scholarly journals Retrospective Photogrammetry in Greek Archaeology

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 607-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Allan Bruce Wallace
Keyword(s):  
3D Models ◽  
The State ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Excavation ◽  
State Prison ◽  
Greek Archaeology ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Right ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

This paper addresses the advantages as well as the obstacles in practicing photogrammetry based on archival photos of archaeological sites and examines how the results can be put to use for further research, preservation, restoration and monitoring rates of deterioration. While the extensive use of historic aerial photographs has been applied to photogrammetric modeling, archaeological excavation archives have been largely ignored. Historically archaeological excavations have been vigorously documented photographically and many of these photographs are available in archives. Not all photo archives are suitable for photogrammetry as they were not photographed with the intention of overlap and other photogrammetric qualities. By selectively choosing photographs with common points and manipulating exposures, cropping and other properties to enhance commonality, 3D models of past structures and excavations can allow us to revisit them, produce accurate measurements and view angles that were never photographed. Some sites are still available for modern comparison and surveying, allowing us to quantitatively compare conditions at the time of excavation with the current state of those sites. Given the right treatment, retrospective photogrammetry will have impacts in the preservation, restoration and monitoring of the deterioration of archaeological sites. Examples from the Athenian Agora: the state prison and Omega House, and Ancient Corinth: the Fountain of the Lamps, will be used to demonstrate these possibilities. 

The State of the Law on Euthanasia in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Moni Wekesa ◽  
Martin Awori
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Right To Die ◽  
Criminal Offence ◽  
Dual Effect ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Law ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The Right

The general position of the law on euthanasia worldwide is that all states recognise their duty to preserve life. Courts in various jurisdictions have refused to interpret the 'right to life' or the 'right to dignity' to also include the 'right to die'. Instead, they have held that the state has a duty to protect life. Three categories can however be noted. At one extreme are those countries that have totally criminalised any appearance of euthanasia. In the middle are countries that prohibit what appears to be active euthanasia while at the same time tolerating 'dual-effect' treatment and withdrawal of artificial feeding. At the other extreme are countries that allow euthanasia. Even in this last category of countries, there are stringent guidelines embedded in the law to prevent a situation of 'free for all'. Anecdotal evidence, some empirical studies and case law seem to suggest that euthanasia goes on in many countries irrespective of the law. Euthanasia is a criminal offence in Kenya. However, there have been no empirical studies to ascertain whether euthanasia goes on in spite of the law. This article surveys the current state of the practice of euthanasia globally and narrows down to elaborate on the state of affairs in Kenya.

scholarly journals UAV SURVEY FOR THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL MAP OF <i>LILYBAEUM</i> (MARSALA, ITALY)

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W11 ◽  
pp. 495-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ebolese ◽  
M. Lo Brutto ◽  
G. Dardanelli
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Excavation ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
Field Campaigns ◽  
Archaeological Areas

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Collecting information and mapping are fundamental aspects of systematic archaeological excavation, documentation and interpretation. The process of recording physical evidence is the first step in the archaeological study with the goal to derive spatial and semantic information from the gathered and available data. Archaeological reports always include 2D maps, sections, data distribution and other spatial data. Indeed, the representation is inseparable from the archaeological practice, but this is undoubtedly a time-consuming activity. Nowadays, archaeologists can take advantages of various recording techniques to produce highly accurate 3D models and ortho-images of archaeological sites. Far from replacing the more traditional techniques, the development of new geomatics techniques tries to answer, in a more efficient way, to the needs of archaeological research. The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) has become more popular in archaeological excavations. In particular, UAV systems become a useful, versatile and cost-effective approach to record large archaeological areas in order to measure and completely document them. They are the fastest way to produce high-resolution 3D models of entire sites and allow archaeologists to collect accurate spatial data that can be used for spatial analyses using GIS platform. The paper presents the results of several UAV surveys of the archaeological remains of <i>Lilybaeum</i>, the ancient city of Marsala (Southern Italy), performed in the Archaeological Park of “Lilibeo”. The UAV acquisitions were planned and carried out to complete the previous traditional documentation of the site. Very detailed 3D models and high-resolution ortho-images, together with some new field campaigns, have been used for new analysis and documentation of the site and for the realization of the archaeological map of <i>Lilybaeum</i>.</p>

scholarly journals THE INSTRUMENTS OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL PROVISION FOR THE REALIZATION OF THE RIGHT TO A SAFE AND HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
V. V. Polubatko
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Provision ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Right

The article is focused on determining the instruments of administrative and legal provision for the realization of the right to a safe and healthy environment by individuals and formulating the propositions to improve the normative and legal regulation of the procedures of their application. The author of the article has established the state of scientific developments concerning the realization of the citizens’ right to a safe and healthy environment and the instruments of its administrative and legal provision. The concept of administrative and legal provision and its instruments have been revealed. The functions of public administration subjects assigned to them in the field of environmental protection have been highlighted; the shortcomings of their normative and legal regulation have been determined; and the ways of their solution have been suggested. The author has named the types of instruments of administrative and legal provision for the realization of the right to a safe and healthy environment by individuals and their certain characteristics. The system of normative and legal acts regulating the procedures for their use has been studied. The current state of normative and legal regulation of the application of the instrument of administrative and legal provision for the realization of the right to a safe and healthy environment by individuals has been clarified; and propositions and recommendations regarding the ways of its improvement have been formulated. In particular, a number of specific problems that are to be obligatory solved has been defined: lack of procedures of public administration activities and a normative act that would introduce unified rules for the application of the instruments of public administration activities; contradictions and inaccuracies that exist in the current normative and legal acts; validity of normative acts adopted with violation of powers.

