scholarly journals Evaluation of image quality according to the use of copper filter in indirect conversion type DR equipment

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.12) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Sinyoung Yu ◽  
Joonkoo Choi ◽  
Ghajung Kim ◽  
Joongseok GO ◽  
Kwanghyun Chang ◽  
...  

Background/Objectives: The image quality is evaluated by applying copper to the thickness of filtering filter in indirect conversion type DR equipment. To evaluate the appropriate filter criteria, that does not deteriorate the image quality is obtained for SNR and CNR for each thickness.Methods/Statistical analysis: Indirect conversion type DR device was used. Acrylic phantom of 12 * 14 size was placed under the same conditions of 85kV, 200mA, 16ms.Experiments were carried out without using a filter, and each of the five copper filters of different thicknesses was irradiated 20 times each. Using the Image j program, an average value and a standard deviation were obtained after designating the region of interest and background area identically. Based on these values, SNR and CNR were obtained and statistical analysis was done by one-way ANOVA. Statistic was used PASW Statistics 18. Release 18.0.0.Findings: In the non-filter, the SNR value is 26.61 ± 2.05, the CNR value is 0.61 ± 0.06, the SNR value is 30.08 ± 4, 63 and the CNR value is 0.76 ± 0.16 for Cu-filter 0.1mm. In the Cu-filter 0.2 mm, the SNR value is 30.54 ± 4.44, the CNR value is 0.78 ± 0.16, and the SNR value at Cu-filter 0.3mm is 36.91 ± 5.47 CNR value is 1.10 ± 0.22. In the Cu-filter 1.0 mm, the SNR value is 24.88 ± 2.57, the CNR value is 0.71 ± 0.89, the SNR value is 13.82 ± 1.27 and the CNR value is 0.31 ± 0.02 at the Cu-filter 2.0 mm. The highest SNR was 0.3 mm, the highest CNR was 0.3 mm, and the Cu filter 0.3 mm was the highest in both SNR and CNR. There was a significant difference as the result of one-way ANOVA was P = 0.000 and significance level (p <0.05) range.Improvements/Applications: The use of a filter absorbs much of the low-energy region, The effective energy is increased and the radiation dose is reduced.  

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 4906
Author(s):  
Summani Ekici ◽  
Tugay Kırcan

This research aims to examine social integration of the individuals according to some variables who participated in youth camps of Ministry of youth and sports. Universe of this study consists of the individuals who participated youth camps of Ministry of youth and sports while sample of study consists of 151 females and 251 males, total 402 participants who participated in Antalya Duacı and BoluAladağlar camps. Sports and Social Integrations Scale (SSIS) which had been developed by Yılmaz and friends (2006) composed of seven point likert type was used for  research group. In order to analyze the data SPSS 18 (Statistical Package for Social Science) package software was used, frequency and percent age analysis to determine the socio demographic characteristics of the students, one-way ANOVA to determine the differences between the sexes and in view of the benefits of participating in outdoor activities to determine whether they present differences in gender  t-test wasused. Tukey HSD multiple comparison test was applied with the purpose of determining which groups lead to statistical difference that comes out after one-way variance analysis (ANOVA). T-Test was applied in order to determine whether the sex of the participants creates difference in their opinions about the benefits of outdoor sports. The significance level of p<0,05 was taken into account in statistical analysis and interpretations of data. According to statistical analysis result, it was determined that 62.4% male and 37.6% female subjects. According to gender, found significant difference between the levels of social integration (p<0,05). Significant differences were observed in “emotional development subscale” among the male and female participants. The views of participants on the socialization aspects, compared to age [F(4-397)= 3,440; p< ,05]; the view of moral development dimension compared to age [F(4-397)= 2,569; p< ,05] and the view of regarding physical benefits when compared to ages have significant differences. According to this result, extreme sports affect young people’s personnel development and the quality of life in a positive way. ÖzetBu araştırma, Gençlik ve Spor Bakanlığı Gençlik Kamplarına Katılan Bireylerin Sosyal Uyumlarının Bazı Değişkenlere Göre Araştırılması” amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın evereni; Gençlik ve Spor Bakanlığı Gençlik Kamplarına Katılan Bireyler oluştururken örneklemi; Antalya Duacı ve Bolu Aladağlar kamplarına katılan 151 kadın, 251 erkek toplam 402 bireyler oluşturmaktadır.   Araştırma grubuna Yılmaz ve ark. (2006) tarafından geliştirilen, yedi alt boyutlu ve Likert tipindeki “Sporda Sosyal Bütünleşme Ölçeği” (SSBÖ)  anketi uygulanmıştır.   Elde edilen verilerin değerlendirilmesinde SPSS 18 istatistik programı kullanılmış olup, öğrencilerin sosyo-demografik özelliklerini belirlemek için frekans ve yüzde analizi, cinsiyetler arasında Farklılığı tespit etmek için tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA)  ve katılımcıların doğa sporlarının faydalarına ilişkin görüşlerinde cinsiyetlerinin farklılık oluşturup oluşturmadığını belirlemek için t-Testi uygulanmıştır. Tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) sonucunda ortaya çıkan istatistiksel farkın hangi gruplardan kaynakladığını belirlemek amacıyla Tukey HSD çoklu karşılaştırma testi uygulanmıştır. Verilerin istatistiksel analizinde ve yorumlarda, p< 0,05 anlamlılık düzeyi dikkate alınmıştır. Yapılan istatistiksel analiz sonucuna göre, deneklerin % 62,4 ünün erkek ve % 37,6 sının bayan olduğu belirlenmiştir. Cinsiyetlere göre sosyal uyum düzeyleri arasında (p<0,05) düzeyinde anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur. Erkek ve Kadın” katılımcılar arasında “Duygusal gelişim” alt boyutunda anlamlı düzeyde bir farklılık görülmüştür. Katılımcıların doğa sporlarının sosyalleşme boyutuna ilişkin görüşleri yaşlarına göre [F(4-397)= 3,440; p< ,05];ahlaki gelişim boyutuna ilişkin görüşleri yaşlarına göre [F(4-397)= 2,569; p< ,05] ve fiziksel fayda boyutuna ilişkin görüşleri yaşlarına göre anlamlı bir farklılık göstermektedir.  Bu sonuçlara göre doğa sporları gençlerin kişisel gelişim ve hayat kalitelerini olumlu yönde etkilemektedir.


