A Stacked Planar Antenna with Switchable Small Grid Pixel Structure for Directive High Beam Steering Broadside Radiation

A radiation pattern of a reconfigurable pixel structure antenna that operates in three steerable beam directions of {-40º, 0º, 40º} is presented. The proposed antenna consists of a circular driven structure on the bottom layer with a pixel structure placed in the top layer. The pixel structures of small square-shaped metallic patches are used to provide beam steering reconfiguration capabilities to the antenna. The adjacent pixels are connected by PIN diode switches with ON/OFF status to change the electrical geometry of the pixel surface, which changes the current distribution on the antenna, thus provides reconfigurability in beam steering direction. The proposed antenna operates at 9.5GHz frequency for X-Band radar application. This antenna is capable to achieve a tolerable return loss of less than -10dB with an average gain of 8 dBi at all desired angles.

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Frequency Reconfigurable Compact Antenna for Multiband Wireless Communication Application

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering - Special Issue ◽

10.35940/ijitee.h6275.069820 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 316-324

Keyword(s):

Wireless Communication ◽

Radiation Pattern ◽

Current Distribution ◽

Return Loss ◽

Surface Current ◽

Wireless Networking ◽

Pin Diode ◽

Rectangular Hole ◽

Surface Current Distribution ◽

Compact Antenna

This pioneering work suggests a reconfigurable multiband frequency antenna for applications in wireless networking The miniaturization and multi-band function of the mounted antenna is done by inserting a rectangular hole, and the reconfiguration of the frequency is achieved by utilizing two PIN diode switches. The ON and OFF state of the PIN diode determines the surface current distribution of the radiating patch resulting in the multiband resonance and reconfiguration of the proposed device. Application and analysis dependent on parameter of the antenna such as lack of return loss, VSWR, gain, and radiation pattern. The developed antenna is used for the intended application of wireless communication. Simulation is performed using Ansys HFSS.

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C-Band and X-Band Switchable Frequency-Selective Surface

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics10040476 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 476

Author(s):

Umer Farooq ◽

Adnan Iftikhar ◽

Muhammad Farhan Shafique ◽

Muhammad Saeed Khan ◽

Adnan Fida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bottom Layer ◽

Frequency Selective Surface ◽

Transverse Magnetic ◽

Unit Element ◽

Angular Stability ◽

Band Spectrum ◽

Pin Diode ◽

Pin Diodes ◽

X Band ◽

Frequency Selective

This paper presents a highly compact frequency-selective surface (FSS) that has the potential to switch between the X-band (8 GHz–12 GHz) and C-band (4 GHz–8 GHz) for RF shielding applications. The proposed FSS is composed of a square conducting loop with inward-extended arms loaded with curved extensions. The symmetric geometry allows the RF shield to perform equally for transverse electric (TE), transverse magnetic (TM), and 45° polarizations. The unit cell has a dimension of 0.176 λ0 and has excellent angular stability up to 60°. The resonance mechanism was investigated using equivalent circuit models of the shield. The design of the unit element allowed incorporation of PIN diodes between adjacent elements for switching to a lower C-band spectrum at 6.6 GHz. The biasing network is on the bottom layer of the substrate to avoid effects on the shielding performance. A PIN diode configuration for the switching operation was also proposed. In simulations, the PIN diode model was incorporated to observe the switchable operation. Two prototypes were fabricated, and the switchable operation was demonstrated by etching copper strips on one fabricated prototype between adjacent unit cells (in lieu of PIN diodes) as a proof of the design prototypes. Comparisons among the results confirmed that the design offers high angular stability and excellent performance in both bands.

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A compact high-gain parasitic patch antenna with electronic beam-switching

Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science ◽

10.11591/ijeecs.v13.i2.pp551-555 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 551

Author(s):

D. Subramaniam ◽

M. Jusoh ◽

T. Sabapathy ◽

M. N. Osman ◽

M. R. Kamarudin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Patch Antenna ◽

Beam Steering ◽

Ground Plane ◽

High Gain ◽

Pin Diode ◽

High Beam ◽

Operating Range ◽

Switching Condition ◽

Parasitic Patch ◽

Beam Switching

<span>A high beam steering antenna using HPND PIN Diode is proposed with a capability of steering its beam into three different directions -40 º, 0º and 40 º with respective switching condition. The reconfigurable parasitic antenna consists of a driven element and two reconfigurable parasitic elements, is designed with operating range of 9.5GHz. The parasitic elements act as reflectors or director depending on the switching conditions. Both parasitic elements are connected to ground plane via shorting pins. The reconfiguration is controlled by the two HPND PIN Diode switch that embeds to the parasitic element. An average gain value of 8dBi is achieved at all reconfiguration scenarios. All the simulated design has been carried out using CST software.</span>

