scholarly journals Histological Structure of the Varanus Salvator Kidney

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 117-119
Author(s):  
Ida Khoirunnisa’
Keyword(s):  
Proximal Convoluted Tubule ◽  
Distal Convoluted Tubule ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Physics Laboratory ◽  
Monitor Lizard ◽  
Varanus Salvator ◽  
Monitor Lizards ◽  
Bowman's Capsule ◽  
Paraffin Method

Varanus salvator is known as the monitor lizard. This animal is a subspecies of endemic Indonesian monitor lizards which is only found in Java, Bali and Nusa Tenggara (except Timor Island). This study aims to determine the histological structure of the monitor lizard (Varanus salvator). The research was carried out for two months starting from September 2019 to October 2019 at the Animal Physics Laboratory and Zoology of UIN Sunan Kalijaga. The method used is the paraffin method. The results of the study were analyzed in a comparative descriptive manner by observation through a microscope and then taken using a camera. Based on the results of studies lizards (Varanus salvator) have distal convoluted tubule, proximal convoluted tubule, glomerulus, medullary ray and bowman’s capsule.

scholarly journals Histological Structure of Varanus Salvator Intestine

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 121-124
Author(s):  
Risti Widyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Histological Observation ◽  
Monitor Lizard ◽  
The Family ◽  
Varanus Salvator ◽  
Paraffin Method ◽  
Muscularis Externa

Varanus salvator is a common species in Indonesia. This animal is known as the water lizard, who is a member of the family Varanidae or known as the monitor lizard. This research aims to find out histological structure of Varanus salvator intestine. Histological observation was carried out by making histological preparations using the paraffin method. The results of this study were analyzed in a comparative descriptive manner through observation in a microscope and transverse photo histology preparations using a camera. The results of this study indicate that the intestinal histological structure of Varanus salvator consists of Serosa (Sr), Muscle layer (Ml), Muscularis externa (Me), Submucosa (Sm), Mucosa (M), Blood Vessel (Bv) dan Lamina Propria (Lp).

Studi Histokimia Usus Biawak Air (Varanus salvator bivittatus) (Reptil: Varanidae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahfud Mahfud ◽  
Ernawati
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Sample ◽  
Histological Section ◽  
Tissue Perfusion ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Monitor Lizard ◽  
Varanus Salvator ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin ◽  
Paraffin Method

Biological information, behaviour and suitable habitat of water monitor was very less in order to support its maintenance management and breeding efforts. One of important information is the information of digestive tract, particularly the information about the structure of intestine tissue of water monitor. Sample in this research was intestine organ of water monitor. The animal was anesthetized, exanguinated, and fixed in paraformaldehyde 4% by tissue perfusion method. The intestine tissue sample for histological section with paraffin method was cutted with 3-4 μm thick and coloured with hematoxylin eosin (HE). Observation were performed to the structure of intestine histology. The results was analysed descriptively and presented in figures. Monitor lizard intestine consist of small intestine and large intestine. The small intestinal wall was observed similar to jejunum and ileum. The large intestinal wall was composed of transitional ephytelia and connective tissue. However, the ephytelial layer in this tissue was composed of transitional ephytelia that similar to vesica urinaria and there are no villi.

scholarly journals Anatomy of the Male Reproductive Organ of Water Monitor Lizard, Varanus salvator bivittatus (Reptil: Varanidae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
mahfud
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Male Reproductive Organ ◽  
Monitor Lizard ◽  
Varanus Salvator ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Male Reproductive Organs ◽  
Monitor Lizards ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Asian Water

