People’s perception on parasitic plants : helping humans, harming plants?

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Santosh Kumar Rana ◽  
Hum Kala Rana
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Culturally Diverse ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Parasitic Plants ◽  
Agricultural Community ◽  
Diverse Environment ◽  
Ethnobotanical Uses ◽  
High Himalayas ◽  
Rural Appraisal ◽  
Insight Into

Parasitic plants have a rich ethnobotanical heritage in Nepal. They are harvested for use in medicine, traded as material and invoked during a variety of rituals by practitioners from the low plains to the high Himalayas. However in spite of their local importance, these plant species have received little attention from ethno-biologists due to their unique, often misunderstood, biology. This study seeks to expand the current ethnobotanical knowledge by not only documenting Nepal’s parasitic flora but by also providing insight into how these plants are used and perceived in Nepal’s biologically and culturally diverse environment. Ethnobotanical data for this research was collected using the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) methods among 52 respondents from different ethnic groups of Nepal (4 districts). A total of 20 plants species from five parasitic families were recorded and identified as ethnobotanical uses. They are 13 species of Mistletoe, 3 species of Dodder with 1 variety, 2 species in Balanophoraceae and 1 species in Orobanchaceae. The perceived knowledge of indigenous people led to the hypothesis Doctrine of Signature. With this information, Nepal’s burgeoning state can begin targeting and managing these plant species through agricultural, community forestry and conservation policy.

scholarly journals Phytophthora Diversity in Pennsylvania Nurseries and Greenhouses Inferred from Clinical Samples Collected over Four Decades

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1056
Author(s):  
Cody Molnar ◽  
Ekaterina Nikolaeva ◽  
Seonghwan Kim ◽  
Tracey Olson ◽  
Devin Bily ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Phytophthora Species ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Distinct Subgroup ◽  
Exotic Pathogens ◽  
Diverse Plant Species ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Diverse Plant

The increasing movement of exotic pathogens calls for systematic surveillance so that newly introduced pathogens can be recognized and dealt with early. A resource crucial for recognizing such pathogens is knowledge about the spatial and temporal diversity of endemic pathogens. Here, we report an effort to build this resource for Pennsylvania (PA) by characterizing the identity and distribution of Phytophthora species isolated from diverse plant species in PA nurseries and greenhouses. We identified 1137 Phytophthora isolates cultured from clinical samples of >150 plant species submitted to the PA Department of Agriculture for diagnosis from 1975 to 2019 using sequences of one or more loci and morphological characteristics. The three most commonly received plants were Abies, Rhododendron, and Pseudotsuga. Thirty-six Phytophthora species identified represent all clades, except 3 and 10, and included a distinct subgroup of a known species and a prospective new species. Prominent pathogenic species such as P. cactorum, P. cinnamomi, P. nicotianae, P. drechsleri, P. pini, P. plurivora, and P. sp. kelmania have been found consistently since 1975. One isolate cultured from Juniperus horizontalis roots did not correspond to any known species, and several other isolates also show considerable genetic variation from any authentic species or isolate. Some species were isolated from never-before-documented plants, suggesting that their host range is larger than previously thought. This survey only provides a coarse picture of historical patterns of Phytophthora encounters in PA nurseries and greenhouses because the isolation of Phytophthora was not designed for a systematic survey. However, its extensive temporal and plant coverage offers a unique insight into the association of Phytophthora with diverse plants in nurseries and greenhouses.

scholarly journals Stroke in India: Bio-socioeconomic determinants

2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 071-076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sweta Singla ◽  
Rajiv Singla
Keyword(s):  
Culturally Diverse ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Stroke Care ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Stroke Management ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Diverse Environment ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Catastrophic Disease

AbstractWorldwide, stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality. Further, it leads to significant morbidity in the form of residual deficits and disability-adjusted life years. India with its culturally diverse environment and economically developing status presents unique challenges in providing stroke care. Various myths, misconceptions, poor knowledge about stroke, and poor availability of health resources afflict the nation and present barriers in stroke management. A multipronged approach to bring various disciplines together with the help of newer technologies such as smartphones and its applications need to be evolved to fight this catastrophic disease.

