Evaluation of some Genetic Parameters of Grain Yield and some of its Characters of an Individual Soft Wheat Hybrid (Triticumaestivum L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Nizar Harba ◽  
◽  
Walid Alek ◽  
Leila Al dahhak
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Wheat Hybrid

scholarly journals Evaluation of new promising varieties of soft winter wheat breeding NSC "Institute of agriculture NAAS" for valuable economic traits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Golodna ◽  
◽  
L. Holyk ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
High Yields

Winter soft wheat is one of the most important crops. New varieties of wheat should be characterized by a set of valuable economic characteristics, but the most relevant is the creation of varieties with high yields and grain quality, resistant to a complex of diseases and other negative factors. The aim of the study was to evaluate new promising varieties of winter soft wheat breeding of the NSC "Institute of Agriculture NAAS" for grain yield, winter hardiness, disease resistance and grain quality. Experimental studies were conducted at the NSC "Institute of Agriculture NAAS" in 2016-2020, research fields are located in the Fastiv district of Kyiv region. Different weather conditions over the years of research have contributed to a better and more comprehensive assessment of varieties on a set of valuable economic characteristics. During field experiments, the generally accepted technology of growing winter wheat was used. The area of the competitive variety testing site was 20.0 m2, repeated four times. Field, measuring and weighing, laboratory and mathematical and statistical methods were used during the research. In 2018, new varieties of soft winter wheat Krasunia Poliska, Mokosha, Pyriatynka, Fortetsia Poliska, Efektna and in 2020 the variety Zemlerob were transferred to the Ukrainian Institute of Plant Variety Examination for qualification examination. Varieties created in NSC "Institute of Agriculture NAAS" by the method of hybridization using as parent components varieties and lines of local and foreign breeding. The variety Krasunia Poliska, belongs to the Lutescens type, is characterized by high drought resistance, resistance to lodging, germination on stumps, grain shedding. The Mokosha variety, belongs to the Lutescens type, has high drought resistance, is resistant to lodging, germination on stumps and grain shedding. Variety Pyriatynka, belongs to the Lutescens type, has high drought resistance, resistance to lodging, germination on the stump, shedding. Fortetsia Poliska, belongs to the Alborbrum type, is characterized by high drought resistance, resistance to lodging, germination on the stump and shedding of grain. Variety Efektna, belongs to the Erythrospermum type, is short (plant height 64-80 cm), characterized by high drought resistance, resistance to lodging, germination on the stump, shedding. The variety of winter soft wheat Zemlerob, belongs to the Lutescens type, has high drought resistance, resistant to lodging, germination on the stump, shedding of grain. The highest grain yield on average over the years of testing was obtained in the variety Fortetsia Poliska - 7.31 t / ha, varieties Pyriyatynka and Zemlerob with indicators of 7.10 and 7.06 t / ha, respectively, were distinguished by high yields. The yields of Mokosha, Effektna and Krasunia Poliska ranged from 6.27 to 6.95 t / ha. According to the increased winter hardiness, the best varieties are Pyriatynka, Krasunia Poliska, Mokosha and Efektna with a score of 8.0-8.2 points. In the varieties Fortetsia Poliska and Zemlerob the score for winter hardiness was 7.8-7.9 points. Estimation of powdery mildew showed that the maximum percentage of lesions on average over the years of research was found in the variety Mokosha (25.5%). As the most stable selected varieties Efektna, Lisova pisnia, Pyriatynka and Fortetsia Poliska (1.7-11.6%). In terms of resistance to brown rust, all varieties showed high resistance, the damage did not exceed 8.0%. The most stable variety was Efektna (0.3%). The greatest damage to winter wheat varieties was found in leaf septoria, which ranged from 19.0 to 39.3%. The greatest resistance to this disease is determined in the cultivar Zemlerob. New wheat varieties should also be characterized by high levels of protein, gluten and other valuable traits that ensure grain quality. The highest protein content was determined in the grains of the varieties Efektna (11.67%), Mokosha (11.62%) and Krasuni Poliska (11.54%). According to the increased content of gluten, the varieties Krasunia Poliska, Lisova pisnia, Mokosha (19.22-19.66%) were distinguished. According to the highest indicators of sedimentation, the varieties Krasunia Poliska, Pyriatynka and Mokosha (34.50-34.84 %) should be noted, these varieties are also the best in terms of a comprehensive assessment of grain quality. New varieties of soft winter wheat Krasunia Poliska, Mokosha, Pyryatynka, Fortetsia Poliska, Efektna and Zemlerob breedibg of NSC "Institute of Agriculture NAAS" are characterized by high grain yield (up to 7.31 t / ha), increased winter hardiness and disease resistance, as well as good indicators of grain quality: protein content - up to 11.67%; gluten - up to 19.66%. The introduction of these varieties into production will allow to obtain high yields of quality grain.

