scholarly journals Indonesian Interpretation of the Qur’an on Khilāfah: The Case of Quraish Shihab and Yudian Wahyudi on Qur'an, 2: 30-38

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-166
Author(s):  
M Djidin ◽  
Sahiron Syamsuddin
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Muslim Scholars

Today the issue of building al-khilāfah al-islāmīyah (Islamic Caliphate) has been raised by Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI). One of its arguments is that it is obligatory, because Qur’an, 2:30 mentions the term khalīfah. However, this argument has been questioned by many Muslim scholars. Some of them are Quraish Shihab and Yudian Wahyudi. In this article a comparative study is conducted in such a way we can provide readers with a ‘direct’ comparasion between Shihab’s and Wahyudi’s thoughts. The emphasis of their differences is shown more clearly than their similarities. Some important points that are discussed here are their interpretations of Qur’an, 2: 30-38. After analyzing their statements expressed in their writings and interviews, we have found that both have the same idea that Qur’an, 2: 30 does not talk about the Islamic Caliphate, and therefore, it cannot be used as an argument for its building. We have also found that they have exegetical differences that might refer to the fact that Shihab has much emphasis on the ‘historical meaning’ of the verses, whereas Wahyudi prefers their ‘significance’ for human beings.[Wacana khilafah Islam di Indonesia menguat seiring dengan kehadiran Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI). Salas satu argumen mereka adalah adanya istilah khalīfah dalam Qur’an, 2: 30. Namun argument tersebut justru menjadi persoalan bagi pemikir muslim lainnya, dua diantaranya Quraish Shihab dan Yudian Wahyudi. Dalam tulisan ini diharapkan pembaca dapat melihat secara langsung perbandingan dua pemikiran tersebut. Beberapa point penting yang diperdebatkan adalah tafsir ayat Qur’an, 2: 30-38. Berdasarkan analisis pada karya tulis dan wawancara, keduanya sama – sama menunjukkan bahwa ayat tersebut di atas tidak membahas al-khilāfah al-islāmīyah. Meskipun keduanya sependapat, masing-masing memberikan tekanan yang berbeda dimana Shihab lebih ke makna historis, sedangkan Wahyudi condong ke signifikasi bagi kemanusiaan.] 

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PALEOLITHIC PERIOD OF SOUTH ASIA AND EAST ASIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-50
Author(s):  
Marri Padmaja ◽  
B. K. Rangaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
East Asia ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Development Of Language

E.B. Tylor and L.H. Morgan postulated that man kind as a whole has passed through the stages of savagery, barbarism and civilization. Tylor did n'st place specic cultures into different stages of cultural development of human beings, but Morgan subdivided the stage of savagery and barbarism each in to three groups , namely lower, middle and upper. He was of opinion that lower savagery began with development of language and gathering of fruits and nuts assubsistence. This stage ended with development of shing subsistence and use of re. No living example can be citedto this stratum.

scholarly journals Inference of Mulla Sadra's Ethical Views in the Four Realms of Meta-Ethics

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Mehran Seif-Farshad ◽  
Yousef Kheire ◽  
Seyyed Mohammad Amin Madayen
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Normative Ethics ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ethical Philosophy ◽  
Fundamental Part ◽  
Intellectual System ◽  
Human Ethics ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Philosophical Questions ◽  
Transcendent Wisdom

Meta-ethics is an important and fundamental part of ethical philosophy. Normative ethics discusses the ethical criterion and definition of happiness and obligation; but Meta-ethics deals with its background. In other words, it puts ethical propositions into philosophical questions in terms of meaning, cognition, and truth. In the intellectual system of transcendent wisdom, metaphysical issues and sheer philosophy are studied in order to help human beings to develop and transcend. In fact, human ethics and transcendence along with theology are two main goals of transcendent wisdom. In this regard, it is important to understand Mulla Sadra's views on meta-ethics as well as to discover and deduce it among Mulla Sadra's philosophical views. While defining meta-ethics, explaining its domains and asking main questions about each of these domains, the method of comparative study is used in this paper in order to provide the most appropriate and consistent possible answers to questions in the realm of meta-ethics - based on Mulla Sadra's views on the originality of existence Substantial motion and Union of Intelligent and Intelligible and so on. 

