scholarly journals Application of advanced communication and control technologies for smart grid : a comprehensive review

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1514
Author(s):  
S Surender Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Contingency Analysis ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Communication Techniques ◽  
Control Command ◽  
Control Technologies

This paper presents a comprehensive review of advanced control and communication technologies of smart grid (SG). Various func-tions/features of SG include real-time pricing, voltage/VAr control, frequency control, power quality, demand response management, distri-bution system restoration, and reconfiguration, distributed generation dispatch and storage. There is a strong requirement to control these functions, as well as to communicate within themselves. Suppose, if two-way communication is not possible then it cannot be considered as a function of SG. When trying to track or monitor a function, one must be able to control, command, and communicate with it. In order to control observation ability and measure of some type of numerical quantity that is obtained from a real time measuring device being moni-tored is necessary. Some of these measurable quantities are: overvoltage limits, security measures and contingency analysis. This paper addresses various challenges of control and communication techniques of SG.  

Real-time research lab in the Sundom smart grid pilot

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Monot ◽  
M. Wahler ◽  
J. Valtari ◽  
M. Rita-Kasari ◽  
J. Nikko
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Real Time

scholarly journals Power-Based Non-Intrusive Condition Monitoring for Terminal Device in Smart Grid

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoming Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyu Ji ◽  
Yanjie Li ◽  
Wenyuan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Condition Monitoring ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Dsp Processors

As a critical component in the smart grid, the Distribution Terminal Unit (DTU) dynamically adjusts the running status of the entire smart grid based on the collected electrical parameters to ensure the safe and stable operation of the smart grid. However, as a real-time embedded device, DTU has not only resource constraints but also specific requirements on real-time performance, thus, the traditional anomaly detection method cannot be deployed. To detect the tamper of the program running on DTU, we proposed a power-based non-intrusive condition monitoring method that collects and analyzes the power consumption of DTU using power sensors and machine learning (ML) techniques, the feasibility of this approach is that the power consumption is closely related to the executing code in CPUs, that is when the execution code is tampered with, the power consumption changes accordingly. To validate this idea, we set up a testbed based on DTU and simulated four types of imperceptible attacks that change the code running in ARM and DSP processors, respectively. We generate representative features and select lightweight ML algorithms to detect these attacks. We finally implemented the detection system on the windows and ubuntu platform and validated its effectiveness. The results show that the detection accuracy is up to 99.98% in a non-intrusive and lightweight way.

scholarly journals Adaptive PV Frequency Control Strategy Based on Real-time Inertia Estimation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Yu Su ◽  
Hongyu Li ◽  
Yi Cui ◽  
Shutang You ◽  
Yiwei Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Frequency Control

Real-time precision measuring device of tree diameter growth

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingming Guo ◽  
Aijun Chen ◽  
Dongsheng Li ◽  
Nan Liu ◽  
Jingyuan Yao
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Precision Measuring

scholarly journals Evaluating Latency in Multiprocessing Embedded Systems for the Smart Grid

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3322
Author(s):  
Sara Alonso ◽  
Jesús Lázaro ◽  
Jaime Jiménez ◽  
Unai Bidarte ◽  
Leire Muguira
Keyword(s):  
Operating System ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Processing System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Programmable Logic ◽  
Detailed Characterization ◽  
Timing Constraint ◽  
Time Part

Smart grid endpoints need to use two environments within a processing system (PS), one with a Linux-type operating system (OS) using the Arm Cortex-A53 cores for management tasks, and the other with a standalone execution or a real-time OS using the Arm Cortex-R5 cores. The Xen hypervisor and the OpenAMP framework allow this, but they may introduce a delay in the system, and some messages in the smart grid need a latency lower than 3 ms. In this paper, the Linux thread latencies are characterized by the Cyclictest tool. It is shown that when Xen hypervisor is used, this scenario is not suitable for the smart grid as it does not meet the 3 ms timing constraint. Then, standalone execution as the real-time part is evaluated, measuring the delay to handle an interrupt created in programmable logic (PL). The standalone application was run in A53 and R5 cores, with Xen hypervisor and OpenAMP framework. These scenarios all met the 3 ms constraint. The main contribution of the present work is the detailed characterization of each real-time execution, in order to facilitate selecting the most suitable one for each application.