Archaeological Heritage

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Inglese ◽  
Mario Docci ◽  
Alfonso Ippolito
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
The State ◽  
Virtual Instruments ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Objective Representation

Architects have been involved in the task of representing archaeology and archaeological sites for many years now. Their objective has invariably been to make the reading of the artifact more detailed and accurate to scholars of archaeology. The advent of informatics brought a significant step forward in the domain of representation in this field. To recall that representation of archaeology should restore artifacts of which only fragments of walls remain, often in ruin and with degraded surfaces which often do not follow the geometry of the original artifact any longer. Therefore, in order to obtain objective representation with a highly detailed documentation of the state of the surfaces, three dimensional methodologies of digitalization were applied, ones that made it possible to construct 3D models. Addressed in this chapter is the problem of how to communicate architectonic archaeology with virtual instruments. The subject researched includes both very well-preserved examples as well as ones of which merely vestiges remain.

scholarly journals Dois pesos, duas medidas: a aplicação da necessidade e da proporcionalidade no jus ad bellum

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (41) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Macedo ◽  
Marinês Assmann
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Armed Attack ◽  
Customary International Law ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Right

RESUMOEstabelecido no artigo 51 da Carta das Nações Unidas, o direito à legítima defesa não é absoluto, devendo o Estado-vítima de ataque armado respeitar os requisitos pré-determinados pela estrutura legal internacional. Os princípios da necessidade e proporcionalidade da defesa exercem função primordial nesse sentido, uma vez que, segundo o direito costumeiro internacional, o Estado deve conformar sua conduta a eles. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo estabelecer o atual estado da arte no que respeita à necessidade e à proporcionalidade, como limitadoras do direito à legítima defesa no direito internacional público. Os mencionados princípios, apesar de bem consolidados e de fazerem parte do direito consuetudinário internacional, não têm seus contornos bem delimitados, causando discordâncias entre a prática estatal e a doutrina. PALAVRAS-CHAVEDireito internacional público. Legítima defesa. Necessidade. Proporcionalidade. ABSTRACTThe right to self-defense, established in the article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations, is not absolute, and the State victimized by an armed attack must comply with the requirements determined by the international legal framework. In this sense, the principles of necessity and proportionality of the defense play a primary role since, according to customary international law, the State must shape its conduct to these principles. The present work aims to outline the current state of the art of necessity and proportionality as limits to the right to self-defense in public international law. These principles, although well-established and part of international customary law, do not have their boundaries well-defined, causing disagreements between State practices and doctrine. KEYWORDSPublic international law. Self-defense. Necessity. Proportionality.

Maximum cross section method in the filtering problem for continuous systems with Markovian switching

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-137
Author(s):  
Tatyana A. Averina ◽  
Konstantin A. Rybakov
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Random Time ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Continuous Systems ◽  
Random Structure ◽  
Solution Algorithms ◽  
Current State ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
The Right ◽  
Filtering Problem

Abstract New solution algorithms of optimal filtering problem are proposed for systems with random structure and continuous time. This problem consists in estimating the current state of system based on the results of measurements. The mathematical model of the system includes nonlinear stochastic differential equations whose right-hand side determines the structure of the dynamic system or mode of operation. The right-hand side may vary at random time moments. The number of structures of the system is assumed to be finite and the process of changing the structure to be Markov or conditionally Markov. The state vector of such system consists of two components, namely, a vector with real coordinates and an integer structure number. The law of change of the structure number is determined by the distribution of the random time interval between switchings with a given intensity dependent on the state of system.

scholarly journals The state of burial mounds in Ust’-Kalmansky and Loktevsky districts of the Altai Territory (monitoring results)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 159-162
Author(s):  
A. N. Telegin ◽  
◽  
N. N. Golovchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
Current State ◽  
Burial Mounds

The article publishes observations in 2020 and 2021 on the condition of burial mounds located on the territory of Ust’-Kalmansky and Loktevsky districts of the Altai Territory. The surveyed archaeological sites are located on two geographically similar, but significantly remote from each other territories, which gives us the opportunity to compare the state of the archaeological heritage of these areas. The comparison of the current state of the burial mounds was carried out with the results of mapping and monitoring of archaeological sites of Ust’-Kalmansky and Loktevsky districts carried out in 1991–1994 by P. I. Shulga and S. M. Sitnikov. The disappointing dynamics of the state of the objects of archaeological heritage of these territories has been traced.

