ELECTRONIC START-UP DEVICE FOR FEEDING AMALGAM LAMPS

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
S. A. Mikaeva
Keyword(s):  
Discharge Current ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Phase Voltage ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Cooling Devices ◽  
Sinusoidal Current

The article describes the devices of electronic start-up control apparatuses for feeding amalgam bactericidal lamps of various series. Technical and electrical characteristics are given, and single and group designs of electronic controlled starting and cooling devices are described. The types of wires in the types of connections of various designs of electronic start-up devices that supply lamps with a highly stable sinusoidal current with a frequency of 43 – 50 kHz are presented. Providing heating of the electrodes before starting the set current, “lighting” of lamps and with high accuracy supporting the discharge current of lamps with fluctuations in the phase voltage of the network from 180 to 250 V, providing all types of protection in normal and abnormal operating modes.

scholarly journals Corona Discharge Properties Near Metal and Dielectric Surface

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 3662-3665
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Corona Discharge ◽  
Discharge Current ◽  
Ferrous Metal ◽  
Dielectric Surface ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Corona Discharges ◽  
Industrial Gases ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Discharge Method

This following research of the properties of a coronary discharge has a serious impact on the study of metallurgy. There are a lot of cases of practical use of the corona discharge functions. An example is the creation of electrostatic precipitators for the purification of industrial gases from solid and liquid particles. Using the corona discharge method, for example, smoke is cleaned in the production of sulfuric acid, air in non-ferrous metal foundries and other harmful industries. Shape of the corona discharge made utilizing cone shaped and round and hollow terminals was examined. The most electrical characteristics of discharge of this type are decided. Corona discharges are characterized by weak currents within the extend of one microampere at voltages on the arrange of 10 kilovolts and adequately week gleam discharge. Electric fluctuations within the discharge current circuit within the extend 1 kHz-120 MHz are enlisted. To think about the oscillatory forms, there were used electric and attractive tests, signals from which were sent to the Tektronix TDS 2024B oscilloscope working within the frequency analyzer mode. The electrical tests were spoken to by metal poles 1-10 cm in length and 4-5 mm in diameter. As magnetic tests, there were used coils (diameter 2-4 mm, number of turns 70-140, wire thickness 0.1 mm) set in protective dielectric walled in areas. These tests were located at a separate of 0.5-1.0 m from the release. Possible waves in plasma are suggested to explain these oscillations.

scholarly journals DYNAMIC LOAD REDUCTION DEVICE IN MACHINE DRIVE WITH SPRING AND SELECTION OF ITS PARAMETERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 297 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
Yuri Kovalyov ◽  
◽  
Sergey Pleshko ◽  
Evgeny Lopukhov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Loads ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Process Equipment ◽  
Technological Equipment ◽  
Light Industry ◽  
Torsion Spring ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Dynamic Loadings ◽  
Selection Of

The peculiarity of the technological equipment of light industry is the significant dynamic loads that occur during unstable operating modes and is one of the main reasons for reducing the reliability and durability of its operation. The problem of increasing the reliability and durability of their work by reducing the dynamic loads is relevant, because the known means of reducing the dynamic loads in the drive of machines can not always be used in light industry machines. Therefore, when designing light industry equipment, first of all, attention should be paid to reducing the dynamic loads in the drive and preventing accidents. The paper considers the feasibility of using a device with a torsion spring to reduce the dynamic loads in the drive of process equipment, check its performance and develop a method for selecting rational parameters. In the course of work modern methods of researches of mechanical systems are used for the purpose of an estimation of expediency of use of the device with a torsion spring for reduction of starting dynamic loadings in the drive of machine. On the basis of the analysis of features of work of the technological equipment of light industry the expediency of use in the drive of cars of the gear safety coupling with a torsion spring is established. A new design of the device is proposed to reduce the dynamic loads that occur during machine start-up. Unlike the known devices, the proposed device is made in the form of a toothed safety clutch with a torsion spring, which simplifies its design and increases efficiency. The use of a cylindrical torsion spring as an elastic element, which connects the half-clutch to the flange on which the satellite gears are mounted, prevents overloading of the drive and the choice of rational rigidity of the device depending on the change of operation, which increases its durability and expands performance. The method of checking the efficiency of the device for reducing dynamic loads and selecting its rational parameters is presented. The scientific novelty is the development of scientific bases and engineering methods of designing devices to reduce dynamic loads in the drive of technological equipment. The practical significance lies in the development of a new design of the device to reduce the dynamic loads in the drive of machines and the engineering method of choosing its rational parameters.

scholarly journals EXPERT RESEARCH ON THE ESTABLISHMENT DISTURBANCES CAUSES OF TRIBOUNITS OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 399-405
Author(s):  
V. I. Fedorchenko ◽  
V. S. Olkhov ◽  
O. M. Panasenko
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Actual Contact ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Friction Surfaces ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Metal Bonds