One of the majority species of Varanidae is Varanus salvator or which commonly known as water monitor lizards (water monitor) or Asian water monitor lizard. This species is the most widely spread out of the all varanids. In Indonesia, V. salvator are distributed in almost all islands, from Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, Maluku and Flores. Subspecies V. s. bivittatus was found only in Java, Bali and South East Islands [1]. The information on reproductive biological aspects of the V. s. bivittatus, especially the male reproductive organs is limited. Therefore, the study was aim to explore the male reproductive organs system of V. s. bivittatus that focused on macroscopic evaluation. Two adult male lizards with 45.60 cm SVL from Bogor area were used in this study. The lizard were anesthetized and exanguinated to sacrifice and fixed in 4 % paraformaldehyde through perfusion then followed by visceral observation and morphometric carefully measurement. All the observation finding and collected data were analyzed descriptively and presented in the form of tables and figures. Morphometric data were tabulated in the form of the average (mean) ± standard deviation (SD). Male reproductive organs of the V. s. bivittatus were generally similar to other reptiles such as snakes and lizards, with characteristics a pair of hemipenes. Epididymis was not formed of head, body and radix segment. The deferent duct is a small, straight and short duct which connected the epididymis to cloaca.

scholarly journals STUDI ANATOMIS DAN HISTOLOGIS PANKREAS BIAWAK AIR (Varanus salvator) (Anatomical and Histological Study of the Pancreas of Water Monitor Lizard (Varanus salvator))

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamny Hamny ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal ◽  
Sri Wahyuni ◽  
Mustafa Sabri ◽  
M. Jalaluddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histological Study ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Ventral Lobe ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Dorsal Lobe ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Monitor Lizard ◽  
Oval Form ◽  
Varanus Salvator ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin

The aim of this research was to determine the anatomy and histology of pancreas of water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator). Two pancreas were used in this research (a male and a female). Water monitor lizard was euthanized using chloroform and subsequently necropsied to collect the pancreas. The pancreas was washed in 0.9 % NaCl solution. Anatomical observations were carried out including location, shape, and color of pancreas, also the length and weight measurements. Then, pancreas was fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 7 days to proceed to histological preparation and hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining. The results of the anatomical observations showed that pancreas of water monitor lizard have two lobes, dorsal lobe (splenic lobe) and ventral lobe (duodenal lobe). Dorsal lobe which was in oval form adhered with the spleen, and ventral lobe was located in the cranial of intestines with the form of long spherical. Both of pancreas lobes were white-yellow color with the length of 1.45±0.64 cm (dorsal lobe) and 7.00±0.42 cm (ventral lobe). Weight of dorsal lobe was 0.15±0.01 g and ventral lobe was 6.35±2.30 g. The histological observations found the acinar cells, ducts, and blood vessels in both of pancreas lobes. Additionally, the similar structure of Langerhans islet only found at the ventral lobe of pancreas. In conclusion, pancreas of water monitor lizard consists of two lobes which located differently. Ventral lobe is larger than the dorsal lobe. Both lobes have similar histological structure except the Langerhans islets are only appeared in the ventral lobe.

scholarly journals Dietary Correlates of Oral and Gut Microbiota in the Water Monitor Lizard, Varanus salvator (Laurenti, 1768)

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Du ◽  
Jun-Qiong Chen ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
Jian-Chao Fu ◽  
Chi-Xian Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Monitor Lizard ◽  
Varanus Salvator ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Monitor Lizards

Numerous studies have demonstrated that food shapes the structure and composition of the host’s oral and gut microbiota. The disorder of oral and gut microbiota may trigger various host diseases. Here, we collected oral and gut samples from wild water monitor lizards (Varanus salvator) and their captive conspecifics fed with bullfrogs, eggs, and depilated chicken, aiming to examine dietary correlates of oral and gut microbiota. We used the 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology to analyze the composition of the microbiota. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota were the dominant phyla in the oral microbiota, and so were in the gut microbiota. The alpha diversity of microbiota was significantly higher in the gut than in the oral cavity, and the alpha diversity of oral microbiota was higher in captive lizards than in wild conspecifics. Comparing the relative abundance of oral and gut bacteria and their gene functions, differences among different animal groups presumably resulted from human contact in artificial breeding environments and complex food processing. Differences in gene function might be related to the absolute number and/or the taxonomic abundance of oral and gut microorganisms in the wild and the water environment. This study provides not only basic information about the oral and gut microbiota of captive and wild water monitor lizards, but also an inference that feeding on frogs and aquatic products and reducing human exposure help water monitor lizards maintain a microbiota similar to that in the wild environment.