scholarly journals Clay figurine of an owl of the Lower Pritobolye

2021 ◽  
pp. 133-146
Author(s):  
Natalia Turova
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Siberian Region ◽  
Cultural Affiliation ◽  
Long Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Functional Purpose ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

The object of this research is the clay figurine of an owl discovered in the course of archaeological excavations in the Yurtobor 9 hillfort on the right bank of the Tobol River. The goal lies in introduction of in the scientific discourse of the new unique sample of small clay plastic, as well as in preliminary determination of the functional purpose of the item. The following tasks were set: morphological and stylistic description of the item; description of the context of discovery of the figurine; establishment of the chronological framework of existence of the item, its cultural affiliation; familiarization with the history of studying the regional clay figurines in the Russian archaeological science; search for analogies in the archaeological sites of Siberia and other territories; assessment of the semantic connotation of the image of an owl in the traditional culture of Ob Ugrians (Khanty and Mansi). To article employs the traditional methods, such as comparative-historical, typological, comparative-typological, formal-stylistic, semantic methods, as well as method of analogies. As a result of the conducted research, the clay figurine of an owl is attributed to the Yudinskaya archaeological culture and dated within the framework of the XI &ndash; XII centuries. It is established that it is the only item in Western Siberian region depicting a bird in the technique of small clay plastic. Based on the analysis of ethnographic literature and medieval archaeological finds, it is established that for a long period of time, the image of an owl had positive semantic connotation due to its high sacred status. The author assumes on the use of figurine of an owl in religious rites associated with hearth and home.

scholarly journals Identification of nurse work safety measures used in emergency service during pandemic in the state of Goiás, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Everson Faria ◽  
Isabelle Arão ◽  
Helder Simões ◽  
Diogo Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Service ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
The State ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Current State ◽  
Nursing Team ◽  
The Face ◽  
Individual Protection ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Due to the Nurses performance in the front line to combat COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, the exposure of these healthcare professionals has become a health and safety problem in the professional sphere. The objective of the present work was to identify the existing safety measures to protect the nursing team in the Health System. Methods A survey was conducted in October 2020 through an online platform to 89 professionals nurses working in municipalities in the state of Goiás, Brazil, on the front lines in the fight against COVID-19. Results 83.1% reported that they received training to deal with the pandemic. 68.2% of the participants do not have the right to use the refusal of activity in the face of a situation that jeopardized their health. The majority of the sample (56.2%) claimed to have had no psychological support, have worked under pressure (62.9%) and have contact with an infected patient (89.9%). The results identified several safety measures implemented to protect the nursing team: training, distribution, use and control of Individual protection equipment PPE; existence of a prevention commission, security dialogue meetings; informational communication about the pandemic and the existence of a cleaning and hygiene team. Conclusions The research concluded that there is still a lack of adherence to various safety measures in daily activities, once isolated measures do not minimize exposure and/or contagion. Despite collective measures being not enough to protect the nursing team, they are the most recommended at the current state of knowledge.

scholarly journals CURRENT STATE OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL REGULATION OF PENSION PROVISIONS OF PERSONS DISMISSED FROM MILITARY SERVICE

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana P. Makarova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Administrative Services ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Right

This article is devoted to the study of the current state of administrative and legal regulation of pensions of persons discharged from military service. The analysis of acts of the legislation of Ukraine, which regulate administrative and legal relations in the field of pension provision of the persons discharged from military service, in particular appointment and recalculation of pensions is carried out. The organizational and legal mechanism for ensuring and fulfilling Ukraine�s obligations regarding the constitutional rights to pensions of persons discharged from military service, as well as ways to improve it, is revealed. Problematic issues that arise in persons discharged from military service when applying to the competent authorities for the issuance of certificates confirming the right to a pension, and which confirm the right to recalculation of pensions. Problems when such persons apply to the bodies of the Pension Fund of Ukraine with applications for appointment and/or recalculation of pensions are also analysed. The causes of problems for persons discharged from military service regarding the appointment and/or recalculation of pensions are being studied, provided that a large number of normative documents are adopted by the state to regulate these issues. The urgency of the study lies in the need to regulate national legislation in the field of implementation of constitutional rights to pensions of persons discharged from military service in accordance with the concept of administrative and legal reform in Ukraine. This study substantiates the need to create and adopt a codified act � the Pension Code of Ukraine, which will promote the effectiveness of administrative and legal norms in the field of social protection of persons, including persons discharged from military service. The following editions were made during the writing of the articles. Public administration in the field of social and pension provision provides for the implementation of administrative procedures through open public activities, the use of clear legal instruments of democratic governance, streamlining public activities and providing administrative services to citizens to help realize their rights and freedoms. The norms formed within the framework of administrative law within the framework of the greatest development of the state-centric approach today play the role of a synergizing catalyst for the formalization of legal norms in various socio-economic spheres. The emergence of a new system of Ukrainian law on the division in accordance with the use, as a science, areas of law and practical law enforcement activities is now fully consistent with modern realities.

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