scholarly journals Estimate of genetic parameters and predicted gains with early selection of physic nut families

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Galvêas Laviola ◽  
Alexandre Alonso Alves ◽  
Fábio de Lima Gurgel ◽  
Tatiana Barbosa Rosado ◽  
Rhayanne Dias Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Early Selection ◽  
Physic Nut ◽  
Genetic Gains ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Selection Of

An initial evaluation of early selection of physic nut genotypes based on phenotypic data is presented. In order to predict the genetic gains with early selection, genetic parameters, e.g. additive genetic variance, were first obtained for grain yield along with other numerous traits. The results demonstrated that additive genetic variance exists not only for grain yield, which is considered to be the most important trait for oil and biodiesel production, but also for numerous other traits. The predicted genetic gains for grain yield, considering the selection of the 30, 20, 10 and 5 best families in the second crop year are respectively, 40.47, 48.43, 61.78 and 70.28%. With the selection of highly yielding physic nut genotypes indirectly genotypes with enhanced volume would be also selected, because yield exhibits moderate to high genetic correlations with height e canopy volume. The results here presented demonstrate the potential of the population gathered in the Brazilian physic nut germplasm bank for genetic breeding purposes and that superior physic nut families can be selected with high accuracy based on the evaluation of its second crop.

scholarly journals Optimizing Genetic Parameters of CSM-CERES Wheat and CSM-CERES Maize for Durum Wheat, Common Wheat, and Maize in Italy

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 665
Author(s):  
Mereu ◽  
Gallo ◽  
Spano
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Management Options

The expected increase in population and the pressure posed by climate change on agricultural production require the assessment of future yield levels and the evaluation of the most suitable management options to minimize climate risk and promote sustainable agricultural production. Crop simulation models are widely applied tools to predict crop development and production under different management practices and environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to parameterize CSM-CERES-Wheat and CSM-CERES-Maize models, implemented in the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) software, to predict phenology and grain yield of durum wheat, common wheat, and maize in different Italian environments. A 10-year (2001–2010) dataset was used to optimize the genetic parameters for selected varieties of each species and to evaluate the models considering several statistical indexes. The generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation method, and trial and error approach were used to optimize the cultivar-specific parameters of these models. Results show good model performances in reproducing crop phenology and yield for the analyzed crops, especially with the parameters optimized with the trial and error procedure. Highly significant (p ≤ 0.001) correlations between observed and simulated data were found for both anthesis and yield in model calibration and evaluation (p ≤ 0.01 for grain yield of maize in model evaluation). Root mean square error (RMSE) values range from six to nine days for anthesis and from 1.1 to 1.7 t ha-1 for crop yield and index of agreement (d-index) from 0.96 to 0.98 for anthesis and from 0.8 to 0.87 for crop yield. The set of genetic parameters obtained for durum wheat, common wheat, and maize may be applied in further analyses at field, regional, and national scales to guide operational (farmers), strategic, and tactical (policy makers) decisions.

scholarly journals Selection value of new spring triticale varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (98) ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
V. V. Liubych ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Spring Triticale ◽  
Sowing Period ◽  
Very High