Introduction

Slave No More ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Aline Helg
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Multidimensional Approach ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Slave Resistance ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Secondary Literature ◽  
Personal Property

This introductory section presents the historiography of the slave trade and the humanity of the slaves involved. How did slaves express themselves as human beings and social actors in their own right, when the laws of the time primarily considered them to be personal property? Spanning the early sixteenth century to 1838 and considering the entirety of the continental and Caribbean Americas, the author utilizes a multidimensional approach to conduct a long-term comparative study of the Americas, revealing the breadth and success of actions taken by slaves to liberate themselves long before abolitionism. This section also examines the particular circumstances of slaves and the actions of slaves who were able to obtain their own freedom, which reveals how slaves ultimately sped up the abolition of slavery. Looking at various forms of slave resistance also demonstrates the affirmation of slaves' intrinsic humanity. Finally, the introduction provides a review of secondary literature that serves as the foundation of Helg's book.

Indoor air quality prediction using optimizers: A comparative study

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 7053-7069
Author(s):  
Jagriti Saini ◽  
Maitreyee Dutta ◽  
Gonçalo Marques
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Human Beings

Indoor air pollution (IAP) has become a serious concern for developing countries around the world. As human beings spend most of their time indoors, pollution exposure causes a significant impact on their health and well-being. Long term exposure to particulate matter (PM) leads to the risk of chronic health issues such as respiratory disease, lung cancer, cardiovascular disease. In India, around 200 million people use fuel for cooking and heating needs; out of which 0.4% use biogas; 0.1% electricity; 1.5% lignite, coal or charcoal; 2.9% kerosene; 8.9% cow dung cake; 28.6% liquified petroleum gas and 49% use firewood. Almost 70% of the Indian population lives in rural areas, and 80% of those households rely on biomass fuels for routine needs. With 1.3 million deaths per year, poor air quality is the second largest killer in India. Forecasting of indoor air quality (IAQ) can guide building occupants to take prompt actions for ventilation and management on useful time. This paper proposes prediction of IAQ using Keras optimizers and compares their prediction performance. The model is trained using real-time data collected from a cafeteria in the Chandigarh city using IoT sensor network. The main contribution of this paper is to provide a comparative study on the implementation of seven Keras Optimizers for IAQ prediction. The results show that SGD optimizer outperforms other optimizers to ensure adequate and reliable predictions with mean square error = 0.19, mean absolute error = 0.34, root mean square error = 0.43, R2 score = 0.999555, mean absolute percentage error = 1.21665%, and accuracy = 98.87%.

دلالة الكتاب والسنة على إشباع نقص الحاجات النفسية The evidence in Qur’an and Prophetic Sunnah in accomplishing self-requirements.

2019 ◽  
pp. Journal Title (arabic)-Journal Title (Enlgish)
Author(s):  
Mohmmad Ibrahim Abu-Jreiban ◽  
Rakan Essa Alkayed
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Muslim Scholars