2019 ◽  
Vol 829 ◽  
pp. 252-257
Author(s):  
Azhari ◽  
Yohanes Hutasoit ◽  
Freddy Haryanto

CBCT is a modernized technology in producing radiograph image on dentistry. The image quality excellence is very important for clinicians to interpret the image, so the result of diagnosis produced becoming more accurate, appropriate, thus minimizing the working time. This research was aimed to assess the image quality using the blank acrylic phantom polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) (C­5H8O2)n in the density of 1.185 g/cm3 for evaluating the homogeneity and uniformity of the image produced. Acrylic phantom was supported with a tripod and laid down on the chin rest of the CBCT device, then the phantom was fixed, and the edge of the phantom was touched by the bite block. Furthermore, the exposure of the X-ray was executed toward the acrylic phantom with various kVp and mAs, from 80 until 90, with the range of 5 kV and the variation of mA was 3, 5, and 7 mA respectively. The time exposure was kept constant for 25 seconds. The samples were taken from CBCT acrylic images, then as much as 5 ROIs (Region of Interest) was chosen to be analyzed. The ROIs determination was analyzed by using the ImageJ® software for recognizing the influence of kVp and mAs towards the image uniformity, noise and SNR. The lowest kVp and mAs had the result of uniformity value, homogeneity and signal to noise ratio of 11.22; 40.35; and 5.96 respectively. Meanwhile, the highest kVp and mAs had uniformity value, homogeneity and signal to noise ratio of 16.96; 26.20; and 5.95 respectively. There were significant differences between the image uniformity and homogeneity on the lowest kVp and mAs compared to the highest kVp and mAs, as analyzed with the ANOVA statistics analysis continued with the t-student post-hoc test with α = 0.05. However, there was no significant difference in SNR as analyzed with the ANOVA statistic analysis. The usage of the higher kVp and mAs caused the improvement of the image homogeneity and uniformity compared to the lower kVp and mAs.


2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Altynay Balmukhanova ◽  
Kairat Kabulbayev ◽  
Assiya Kanatbayeva ◽  
Harika Alpay ◽  
Aigul Balmukhanova ◽  
...  