Identification of Antibacterial Molecule(s) from Animals Living in Polluted Environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 425-437
Author(s):  
Foo Y.M. Winnie ◽  
Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui ◽  
Kuppusamy Sagathevan ◽  
Naveed A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Heat Inactivation ◽  
Antimicrobial Substances ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Release ◽  
Monitor Lizard ◽  
Bactericidal Effects ◽  
Varanus Salvator ◽  
Monitor Lizards

Background: Snakes feed on germ-infested rodents, while water monitor lizards thrive on rotten matter in unhygienic conditions. We hypothesize that such creatures survive the assault of superbugs and are able to fend off disease by producing antimicrobial substances. In this study, we investigated the potential antibacterial activity of sera/lysates of animals living in polluted environments. Methods: Snake (Reticulatus malayanus), rats (Rattus rattus), water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator), frog (Lithobates catesbeianus), fish (Oreochromis mossambicus), chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus), and pigeon (Columba livia) were dissected and their organ lysates/sera were collected. Crude extracts were tested for bactericidal effects against neuropathogenic E. coli K1, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. To determine whether lysates/sera protect human cells against bacterialmediated damage, cytotoxicity assays were performed by measuring lactate dehydrogenase release as an indicator of cell death. Lysates/sera were partially characterized using heat-treatment and pronasetreatment and peptide sequences were determined using the Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). Results: Snake and water monitor lizard sera exhibited potent broad-spectrum bactericidal effects against all bacteria tested. Heat inactivation and pronase-treatment inhibited bactericidal effects indicating that activity is heat-labile and pronase-sensitive suggesting that active molecules are proteinaceous in nature. LCMS analyses revealed the molecular identities of peptides. Conclusion: The results revealed that python that feeds on germ-infested rodents and water monitor lizards that feed on rotten organic waste possess antibacterial activity in a heat-sensitive manner and several peptides were identified. We hope that the discovery of antibacterial activity in the sera of animals living in polluted environments will stimulate research in finding antibacterial agents from unusual sources as this has the potential for the development of novel strategies in the control of infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Identification of Acanthocephala on Water Monitor Lizard (Varanus salvator) Human Consumed in Sidoarjo

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Ahmad Herdianto Wicaksono ◽  
Emmanuel Djoko Poetranto ◽  
Tatik Hernawati ◽  
Boedi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
The People ◽  
Monitor Lizard ◽  
Varanus Salvator ◽  
Monitor Lizards ◽  
High Possibility

Water monitor lizards are consumed by humans for its meat. The demand this reptile consumption because the taste and belief of the people in healing disease. Based on habitat and food, they have the potential to transmit zoonosis and have a high possibility of being infested by parasites. One of the possible disease that could infect water monitor and transmitted to human is acanthocephaliasis, infection from Acanthocephalan. Which previous research found Acanthocephala on intestine of frog. This research aims to know and identify Acanthochepala worms that infect water monitor lizards. Based on the results, 40 samples were used and there are 2 positive samples with Acanthocephalan in the body cavity.

scholarly journals Micromorphological Structure of Primary Reproductive Organ of Male Water Monitor Lizard (Varanus salvator bivittatus)

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahfud M ◽  
Adi Winarto ◽  
Chairun Nisa
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Columnar Epithelium ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Ductus Deferens ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Circular Smooth Muscle ◽  
Monitor Lizard ◽  
Mucosal Layer ◽  
Varanus Salvator