هدفت الدراسة التعرف على دور أهم الدلالات الشرعية، الدالة على إشباع نقص الحاجات النفسية عند الإنسان؛ وبخاصة حاجته للأمن والطمأنينة، واتبعت في ذلك المنهج الوصفي التحليلي والاستنباطي؛ منطلقة من تحليل الآيات القرآنية، والأحاديث النبوية التي تتعلق بهذا الجانب؛ كأصلين من أصول الشريعة الإسلامية، كما بينت نتائج الدراسة أهمية إشباع الحاجات عند علماء النفس؛ تلك القضية التي ركز عليها الشاطبي في أبحاثه، والتي أطلق عليها اسم مقاصد الشريعة، وقسمها لثلاثة أقسام: الضروريات، والحاجيات، والتحسينيات. كما أشارت نتائج الدراسة إلى بعض الاستنتاجات والتوصيات؛ منها ما يتعلق بالسبق العلمي لعلماء المسلمين الذين هداهم البحث العلمي إلى التوصل لكثير من الآراء العلمية التي عرفها علماء النفس فيما بعد؛ كماسلو وموراي وأريكسون وماكليلاند وغيرهم، كما أوصت الدراسة بمزيد من الأبحاث للكشف عن مدى صلة علم المقاصد الشرعية بحاجات الإنسان الضرورية. This study aims at identifying the role of the most important Sharia indicators that show satisfaction of the psychological needs effciency in the human beings, especially for safety and security. It followed the descriptive, analytical and hypothetical methods, starting from analyzing Quranic Verses and prophetic Hadith related to this matter as the pillars of the fundamentals of Islamic Sharia. The results of the study showed the importance of fulflling those needs according to Psychologists. This issue has been highlighted by Al-Shattibi in his researches. He called it the Principles of Sharia. He divided it into three parts; the necessities, the needs and the improvements. The results have also come to some conclusion and recommendations. Some of them are related to Muslim scholars who were the frst to highlight those scientifc facts that psychiatrists like Maslow, Ericson, McClelland and others discovered later. This study recommends more researches to discover the connection between Sharia Principles and human needs. Key words: Self-requirements, Intentions, Qur’an and Prophetic Sunnah

دلالة الكتاب والسنة على إشباع نقص الحاجات النفسية The evidence in Qur’an and Prophetic Sunnah in accomplishing self-requirements

2019 ◽  
pp. Journal Title (arabic)-Journal Title (Enlgish)
Author(s):  
Mohmmad Ibrahim Saleem Abu-Jreiban ◽  
Rakan Essa Alkayed
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Muslim Scholars

هدفت الدراسة التعرف على دور أهم الدلالات الشرعية، الدالة على إشباع نقص الحاجات النفسية عند الإنسان؛ وبخاصة حاجته للأمن والطمأنينة، واتبعت في ذلك المنهج الوصفي التحليلي والاستنباطي؛ منطلقة من تحليل الآيات القرآنية، والأحاديث النبوية التي تتعلق بهذا الجانب؛ كأصلين من أصول الشريعة الإسلامية، كما بينت نتائج الدراسة أهمية إشباع الحاجات عند علماء النفس؛ تلك القضية التي ركز عليها الشاطبي في أبحاثه، والتي أطلق عليها اسم مقاصد الشريعة، وقسمها لثلاثة أقسام: الضروريات، والحاجيات، والتحسينيات. كما أشارت نتائج الدراسة إلى بعض الاستنتاجات والتوصيات؛ منها ما يتعلق بالسبق العلمي لعلماء المسلمين الذين هداهم البحث العلمي إلى التوصل لكثير من الآراء العلمية التي عرفها علماء النفس فيما بعد؛ كماسلو وموراي وأريكسون وماكليلاند وغيرهم، كما أوصت الدراسة بمزيد من الأبحاث للكشف عن مدى صلة علم المقاصد الشرعية بحاجات الإنسان الضرورية. This study aims at identifying the role of the most important Sharia indicators that show satisfaction of the psychological needs effciency in the human beings, especially for safety and security. It followed the descriptive, analytical and hypothetical methods, starting from analyzing Quranic Verses and prophetic Hadith related to this matter as the pillars of the fundamentals of Islamic Sharia. The results of the study showed the importance of fulflling those needs according to Psychologists. This issue has been highlighted by Al-Shattibi in his researches. He called it the Principles of Sharia. He divided it into three parts; the necessities, the needs and the improvements. The results have also come to some conclusion and recommendations. Some of them are related to Muslim scholars who were the frst to highlight those scientifc facts that psychiatrists like Maslow, Ericson, McClelland and others discovered later. This study recommends more researches to discover the connection between Sharia Principles and human needs. Key words: Self-requirements, Intentions, Qur’an and Prophetic Sunnah

A Comparative Study of the Islamic Satan and the Miltonic Satan

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1254
Author(s):  
Jawad Anwari
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Paradise Lost ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Scholarly Research ◽  
Christian Religion ◽  
Epic Poem ◽  
Holy Quran ◽  
The Holy Quran ◽  
Islam And Christianity