Abstract Background and Aims Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is considered a global medical and public health issue. CKD takes a special place among non-infectious diseases because of its prevalence (6-20% according to different surveys and studies) and is associated with a poor life quality, complications and high risk of mortality. In recent years, there have been new biomarkers requiring more research in this area. One of these biomarkers is Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) which is found as a bone derived hormone and might be a predictor of progression. However, the role of FGF-23 in CKD progression in children has not been adequately studied, especially on the early stages. Nowadays, the study of FGF-23 in children and the question of the clinical importance of this marker are relevant. Therefore, the aim of our study was to establish the role of FGF-23 in CKD progression in children. Method A prospective study was conducted on 73 children with different stages of CKD and 14 healthy individuals (control group) matched by age and gender. There were approximately equal numbers of patients in study groups. An average age was 9.61±1.05 years. Exclusion criteria: active inflammatory, bone, infectious, oncological, immunological diseases, taking steroids and vitamin D supplements. Laboratory measurements included all common clinical and biochemical indicators. Serum concentration of intact FGF-23 was assessed by using the ELISA method (Biomedica Medizinprodukte GmbH, Austria). Statistical analysis was conducted in MS Excel 2016 and SPSS 18.0. Results The normal range of FGF-23 for this kit was 0.1-1.5 pmol/l. The average value of FGF-23 in the control group was 0.69±0.12 pmol/l. Further studies in the groups with different stages of CKD revealed that FGF-23 concentration gradually rose in parallel with stages of CKD, and it reached the maximum on the last stage. It should be noticed that the level of FGF-23 concentration on the first stage of CKD was normal (0.73±0.14 pmol/l) and the comparison with healthy individuals revealed no significant differences. What is remarkable, despite the fact that the average value of the second stage patients was normal (1.36±0.2 pmol/l), there was a statistically significant difference with the control group (p=0.008). The levels of FGF-23 on the next stages were 2.52±0.52 pmol/l, 5.42±1.61 pmol/l, and 12.16±1.55 pmol/l, respectively. The differences were considerable and proved by statistical analysis (p&lt;0.01). Conclusion Our study showed that there is an upward trend of FGF-23 as CKD progresses from early to advanced stages. The results on the second and third stages indicate that FGF-23 should be considered as one of early biomarkers of CKD progression in children. Thus, there is a need for more studies in this area.


2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Shafiee ◽  
Ramezaninezhad Rahim ◽  
Afrouzeh Hakime ◽  
Rabbani Vahid

Purpose: Despite many researches that have been done in the field of biorhythm and due to lack of single view among scholars, as well as importance of forecasting of athletes’ performance to improve their results, the purpose of this study is to determine relationship between biorhythm (physical cycle) and sports performance of Iranian Super League women basketball players. Material: This is a descriptive-correlational study. Statistical population was women basketball players in 1394-95 women's Super League and the statistical sample included all of the players of the teams, qualified as semi-finalists (44 players). The tool, used in this research, was athletes’ performance questionnaire (Charbonneau, 2001) containing five questions by a Likert scale from 1 (poor) to 5 (excellent) points. Biorhythm software and descriptive tests and also inferential statistical test including Chi-Square, independent T-test and one way ANOVA at significance level of in SPSS software were used for analyzing the collected data. Results: results showed that there was no significant relationship between physical energy and performance of athletes (p = 0.85). Also the results of one way ANOVA test showed that there was no significant difference between performance of athletes at three levels (positive, negative and critical) and physical cycle (p = 0.96). The value of Chi-Square was equal to 2.63 that showed there was no significant relationship between different levels of physical cycle and the results (win or lose) of match (p = 0.026). Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that physical performance did not depend on 23-day cycle, stated in the Biorhythm theory, and there was no evidence proving existence of these cycles. It can be concluded that there is no justifying reason to use the Biorhythm software in hard exercises.


2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Rappel Situmorang

This study aims to determine the differences in physics learningoutcomes using cooperative learning model Numbered Heads Together Sheet-assisted Student Activity with direct instruction model in the subjectmatter Geometric Optics in Class X Semester 2 SMAN 7 T.P. 2012/2013. The population in this study were all students of class X consists of 9 parallelclasses. The study sample comprised 2 classes taken by cluster randomsampling is a class X-3 as a class experiment given cooperative learningmodel Numbered Heads Together Student Activity Sheet assisted and X-9 asa control class with direct instructional model, each of which consists of 40students. Pretest data obtained average value is the experimental class andcontrol class 34.90 is 37.10. After being given a different treatment to thesecond class, the average values obtained posttest for the experimental classwas 73.20 and 66.80 control class. The results of testing hypotheses obtainedt-test = 2.78 and t-table = 1.99 at  significance level α = 0.05 and df = 78, ttest>t-table. It showed no significant difference in the learning outcomes of students using cooperative learning model Numbered Heads Together Sheet assisted Student Activity with learning model directly in the subject matterOptical Geometry in class X Semester 2 SMAN 7 T.P. 2012/2013.


2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Wayan Andi Suandika . ◽  
I Ketut Sudiana, S.Pd. M Kes . ◽  
I Nyoman Sudarmada, S.Or. .