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Design and Simulation of Rectangular Microstrip Double Patch Antenna for X Band

International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology ◽

10.22214/ijraset.2021.38420 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 453-459

Author(s):

Neha Afreen

Keyword(s):

Radiation Pattern ◽

Patch Antenna ◽

High Frequency ◽

Return Loss ◽

Dielectric Substrate ◽

Substrate Material ◽

Feed Line ◽

X Band ◽

Microstrip Feed Line ◽

Microstrip Feed

Abstract: In the present work an attempt has been made to design and simulation of rectangular microstrip double patch antenna for X band using microstrip feed line techniques. HFSS High frequency simulator is used to analyse the proposed antenna and simulated the result on the return loss, radiation pattern and gain of the proposed antenna. The antenna is able to achieve in the range of 8-12 GHz for return loss of less than -10 dB. The operating frequency of the proposed antenna is 8.7 GHz with dielectric substrate, ARLON of = 2.5 and h= 1.6mm. Keywords: ARLON substrate material, FEM, Microstrip Feed Line, X band

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UWB Filtenna with Electronically Reconfigurable Band Notch using Defected Microstrip Structure

Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science ◽

10.11591/ijeecs.v8.i2.pp302-307 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 302

Author(s):

Ammar Alhegazi ◽

Zahriladha Zakaria ◽

Noor Azwan Shairi ◽

Tole Sutikno ◽

Sharif Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Radiation Pattern ◽

Return Loss ◽

Monopole Antenna ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Ultra Wideband ◽

Pin Diode ◽

Resonant Structure ◽

Triangular Shape ◽

Uwb Applications ◽

Microstrip Structure

<span>A new design of filtenna with electronically reconfigurable band notch for <a name="_Hlk493351084"></a>ultra-wideband (UWB) applications is presented. The filtenna is designed based on modified monopole antenna integrated with resonant structure. To produce wider bandwidth with better return loss and higher frequency skirt selectivity, the monopole antenna is modified using microstrip transition in the feedline and block with a triangular-shape slot on each side of the circular patch. The resonant structure is about U-shaped slot defected on the feedline to achieve band notch characteristic. The position of the created band notch is controlled by optimizing the length of the U-shaped slot. By using a PIN diode switch inserted in the U-shaped slot to achieve reconfigurability feature. The experimental results show that the proposed design exhibits a wide bandwidth ranging from 3.0 to 14.0 GHz with reconfigurable band notch at 5.5 GHz (WLAN), and omnidirectional radiation pattern. Therefore, the proposed design is a good candidate for modern UWB applications.</span>

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Beam steering spiral antenna reconfigured by PIN diodes

International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies ◽

10.1017/s1759078714000130 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 619-627 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Liang Gong ◽

Rodica Ramer ◽

King Yuk “Eric” Chan

Keyword(s):

Radiation Pattern ◽

Return Loss ◽

Beam Steering ◽

Detailed Comparison ◽

Close Correlation ◽

Spiral Antenna ◽

Pin Diodes ◽

Simulation Results ◽

Spiral Arm

The paper proposes a new design for a single-arm, rectangular, spiral antenna (SARSA) with a wide azimuth space coverage. The antenna, operating at around 3.3 GHz, is capable of steering the beam in four separate directions in the azimuth plane. Only three DC signals are required to control the seven PIN diodes attached along the spiral arm. The antenna has a 200-MHz-bandwidth around 3.3 GHz with stable maximum beam directions that are defined by setting of the switches. Considerations required in selecting switch positions when designing such antennas for other frequencies, are presented. The measured return loss, radiation pattern and gain, all have close correlation with the simulation results. A detailed comparison of our design with those already proposed in the literature is given.