Aim. To study the selection value of new spring triticale varieties according to the main economic and valuable properties (duration of the growing season, plant height, lodging resistance, resistance to diseases, tillering coefficient, grain weight from one ear, grain yield). Methods. Laboratory, mathematical and statistical, physical. Results. The duration of the growing season of spring triticale was longer compared to wheat. Thus, it was the longest in 2015–122 days, in 2014–112, and in 2013–102 days or 3–9 days more compared to wheat, except for 2014 in which the duration of the growing season of spring wheat was 117 days. This figure did not change depending on the variety of spring triticale over the years of research. The shorter growing season of spring triticale in 2013 was apparently due to the later sowing period. On average, over three years of research, the height of spring triticale plants varied from 99 to 105 cm depending on the variety. Triticale spring exceeded soft spring wheat by 2–8 %. However, Heritage durum wheat plants were the highest. This figure has changed significantly over the years of research. Thus, the highest plants were in the favourable 2014 – 108–129 cm, the shortest in the less favourable 2013 – 85–92 cm, and in 2015 – 100–106 cm. Spring triticale plants had the highest resistance to pathogens of leaf spot in 2015. In 2014, the intensity of their defeat was at the level of 4.0–4.5% with the resistance of 9 points. Triticale spring significantly exceeded the plants of both types of wheat in this respect. On the average for three years of researches, the coefficient of general spring triticale tillering made 1.56–1.65 depending on the variety. This indicator was at the level of durum wheat and 9–14 % lower than that of soft wheat. The productive tillering coefficient was 10–15 % lower than that of soft wheat. Of the five varieties of spring triticale, the highest grain yield was obtained for the cultivation of Kharkiv Oberih variety – 6.12 t/ha. Yields of Kharkiv Lebid, Kharkiv Sontsedar and Kharkiv Korovai varieties were 18–22 % higher compared to soft wheat and 7–11 % higher than durum wheat. Conclusions. Indicators of growth and development of spring triticale plants and grain yield change significantly depending on the variety and weather conditions of the growing season. The duration of the growing seasom of spring triticale is 102–122 days. Plants can be medium and very tall, lodging resistance varies from 5 to 9 points. Triticale spring has a very high resistance to main fungal diseases. Grain yield is 4.93–6.12 t/ha depending on the genotype. To obtain a high and stable grain yield, it is necessary to grow Kharkiv Korovai and Kharkiv Oberih spring triticale varieties.

scholarly journals SOURCES OF VALUABLE TRAITS FOR BREEDING SPRING SOFT WHEAT IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Elena Demina ◽  
Aleksandr Kincharov ◽  
Tat'yana Taranova ◽  
Ol'ga Mullayanova ◽  
Kristina Chekmasova
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Traits For Breeding

The work was carried out in 2018-2019 in the forest-steppe zone of Samara region. The purpose of the research is to conduct study samples of collection nursery of various ecological and geographical origins and identify new sources of economically valuable traits for breeding in the forest – steppe of the Middle Volga region. The material for research was 352 collection samples of spring soft wheat, including 108 foreign varieties and hybrids and 244 domestic samples of breeding institutions of the Russian Federation. Meteorological conditions during the research years were quite severe, and vegetation took place in arid and acutely arid conditions (hydrothermal coefficient in 2018 – 0.51, in 2019 – 0.48, with a long-term value in the region of 0.73). The greatest variability over the years of research was observed in the indicators of grain yield of samples (Сv=23.9...27.5 %) and plants height (Сv=10.8...12.9 %). According to the research results, 30 new genetic sources of economically valuable traits of spring soft wheat were identified. Sources of precocity (period of shoots-earing 35...37 days): Uralskaya kukushka, Chelyaba rannyaya, Tyumenskaya 25, Lutescens 70, Odeta, Libertina, Chi Mai, Long Fu 7, M83-1551. Sources of short stems (plants height 40...45 cm): KWS Torridon, KWS Jetstream, Florens, Eleganza, Long Fu 13. Sources of consistently high productivity (grain yield 415...554 g/m2, and the yield increase over the standard 71...210 g/m2): Erythrospermum 4089, Grekum 5523, Lutescens 6029, Lutescens 6074/6-23, Lutescens 6102/1-32, Lutescens 6102/1-34 Erythrospermum 6517/24-1, Ekada 214, Burlak, Ulyanovskaya 105, Lebedushka, Saratovskaya 73. Sources of high protein content (15.4...16.7 %) and gluten (36.0...42.0 %) in grain: Erythrospermum 3898, Erythrospermum 4112, Erythrospermum 4171, Erythrospermum 5289

scholarly journals Conjugacy of yield and its structural elements in spring soft wheat samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-484
Author(s):  
Irina F. Demina
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Correlation Dependence ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Genotypic Correlations