The study aims to determine the histological structure of the testes, ductus epididymidis and ductus deferens of Varanus salvator bivittatus. The tissue samples were obtained by the histological techniques preparation with thickness section is 3-4 µm then stained using hematoxylineosin(HE)andMasson'sTrichrome(MT).Theresultshowedthattestesarecoveredbytunicavaginalisandtunicaalbuginea(tunicafibrousandtunicavasculosa). Tubulus seminiferous as a parenchyma are found in lobules of testes which are formed by septum as extension of tunicaalbuginea. Tubulus seminiferous is composed by layers of germinal epithelium cells consist of spermatogenia, Sertoli cell, spermatocyte andspermatid which is developed further to be spermatozoa in the lumen of tubulus. Among the tubulus seminiferous, there are groups of epithelioidcells called Leydig cells. The end of tubulus seminiferous formed ductus epididymidis which then ended up and known as ductus deferens.Epididymis is covered by dense connective tissue. Ductus epididymidis is divided into three segments: cranial, medial and caudal. It is lined bypseudostratified columnar epithelium which is varied in its thickness, amount and diameter of lumen. Lumen of the ductus deferens was lined bypseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium and thin muscularis mucosal layer and thick circular smooth muscle were covered externally.Key words: Varanus salvator bivittatus, testes, ductus epididymidis, ductus deferens, micromorphology 

scholarly journals Sparganosis (Spirometra spp.) in Asian Water Monitor (Varanus salvator): A medical implications for veterinarians, breeders, and consumers

2021 ◽  
pp. 2482-2487
Author(s):  
Aditya Yudhana ◽  
Ratih Novita Praja ◽  
Anjani Marisa Kartikasari
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
Local Conservation ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Monitor Lizard ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Varanus Salvator ◽  
Monitor Lizards ◽  
Asian Water

Background and Aim: The high prevalence of sparganosis has been reported globally, especially in Asian countries where the majority of individuals consume raw meat from wild-caught reptiles. In Indonesia, similar cases regarding the high prevalence of sparganosis were recorded from wild reptiles such as snakes that utilized for culinary purposes, whereas, there are no data regarding other species such as water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator), which also provided as daily culinary with a high number of trades. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the prevalence of sparganosis in water monitor lizard (V. salvator), which is frequently utilized as culinary products in East Java Province, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: A total of 313 living wild-caught and captive-bred Asian water monitor lizards were collected from the reptile markets and breeders. All samples were euthanized and observed for the presence of plerocercoid. Identification of the plerocercoid as larval infective stage was made using carmine staining method. Results: The total prevalence of sparganosis was recorded at 69.64%. A total of 393 plerocercoids were collected in which divided 280 (71.24%) infecting muscles and 113 (28.75%) located in subcutaneous tissues. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this study not only recorded as the first evidence but also confirms the role of monitor lizards as sparganosis transmitters in Asia and reveals additional routes of sparganosis transmission in Indonesian reptiles. Local conservation laws should be strengthened to effectively control or ban wildlife trade in traditional markets. Moreover, public awareness regarding sparganosis as a neglected zoonotic disease should be applied to prevent disease transmission in Indonesia.

Study Anatomy of Vertebrae Caudalis Asiatic Water Monitor (Varanus salvator)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 109-112
Author(s):  
Rakhmiyati ◽  
Muhammad Jafar Luthfi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Asian Continent ◽  
Caudal Vertebrae ◽  
Monitor Lizard ◽  
Varanus Salvator ◽  
Stereo Microscope ◽  
Monitor Lizards

Asiatic water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator) is a type of reptile that can be found in several countries on the Asian continent. In Indonesia this species can be found in the Sunda plain (Java, Bali and Nusa Tenggara) and Maluku (the Sula and Obi islands). Asiatic water monitor lizard is long tailed reptile. The functions of tail as a movement aid, to maintain balance, a place to store energy, sexual appearance, and reproduction. The caudalis vertebrae in asiatic water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator) has a structure consisting of centrum, processus, cotyle, condilus, and constriction area. To observe the caudal vertebrae in monitor lizards the experiment was done by cleaning all the sticky tissue, then observed using a stereo microscope with a magnification of 0.8X. The result showed that blood vessels and nerve tissue were protected by sturdy bones.

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