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L-Slots Square Antenna for Octa-band Applications

10.21467/proceedings.114.39 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tejaswita Kumari ◽

Prabir Ghosh ◽

Atanu Chowdhury

Keyword(s):

Dielectric Constant ◽

Radiation Pattern ◽

Current Distribution ◽

Patch Antenna ◽

Return Loss ◽

Single Port ◽

Surface Current ◽

Surface Current Distribution ◽

Commercial Software

The objective of this paper is to design an Octa- Band L-slot Square Patch antenna which will operate in 3.18 GHz, 4.71 GHz, 7.04 GHz, 8.38 GHz, 8.86 GHz, 10.66 GHz, 11.76 GHz, 14.12 GHz frequencies. The same antenna would also work in UWB frequencies. An L-slots Square copper patch with a thickness 0.035mm is placed on FR4 epoxy substrate having dielectric constant 4.4 with a height of 1.6 mm with single port. This has been designed using HFSS commercial software simulator so that Return Loss, VSWR, Radiation pattern and Surface current distribution can be measured.

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Design and Experimental Analysis of Multiband Compound Reconfigurable 5G Antenna for Sub-6 GHz Wireless Applications

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing ◽

10.1155/2021/5588105 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Ikhlas Ahmad ◽

Haris Dildar ◽

Wasi Ur Rehman Khan ◽

Syed Amir Ali Shah ◽

Shakir Ullah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Return Loss ◽

Beam Steering ◽

Impedance Matching ◽

Main Beam ◽

Rear Side ◽

Pin Diode ◽

Wireless Applications ◽

Low Profile ◽

5 Ghz ◽

The Given

In this paper, a printed low-profile antenna with frequency and pattern reconfigurable functionality is designed in three modes. Each mode operates at different frequency bands and has several options available for pattern reconfiguration in these bands. The proposed antenna consists of eight pin-diode switches (S1 to S8). The switches S1 and S2, installed in the radiating patch, are used for frequency reconfigurability to control the operating bands of the antenna. The rest of the six switches (S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, and S8), loaded in the stubs on the rear side of the antenna, are used for pattern reconfiguration to control the main lobe beam steering. When all switches are off, the proposed antenna operates in a wideband mode, covering the 3.82-9.32 GHz frequency range. When S1 is on, the antenna resonates in the 3.5 GHz (3.09-4.17 GHz) band. When both S1 and S2 are on, the resonant band of the antenna is shifted to 2.5 GHz band (2.40-2.81 GHz). A very good impedance matching with a return loss of less than -10 dB is attained in these bands. The beam steering is done at each operating frequency by controlling the on and off states of the six pin-diode switches (S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, and S8). Depending on the state of the switches, the antenna can direct the beam in seven distinct directions at 4.2 GHz, 4.5 GHz, and 5 GHz. The main beam of the radiation pattern is steered in five different directions at 5.5 GHz, 3.5 GHz, and 2.6 GHz operating bands for the given state of the mentioned switches. The proposed antenna supports several sub-6 GHz 5G bands (2.6 GHz, 3.5 GHz, 4.2 GHz, 4.5 GHz, and 5 GHz) and can be used in handheld 5G devices.

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Smart DRA for beam width and orientation control

Frequenz ◽

10.1515/freq-2020-0013 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 74 (11-12) ◽

pp. 383-392

Author(s):

Rajveer S. Yaduvanshi ◽

Richa Gupta ◽

Saurabh Katiyar

Keyword(s):

Radiation Pattern ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Beam Width ◽

Beam Control ◽

Design Flexibility ◽

Compact Size ◽

Close Proximity ◽

Cellular Communication Network ◽

Arc Shape ◽

Broadside Radiation

AbstractSmartdielectric resonator antenna (DRA) having beam control mechanism is anew area to be explored by antenna researchers. Proposed new geometry DRA has low loss, design flexibility, high efficiency, compact size and desired radiated beam control. Developing beam control in new geometry DRAs is investigated for the first time in this letter. Unique technique for beam control and beam width control is proposed using pit top and mount top DRA. Gain is controlled from 5.0 to 9.98 dBi and beam is controlled from ±30° to ±70° in broadside radiation pattern. U shape pit DRA has maximum directive gain of 9.98 dBi and efficiency 98% at 5.8 GHz frequency. Measured and simulated results of radiation pattern and reflection coefficient are found to be in close proximity. Hardware of U shape pit top DRA, mount top DRA, left side arc top DRA, right side arc shape top DRA is developed and investigated. Mobile and cellular communication network need wide coverage, hence large beam width is required. Narrowing of beam width at higher order mode is also achieved.

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