scholarly journals System Level Simulation of Microgrid Power Electronic Systems

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 644
Author(s):  
Michal Frivaldsky ◽  
Jan Morgos ◽  
Michal Prazenica ◽  
Kristian Takacs
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Power Converter ◽  
System Level ◽  
Time Behavior ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
System Level Simulation ◽  
Time Operation ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, we describe a procedure for designing an accurate simulation model using a price-wised linear approach referred to as the power semiconductor converters of a DC microgrid concept. Initially, the selection of topologies of individual power stage blocs are identified. Due to the requirements for verifying the accuracy of the simulation model, physical samples of power converters are realized with a power ratio of 1:10. The focus was on optimization of operational parameters such as real-time behavior (variable waveforms within a time domain), efficiency, and the voltage/current ripples. The approach was compared to real-time operation and efficiency performance was evaluated showing the accuracy and suitability of the presented approach. The results show the potential for developing complex smart grid simulation models, with a high level of accuracy, and thus the possibility to investigate various operational scenarios and the impact of power converter characteristics on the performance of a smart gird. Two possible operational scenarios of the proposed smart grid concept are evaluated and demonstrate that an accurate hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) system can be designed.

scholarly journals A Survey on Vulnerabilities and Countermeasures in the Communications of the Smart Grid

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 1881
Author(s):  
Jesús Lázaro ◽  
Armando Astarloa ◽  
Mikel Rodríguez ◽  
Unai Bidarte ◽  
Jaime Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Real Time ◽  
International Electrotechnical Commission ◽  
Communication Infrastructure ◽  
Iec 61850 ◽  
Best Effort ◽  
Electrical Grid ◽  
Informational Technology ◽  
Iec 62351 ◽  
Time Critical

Since the 1990s, the digitalization process has transformed the communication infrastructure within the electrical grid: proprietary infrastructures and protocols have been replaced by the IEC 61850 approach, which realizes interoperability among vendors. Furthermore, the latest networking solutions merge operational technologies (OTs) and informational technology (IT) traffics in the same media, such as time-sensitive networking (TSN)—standard, interoperable, deterministic, and Ethernet-based. It merges OT and IT worlds by defining three basic traffic types: scheduled, best-effort, and reserved traffic. However, TSN demands security against potential new cyberattacks, primarily, to protect real-time critical messages. Consequently, security in the smart grid has turned into a hot topic under regulation, standardization, and business. This survey collects vulnerabilities of the communication in the smart grid and reveals security mechanisms introduced by international electrotechnical commission (IEC) 62351-6 and how to apply them to time-sensitive networking.

Implementation and Application between High Stability PC and FPGA Serial Communication

2013 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 344-347
Author(s):  
Zheng Zhang ◽  
Li Xin Cai ◽  
Yu Kun Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Stability ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Serial Communication ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Small Error ◽  
Waveform Generator ◽  
Labview Software ◽  
Control Interface ◽  
Control Command ◽  
Waveform Selection

In this paper, we mainly introduce the serial communication between PC and FPGA and adopt the design principles of DDS phase accumulator to achieve small error of baud rate generator and provide the reliable data transmission. On PC, we use the Labview software to design control interface, which is responsible for sending the control command. The experimental results indicate that the communication is feasible, high stability. This design is applied to the control unit of waveform generator based on FPGA by inputting relevant data on PC such as waveform selection, frequency control, range control and phase control to realize the function of waveform selection, amplitude modulation, phase modulation and frequency modulation.

Open-Source Real-Time Robot Operation and Control System for Highly Dynamic, Modular Machines

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Peekema ◽  
Daniel Renjewski ◽  
Jonathan Hurst
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Real Time ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Sensors And Actuators ◽  
Key Innovation ◽  
Hard Real Time

The control system of a highly dynamic robot requires the ability to respond quickly to changes in the robot’s state. This type of system is needed in varying fields such as dynamic locomotion, multicopter control, and human-robot interaction. Robots in these fields require software and hardware capable of hard real-time, high frequency control. In addition, the application outlined in this paper requires modular components, remote guidance, and mobile control. The described system integrates a computer on the robot for running a control algorithm, a bus for communicating with microcontrollers connected to sensors and actuators, and a remote user interface for interacting with the robot. Current commercial solutions can be expensive, and open source solutions are often time consuming. The key innovation described in this paper is the building of a control system from existing — mostly open source — components that can provide realtime, high frequency control of the robot. This paper covers the development of such a control system based on ROS, OROCOS, and EtherCAT, its implementation on a dynamic bipedal robot, and system performance test results.

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