The article presents an analysis of genotypic correlations between the yield of 33 variety samples of spring soft wheat and elements of its structure in the conditions of Penza region, the degree of variability of agronomic valuable traits during the years of research (2018-2020) has been determined. It has been established, that the low-varying agronomic valuable traits (CV = 7.8-9.9 %) include the wheat ear length, number of spikelets in the ear, weight of 1000 grains; moderately varying traits (СV = 13.8-15.6 %) include productive bushiness capacity, the number of grains in the ear and weight of grains in one ear; highly-varying traits (СV = 21.7-22.7 %) include the number of grains per ear and weight of the grain per ear. A strong positive interrelation has been established between the yield of spring soft wheat and the number of grains per ear (r = 0.706...0.816) and weight of grain per ear (r = 0.754...0.875). There has been revealed an average positive interrelation between the yield and the weight of ears (r = 0.467...0.621), the number of spikelets per ear (r = 0.358...0.582), the number of grains per plant (r = 0.446...0.541) and the weight of grain per plant (r = 0.309...0.608). The correlation dependence of yield on productive bushiness (r = 0.091…0.415), ear length (r = 0.074…0.503) and weight of 1000 grains (r = 0.193…0.583) turned out to be unstable. Thus, the formation of grain yield was influenced by the number of grains per ear and the weight of grain per ear. The analysis showed the degree of influence of various elements of productivity on the formation of yield of spring soft wheat variety samples that provides a more targeted selection in the breeding process.

scholarly journals Estimates of genetic parameters for grain yield, various yield components and some quality traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 459-465
Author(s):  
Gaurav Kamboj ◽  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Devi Singh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Kernel Length ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Excellent Candidate ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

A study was conducted during two crop season (Kharif, 2011-12 and 2012-13) for estimating the genetic parameters by involving 10 parents and their 45 F1s in rice crop. The estimates of h2 (overall dominance effects) were positive and significant for days to 50 % flowering (9.11), days to maturity (0.24), plant height (2.95), panicle length1(39), productive tillers per plant (3.22), branches per panicle (5.61), flag leaf area (5.50), 1000-grain weight (0.27), biological yield (7.35) and amylose content (1.03) which indicated dominance of genetic components in F1s crosses. The theoretical value (0.25) of (H2/4H1) for all the traits except kernel length and amylose content indicated the asymmetrical distribution of positive and negative genes in the parents. The proportion of dominant and recessive alleles for panicle length, productive tillers, branches per panicle, 1000 grain weight, biological yield, kernel length and L/B ratio reflected more dominant alleles, whereas for days to 50 % flowering, days to maturity, plant height, grains per panicle, flag leaf area, grain yield, harvest index, kernel breadth, kernel length after cooking, elongation ratio, amylose content and hulling %, reflected more recessive alleles in the parents. The estimates of specific combining ability (SCA) effects revealed that the cross Vallabh Basmati 21 x Pusa 1121 could be an excellent candidate for improving grain yield (1.52**), harvest index (1.86**) and flag leaf area (6.20**) whereas Pusa 1121 x CSR 10 is excellent candidate for panicle length (0.89**) and amylose content (1.54**). The characters showing more than 60 % narrow sense heritability along with positive and significant correlation with each other and also with grain yield could be rewarding for further improvement of yield and quality in rice. Therefore, these parental lines can be used as donors in future by following bi-parental mating and the diallel selective mating system could be the best breeding method in an early segregating generation for improvement in these traits in rice crop.

scholarly journals Genetic progress in maize from advanced cycles of reciprocal recurrent selection through REML/BLUP

2020 ◽  
pp. 1295-1301
Author(s):  
José Arantes Ferreira Júnior ◽  
Gabriel Moreno Bernardo Gonçalves ◽  
Jocarla Ambrosim Crevelari ◽  
Julio Cesar Fiorio Vettorazzi ◽  
Vivane Mirian Lanhellas Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Reciprocal Recurrent Selection ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Advanced Cycles ◽  
Selection Of

Breeding methods such as reciprocal recurrent selection (RRS) is very important alternative to breeders. This strategy, besides allowing continuous genetic progress, helps maintaining the genetic variability of populations. The aim of the present study was to estimate genetic parameters, as well as to predict selection gains in advanced cycles of reciprocal recurrent selection of maize progenies through mixed models. Two selection cycles were considered. We evaluated 196 and 169 progenies in the 15 and 16 cycles, respectively. The yield potential of the progenies was evaluated from the following characteristics: grain yield, number of ears, weight of ears and weight of 100 seeds. The estimate of variance components and the prediction of genetic values were based on the REML/BLUP method. Overall, the genetic parameters were increased in the 16th cycle estimates compared to the previous cycle. It is worth highlighting that heritability coefficient for the grain yield was (0.81) in the 16th cycle, since it resulted in 21% of selection gain. Results showed that, even after sixteen recurrent selection cycles, the populations under selection have high potential for satisfactory genetic gains.

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