primary care, hospitals and animal farming) are associated with the local ESBL-E. coli rate in community-acquired UTI. These results could contribute to improve risk management, including identification of at-risk patient groups.

scholarly journals Immunosenescence in persons with spinal cord injury in relation to urinary tract infections -a cross-sectional study-

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pavlicek ◽  
Jörg Krebs ◽  
Simona Capossela ◽  
Alessandro Bertolo ◽  
Britta Engelhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Tract Infections

scholarly journals Multidrug-resistant urinary tract isolates of escherichia coli: Frequency and patient demographics in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (02) ◽  
pp. 335-340
Author(s):  
Salman Azhar ◽  
Muhmmad Wasif Baig ◽  
Shahid Rasool ◽  
Rizwan Rasool Khan ◽  
Talha Munir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a major burden to the health care as it is estimated that around 150 million UTIs occur yearly worldwide. Enterobacteriaceae are the most common agent causing serious urinary tract infections; and MDR cases are increasing day by day. Objectives: To determine the frequency and patient demographics of multidrug resistant urinary tract isolates of Escherichia Coli in a Tertiary Care Hospital. Study Design: Retrospective cross sectional study. Setting: Medicine Department of Madinah Teaching Hospital / The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad. Period: From May 2016 to Sep 2018. Material & Methods: 187 patients of age 15 to 90 years with positive E. coli on urine culture and sensitivity were included in this Retrospective cross sectional study. All those patients with history of dysuria (pain during urination) or frequent urination (more than 7 times per day) were advised urine complete analysis and those with >5 WBCs or pus cells /HPF or having positive for leukocyte esterase and/or nitrite, were advised urine culture and sensitivity. Main outcome variable was the frequency of MDRE cases among the culture positive E. coli UTI patients. Results: Among all the cases of E. coli UTI, frequency of MDRE UTI was 66.8% (n=125) and rest 33.2% (n= 62) cases were not MDR UTI. 97.3% patients were resistant to lactam antibiotics, 95.7% were resistant to quinolones and 68.4% were resistant to aminoglycosides.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Urine Isolated Bacteria and Their Antimicrobial Resistance in Hospitalized Patients in Ahvaz Golestan Hospital in 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-139
Author(s):  
Ladan Fatahi ◽  
Mohammad Soleymani Zar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Background and Objectives: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections in the community and hospitalized patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections and their antibiotic resistance in hospitalized patients. Subjects and Methods In the this descriptive-cross-sectional study, the results of about 5,000 urine samples sent for culture from the hospitalized patients of Golestan Hospital in Ahvaz in 2019 were examined. Relevant information was extracted from patients’ medical records. Results Out of 5000 samples studied (39.7% female and 60.3% male), about 468 samples (9.36%) showed positive urine culture. Of the patients with UTI, 205 patients were women (43.8%). The risk of UTI increased with age. The most common bacteria caused urinary tract infections were E. coli with 51.5%, followed by Klebsiella with 29.3%. It was also observed that bacteria isolated from urine samples of people with UTI had antibiotic resistance, and for each bacteria special groups of antibiotics were more effective. Conclusion The prevalence of UTI in the studied patients was 9.36%. In females and with increasing age, the prevalence of UTI was higher. The most common bacteria that caused UTI were E. coli and then Klebsiella. Due to the fact that the resistance and sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotic used, it is recommended that the most common bacterial agents of UTI must be diagnosed and then the most appropriate antibiotic must be prescribed

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