Ecumenical upbringing – the implementation of the organisational forms and the methods of the activity of schools above the primary level, taking under consideration the diversity of faiths and confessions on the land of Pszczyna

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 129-145
Author(s):  
Natalia Ruman
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Culturally Diverse ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Cultural Pluralism ◽  
Lifestyle Behavior ◽  
Cultural Assumptions ◽  
Primary Level ◽  
Diverse Environment ◽  
Life Model ◽  
Integral Education

In the contemporary socio-cultural assumptions, there is a need for the program, which appeared to cultural pluralism and religious among students. This growing awareness of the existing different communities is one of the reasons that education assign a significant role in shaping the life model based on the interaction of individuals and communities, and entire societies - without destructive conflicts of national, ethnic, religious or cultural. The main foundations would be tolerance for attitudes and customs, respect for language, traditions, religions of all students, the mutual enrichment through exchange of values, instilling the principles of peaceful existence and cooperation in social and cultural opposition to any form of discrimination, and - apart from learning about their own history and culture - getting to know the values of other cultures. Functioning in a culturally diverse environment makes it assume a distinctive lifestyle, behavior and conduct, drawing from more than one source of culture, assimilating more or less consciously different values, directly experiencing other cultures and entering into direct interaction with its representatives. To do this, develop the concept of integral education and pedagogy open, inspired, among others, Christianity. Religious Education is to fill an important humanizing role. It gives a basis to build attitudes of intercultural dialogue and tolerance.

Collaborative B-learning as a tool to studying and preparing for inclusion in a culturally diverse environment

2021 ◽  
pp. 231-254
Author(s):  
Silvia Romero-Contreras ◽  
Ismael García-Cedillo ◽  
Gabriela Silva-Maceda
Keyword(s):  
Culturally Diverse ◽  
Diverse Environment

Occurrence and operation of the lutein epoxide cycle in Quercus species

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
José I. García-Plazaola ◽  
Antonio Hernández ◽  
Ekaitz Errasti ◽  
José M. Becerril
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Xanthophyll Cycle ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Parasitic Plants ◽  
Concomitant Increase ◽  
Woody Plant Species ◽  
Ecological Characteristics ◽  
Quercus Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Constraints ◽  
Shade Leaves

A new xanthophyll cycle involving de-epoxidation of lutein epoxide into lutein in the light and epoxidation back in the dark has been recently described in parasitic plants. In the present work, the presence of the non-ubiquitous lutein epoxide was detected in many different non-parasitic woody plant species. Phylogenetic constraints are critical for the presence of this xanthophyll, since the largest amounts are found within the Fagaceae family and mainly in the genus Quercus. Irrespective of their ecological characteristics, this xanthophyll was found in eight Quercus species. Under photoinhibitory conditions lutein epoxide decreased in parallel with violaxanthin, and a concomitant increase in lutein was observed, indicating operation of this cycle in the genus Quercus. However, recovery in darkness differed from that of the xanthophyll cycle. It is also shown that lutein epoxide content is higher in shade leaves, especially during summer. The operation of this cycle could also contribute to photoprotection mechanisms of evergreen Quercus species during winter.

Weeds, Crops, and Herbicides: A Modern-Day “Neckriddle”

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 788-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R. Radosevich ◽  
Claudio M. Ghersa
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Economic ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Science ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
Holistic Approaches ◽  
Agricultural Community ◽  
Traditional Research ◽  
Social Components ◽  
Insight Into

The agricultural community is currently involved in a debate with other members of society concerning many of the tools and tactics used to grow food. The discipline of weed science represents a microcosm of this larger societal debate, and thus is indicative of many other applied agricultural disciplines. Weed science comprises six fundamental disciplines, which have been arranged to depict its three major areas of research: weed technology, weed biology, and the ethics of weed control. Insight into those components of the debate that involve weed science is gained by examining each area. It seems unlikely that solutions to the “neckriddle” can be found through traditional research because of the integrative nature of agriculture, which involves environmental, economic, and social components. It is hoped that movement toward more holistic approaches to research will lead to resolution of the debate between society and the agricultural community.