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengatahui pengaruh pelatihan alternate leg bound dan knee tuck jump terhadap peningkatan daya ledak otot tungkai. Jenis penelitian ini eksperimen dengan rancangan the non-randomized control group pretest posttest design. Subjek penelitian ini siswa peserta ektrakurikuler bola voli SMP Negeri 2 Singaraja berjumlah 36 orang, kemudian dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok dengan menggunakan teknik ordinal pairing, yaitu 12 orang diberikan pelatihan alternate leg bound, 12 orang diberikan pelatihan knee tuck jump, dan 12 orang kelompok kontrol. Daya Ledak diukur dengan tes vertical jump. Data dianalisis dengan uji F (one way anova) pada taraf signifikansi (α) = 0,05 dengan bantuan program SPSS 16.0.Hasil analisis menunjukan adanya perubahan nilai rata-rata pada variable daya ledak. Pada kelompok alternate leg bound terjadi peningkatan, pada kelompok knee tuck jump meningkat dan pada kelompok kontrol tidak terdapat peningkatan daya ledak Hasil uji one way anova variable daya ledak antara kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol didapat Fhitung sebesar 58,920 dan signifikasi 0,000 yang berarti terdapat perbedaan pengaruh antara pelatihan alternate leg bound dan knee tuck jump. Berdasarkan hasil uji LSD, maka kelompok pelatihan knee tuck jump lebih baik pengaruhnya dibandingkan pelatihan alternate leg bound terhadap peningkatan daya ledak otot tungkai. Kata Kunci : alternate leg bound, pelatihan knee tuck jump, daya ledak otot tungkai This research is aimed to knowing the effect of alternate leg bound training and knee tuck jump to the enhancement the explosive power leg muscles. This type of research is use quasi-experiment with “the non-randomized control group pretest posttest design. The subject of this research is student participant of volley ball extracurricular SMP Negeri 2 Singaraja as much 36 people, and then divided into 3 groups with ordinal pairing technique that is 12 people given alternate leg bound, 12 people given knee tuck jump training, and 12 people control groups. Explosive power is measured by vertical jump test. Data was analyzed by F test ( one way anova) with significance level (α)= 0,05, through SPSS 16.0. Analysis result indicate a change in the average value of the variable explosive power. In alternate lef bound groups there is increased, in knee tuck jump groups increase and contril goups there is not increased explosive power. The result of one way anova test, explosive power variables between the treatment groups and control group gained f count 58,920 and significance 0.000 that mean contained different effect between alternate leg bound training and knee tuck jump. Based of the result LSD test, knee tuck jump groups training have a better effect than alternate leg bound to the enhancement explosive power leg muscles.keyword : alternate leg bound training, knee tuck jump training, explosive leg muscles


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Sahat Maruli Siahaan

This study aimed to determine the effect of student learning outcomes by applying the learningmodel Think Pair Share (TPS) on the archipelago song class VIII-I in SMP YP PembangunanGalang of the Academic Year 2016/2017.This type of research is True experimental design with pretest-Psottest Control GroupDesign. The population in the study were all second semester VIII class consisting of 3 classes.Sampling was done by random sampling. Sample chosen is a class VIII-I as the experimental classlearning model Think Pair Share, amounting to 30 people and VIII-II as a control group withconventional learning models which amounted to 32 people. The instrument used in this studyused multiple-choice test of 25 questions with four possible answers that have validator. Thestatistics are used to test the hypothesis of this study is to test t, As a prerequisite test used to testthe normality and homogeneity.Based on the post-test and analysis of data obtained an average value of 78.26experimental group and the average value of the control group 66. From the results of hypothesistesting, it turns out the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. Testing the hypothesis in researchusing hypothesis testing t-test two parties and of the calculation of the statistics obtained by value t= 4.60 t the next price compared to the price ttabel with significance level of 5% was obtainedtable = 2.0 then t ≥ t table or - t ≤ - t table is ≥ 2.0 or -4.60 4.60 ≤ -2.0. Then the results of testinghypothesis Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted.Based on data analysis and discussion of the results of hypothesis testing, theconclusion of this study was no significant difference in the use of learning model Think PairShare (TPS) to the learning outcomes obtained by students on track archipelago VIII-I in SMP YPPembangunan Galang of the Academic Year 2016/2017.