Paradise Lost has been treated as a controversial epic in misrepresenting characters among some religious writers. In this wonderful epic or out of that, the Satan’s story is a world of ambiguity and bewilderment for human beings, it still continues being obscure. The interpretation of holy scripts causes some misconceptions, overstating and exaggeration especially about Satan. Satan was expelled from the God’s mercy and from His forbearance. He continued to justify his disobedience, he was considered to be very arrogant. This research is going to survey or investigate the comparative and contrastive points of the Holy Quran and the Paradise Lost about Satan. Christian religion is issuing from Heaven and so is Islam. As well as the Paradise Lost was inspired from biblical verses. Hence some matters in case of Satan can be traced and surveyed looking to Quranic text and Miltonic text in this paper. Muslims believe and respect Jesus Christ’s Prophecy. Islam and Christianity both can be celestial religions with the same roots but some differences. In Paradise Lost Satan is presented as magnitude leading character, but from the other side Holy Quran presented Satan is a very wicked and outcast character. Milton attempted to draw God as a passive character and from the other side he also drew Satan as a so active character in his epic poem. Therefore, the similarities and some differences in favor of Satan would be discussed in this scholarly research paper.

“Stung by a bee, you fear a fly”: Areal and universal aspects of Lahu proverbial wisdom

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Matisoff
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Chinese Translation ◽  
Folk Wisdom ◽  
Shed Light

Abstractqhɔ-qhô ί-kâʔ cɔ̀, Lâhō tɔ̂-mɔ̂ cɔ̀.The mountains have [springs of] water; the Lahu have proverbs. (#1012)Proverbs are a particularly interesting type of sentential formulaic expression. This paper analyses a rich corpus of proverbs in Lahu, a language of the Central Loloish branch of Tibeto-Burman, in terms of both their syntactic structure and their semantic content. Overwhelmingly bipartite in form, these proverbs reflect cultural and moral preoccupations of the Lahu people, and are sometimes expressed in similes and metaphors that are quite obscure to the outsider. They make implicit or explicit analogies between phenomena in the outside world and aspects of the behaviour of human beings. They often use earthy, scatological imagery, which tends to be bowdlerized in Chinese translation. Many of them bear a resemblance to the cryptic Chinese folk similes known as xiēhòuyû 歇后语. The proverbs cited are compared to similar ones in other languages, revealing the universal aspects of folk wisdom. Most Lahu proverbs seem to be original creations, although some look like literal equivalents of Western or Chinese sayings. A full-scale comparative study of Sino-Tibetan proverbs would shed light on possible paths of transmission, whether via missionaries or Chinese or Indian influence.

scholarly journals شرائع سابقہ اور وضعی قوانین کی موجودگی میں اسلام کی ضرورت و افادیت اور امتیازات

Al-Duhaa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (02) ◽  
pp. 53-72
Author(s):  
Saleem Nawaz ◽  
Muhammad Ajmal Khan
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Mutual Trust ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Statutory Law

Humans are a social being, social beneficiary and society oriented. They are in need of such a law that can harmonize temporal and spiritual aspects of their lives; protect their honour, lives and property; declare rights and duties of every individual to organize social life with mutual trust, cooperation and sence of sacrifice; and make individuals morally sound enough to make positive contributions in cultivation of virtues and eradication of evils in order to develop an ideal and a balanced society. This article has been written to trace out among the three contemporary laws (former shariahs, statutory law and Islamic law) which one has the capability to fulfill and satisfy the above mentioned demands of human beings at large. This article aslo finds out the limitations and lacks of former shariahs and statutory law; and explores that only Islamic law can address and resolve all existing problems, newly born issues and the challenges of rapidly varying time and age. An analytical and comparative study of former shariahs, statutory law and Islamic law led to the conclusion that only Islamic law has the capability to address all problems and issues of modern age, what human beings face in varying situations and circumstances with the passage of time; and It also gives comprehensive solutions to these issues, as the humanity is the pivot of Islam law

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