Mirrors & Windows into Student Noticing

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 358-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Higinio Dominguez
Keyword(s):  
Culturally Diverse ◽  
Problem Posing ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Insight Into

Learn how to help culturally diverse and socioeconomically disempowered students use problem posing to reflect their knowledge and gain insight into new knowledge.

scholarly journals THE DETERMINANTS OF POSITIVE CREATIVE ADAPTATION OF YOUTH IN THE POLISH-CZECH BORDERLAND

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 506-520
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Bieńkowska
Keyword(s):  
Art Education ◽  
Ethnic Conflict ◽  
Culturally Diverse ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Diverse Environment ◽  
Project Participants ◽  
Diverse Groups

The purpose of this text is to showcase creativity in action, creativity that has been directed to fostering mutual understanding and cooperation in a culturally diverse environment – in a region that has seen ethnic conflict. The text is devoted to the analysis of the work of two interrelated organisations – the Borderland Foundation, Poland and the Center for Borderland Arts, Cultures and Nations, Poland – which for decades have been working innovatively on a complex history, together with the local community. This is a history that includes nationally and religiously diverse groups. Experiences with the local community have provided the inspiration for the Borderland Foundation and the Centre for Borderland Arts, Cultures and Nations for further creative work in art, education and history focussed on the phenomenon of borderland identity. The text is based on an analysis of both institutions’ websites, as well as interviews with their team members and project participants.

scholarly journals Host-parasite tissue adhesion by a secreted type of β-1,4-glucanase in the parasitic plant Phtheirospermum japonicum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken-ichi Kurotani ◽  
Takanori Wakatake ◽  
Yasunori Ichihashi ◽  
Koji Okayasu ◽  
Yu Sawai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Parasitic Plants ◽  
Parasitic Plant ◽  
Striga Hermonthica ◽  
Gene Clustering ◽  
Cell Wall Modification ◽  
Tissue Adhesion

AbstractTissue adhesion between plant species occurs both naturally and artificially. Parasitic plants establish symbiotic relationship with host plants by adhering tissues at roots or stems. Plant grafting, on the other hand, is a widely used technique in agriculture to adhere tissues of two stems. While compatibility of tissue adhesion in plant grafting is often limited within close relatives, parasitic plants exhibit much wider compatibilities. For example, the Orobanchaceae parasitic plant Striga hermonthica is able to infect Poaceae crop plants, causing a serious agricultural loss. Here we found that the model Orobanchaceae parasite plant Phtheirospermum japonicum can be grafted on to interfamily species, such as Arabidopsis, a Brassicaceae plant. To understand molecular basis of tissue adhesion between distant plant species, we conducted comparative transcriptome analyses on both infection and grafting by P. japonicum on Arabidopsis. Through gene clustering, we identified genes upregulated during these tissue adhesion processes, which include cell proliferation- and cell wall modification-related genes. By comparing with a transcriptome dataset of interfamily grafting between Nicotiana and Arabidopsis, we identified 9 genes commonly induced in tissue adhesion between distant species. Among them, we showed a gene encoding secreted type of β-1,4-glucanase plays an important role for plant parasitism. Our data provide insights into the molecular commonality between parasitism and grafting in plants.Significance StatementComprehensive sequential RNA-Seq datasets for parasitic infection of the root and grafting of the stem between P. japonicum and Arabidopsis revealed that molecular events of parasitism and grafting are substantially different and only share a part of events such as cell proliferation and cell wall modification. This study demonstrated that a secreted type of β-1,4-glucanase gene expressed in cells located at the parasite–host interface as an important factor for parasitism in the Orobanchaceae.

scholarly journals Inny i inność a obszar „nowej etyki”. Refleksje na pograniczu filozofii i edukacji międzykulturowe

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-107
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Smoter
Keyword(s):  
Culturally Diverse ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Intercultural Education ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Diverse Environment ◽  
Common Goals ◽  
To Come

The aim of the article is to show the possibilities of using the philosophical thought of P. Ricoeur, J. Tischner and E. Levinas in the theory and practice of intercultural education. The approaches existing on the basis of philosophy can be useful to show the issues significant in pedagogical work in a culturally diverse environment. This has implications for the area of ethics. It becomes important here, among others capturing a human being in a dialogical space with the Other, which creates constitutive meanings for the development of the identity of the “Me” and the Other and gives a chance to return to a deeply humanistic understanding of interpersonal relations. It requires an attempt to come closer and an authentic encounter that gives the opportunity to grasp the Other’s personal pain, his “inner twist”. These issues are manifested in the work of teachers who strengthen the sensitivity to differences between pupils, overcoming mutual negative attitudes that make it possible to discover otherness, counteract enslavement, which in turn allows for the implementation of common goals.

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