Al-Ulum ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Anis Fauzi

This article aims to explore the nationalism among students Islamic Junior High School (MTs) and Junior High School (SMP) in the District of Serang and Serang Municipality. Statistical analysis show that in order to find a comparison between the national insight MTs and SMP students in research location by using Test 't' to sample a large group. Based this study, it is concluded that there was no significant difference between the nationalistic viewpoint MTs and SMP students in Serang Municipality with MTs and SMP students in Serang District. However, basing on the difference between the average value the mean between the two groups of respondents turned out to mean price MTs and SMP student groups in Serang City (204.235) were slightly larger than the mean price of MTs and SMP school student groups in the district of Serang (203.765).


2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Rastislav Paľov

The aim of the study was to compare the current level of the selected speed abilities of juniors hockey players between defenders and forwards (n = 20, height = 182.3 ± 4.9cm, weight = 81.5 ± 6.7 kg, age = 18.44 ± .70 years; defenders = 8, height = 184.0 ± 3.8 cm, weight = 84.2 ± 6.5 kg, age = 18.60 years ± .59; attackers = 12, height = 181.2 ± 5.4 cm, weight = 79.6 ± 6.7 kg, age = 18.33 ± .77 years) in a competitive year 2014/2015. The indicators of selected speed abilities were observed by two tests: 1. Run to 40m with changes of direction and agility 2. Test – Illinois. Statistical analysis was conducted by using the software IBM® SPSS® Statistics V19. The average value of the test run to 40m with changes of the direction of the whole file was 8.52 ± .22 s, among defenders was 8.34 ± .10 s, among forwards 8.64 ± .19 s, which is a statistically significant difference between defenders and forwards (d = 1.97; p < 0.05; r = 0.70 – large effect) in favour of the defenders. In the agility test – Illinois, the average value of the whole file was 16.58 ± .33 s. For the defenders, the average finish time indicated of the value 16.32 ± .23 s and for forwards 16.75 ± .27 s, which again is statistically significant difference in favour of the defenders (d = 1.71; p < 0.05; r = 0.65 – large effect).


Author(s):  
Sahabuddin Sahabuddin

ABSTRACTThe research objective was to determine the effect of anthropometrics and VO2 max on the performance of table tennis players. The research design or type of research used in this study is correlational. The population in this study were all BKMF FIK UNM table tennis players. The sample in this study were players. The data analysis used was univariate analysis and bivariate analysis. By using the Chi – Square statistical test with a significance level of α = 0.05. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that; (1) There is a significant anthropometric difference with the achievement of table tennis athletes at BKMF Tennis table FIK UNM. This is evidenced by the results of data processing through the One Way Anova test, the average value of each group at anthropometric <0.05 means that Ho is rejected, meaning that there is a significant difference between groups, (2) There is a significant difference between VO2 Max and the performance of table tennis athletes at BKMF Tenismeja. FIK UNM. This is proven by the results of data processing through the One Way Anova test, the average value of each group at VO2 Max <0.05 means that Ho is rejected, meaning that there is a significant difference between groups, and (3) There is a significant difference in the frequency of training with the achievement of table tennis athletes unit of tensimeja Unhas. This is proven by the results of data processing through the One Way Anova test, the average value of each group at training frequency <0.05 means that Ho is rejected, meaning that there is a real difference between groups. ABSTRAKTujuan Penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh antropometrik dan VO2 max dengan prestasi pemain tenismejaDesain penelitian atau jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah korelasional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pemain tenismeja BKMF FIK UNM. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah pemain. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisa univariate dan analisa bivariate. Dengan  menggunakan  uji  statistic Chi – Square  dengan tingkat kemaknaan  α = 0,05. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa; (1) Ada perbedaan yang signifikan antropometrik dengan prestasi atlet tenismeja pada BKMF Tenismeja FIK UNM. Hal ini terbukti dengan hasil pengolahan data melalui Uji One Way Anova diperoleh nilai rata-rata tiap kelompok pada antropometrik < 0.05 berarti Ho ditolak, berarti ada perbedaan nyata antara kelompok, (2) Ada perbedaan yang signifikan VO2 Max dengan prestasi atlet tenismeja pada BKMF Tenismeja FIK UNM. Hal ini terbukti dengan hasil pengolahan data melalui Uji One Way Anova diperoleh nilai rata-rata tiap kelompok pada VO2 Max < 0.05 berarti Ho ditolak, berarti ada perbedaan nyata antara kelompok, dan (3) Ada perbedaan yang signifikan frekuensi latihan dengan prestasi atlet tenismeja pada unit tensimeja Unhas. Hal ini terbukti dengan hasil pengolahan data melalui Uji One Way Anova diperoleh nilai rata-rata tiap kelompok pada frekuensi latihan < 0.05 berarti Ho ditolak, berarti ada perbedaan nyata antara kelompok.


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