Recently, the appeals number of individuals and legal entities for establishment disturbances causes in internal combustion engines has increased in the Kharkiv Research Institute of Forensic Examinations. Analyzing the conclusions of performed expert research it was established that one of the main disturbances causes of internal combustion engines is the turning of plain bearings (bearing brass) of crankshaft. Conditions for metals jawing, scratching and grabbing are created during the start-up or turning of the plain bearing when oil does not contact details or while transient operating modes of the engine when the thickness of layer oil is less critical and the surfaces are in contact. This leads to a significant increase of friction surfaces temperature and the destruction of the oil film on. At the same time, the forces acting in the places of actual contact cause stresses exceeding metal yield strength; this leads to the fact that metal plastic deformations occur in thin surface layers, while surface adsorbed oxidizing, gas films and contaminants are destroyed. Simultaneously, the smoothing of irregularities on friction surfaces occurs, thereby their area actual contact is significantly increased. When the friction surfaces close together, interatomic gravities of metals arise, and in the large area of factual contact, metal bonds are formed, similar to interatomic bonds in a continuous metal; this leads to the metal adhesion. This results in a sharp increase of the friction coefficient and intense adhesive deterioration of the rubbing details. It should be noted that provided information can be used by forensic autotechnician experts while research disturbances causes of internal combustion engines.

Justification operation modes of column rotation mechanism of forest manipulator with energy-saving hydraulic drive

10.12737/1773 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-113
Author(s):  
Бухтояров ◽  
Leonid Bukhtoyarov ◽  
Долженко ◽  
Sergey Dolzhenko ◽  
Попиков ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Hydraulic Drive ◽  
Work Processes ◽  
Transient Conditions ◽  
Pneumatic Actuators ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
System A ◽  
Start Up

The analysis of the study of the dynamics of hydraulic drive of forest manipulators shows that work processes of column rotation mechanisms are accompanied by large dyna-mic loads that cause sudden changes of fluid pressure in the start-up and braking modes. The most effective are energy efficient hydro-pneumatic actuators of manipulator column that can recover energy during transient conditions and return some of the energy back into the system. A mathematical model of the operating modes was designed.

Start-up behaviour of a combined air-conditioning system in cooling and heating operating modes

2018 ◽  
Vol 158 ◽  
pp. 1346-1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jongsoo Jeong ◽  
Arnas Lubis ◽  
Kiyoshi Saito ◽  
Sarngwoo Karng ◽  
Seoyoung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Start Up

Control Strategies for Start-Up and Part-Load Operation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell/Gas Turbine Hybrid System

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Ruixian Fang ◽  
Jamil Khan ◽  
Roger Dougal
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Part Load ◽  
Start Up

Control strategy plays a significant role in ensuring system stability and performance as well as equipment protection for maximum service life. This work is aimed at investigating the control strategies for start-up and part-load operating conditions of the solid oxide fuel cell/gas turbine (SOFC/GT) hybrid system. First, a dynamic SOFC/GT hybrid cycle, based on the thermodynamic modeling of system components, has been successfully developed and simulated in the virtual test bed simulation environment. The one-dimensional tubular SOFC model is based on the electrochemical and thermal modeling, accounting for voltage losses and temperature dynamics. The single cell is discretized using a finite volume method where all the governing equations are solved for each finite volume. Two operating conditions, start-up and part load, are employed to investigate the control strategies of the SOFC/GT hybrid cycle. In particular, start-up control is adopted to ensure the initial rotation speed of a compressor and a turbine for a system-level operation. The control objective for the part-load operation regardless of load changes, as proposed, is to maintain constant fuel utilization and a fairly constant SOFC temperature within a small range by manipulating the fuel mass flow and air mass flow. To this end, the dynamic electrical characteristics such as cell voltage, current density, and temperature under the part load are simulated and analyzed. Several feedback control cycles are designed from the dynamic responses of electrical characteristics. Control cycles combined with control related variables are introduced and discussed.

scholarly journals Designing a pilot model of compressorless combined cycle unit

2021 ◽  
Vol 289 ◽  
pp. 02004
Author(s):  
Vladimir Volkov-Muzylev ◽  
Yuri Borisov ◽  
Nikolay Fominykh
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Special Design ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Pilot Model ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Shell And Tube ◽  
Pumping Equipment

The article is dedicated to a design of a pilot model of a 60 MW installation, operating according to a new promising compressorless combined cycle. In the course of the study, the weight-size parameters and functional indicators of the main parts of the energy complex were preliminarily determined. The auxiliary components of a compressorless combined cycle unit were selected, such as pumps, heat exchangers, compressors, pipelines and etc. Within a draft elaboration, preliminary weight, size and functional parameters of a turbine unit were defined, solutions were found for two groups of pumping equipment, and a plant prototype was designed. Additionally, the weight and size parameters of the plate heat exchangers were determined and a special design of shell-and-tube heat exchangers was designed to return the heat of combustion products. The results, obtained during the study, make it possible to simulate the behavior (develop dynamic models) of a compressorless combined cycle unit in all operating modes (from start-up to shutdown) under various conditions, as well as to carry out a feasibility study for the creation of such installations.

scholarly journals Typical Errors, Accuracy Classes and Currently Expected Accuracy of Inertial Measurement Units

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Attila Varga ◽  
Tamás Jancsó ◽  
Péter Udvardy
Keyword(s):  
High Accuracy ◽  
Consumer Electronics ◽  
Application Area ◽  
Inertial Measurement Units ◽  
Inertial Measurement ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Measurement Units

Inertial measurement units can nowadays be found in a wide range of applications, from consumer electronics to precision surveying systems requiring high accuracy. IMUs are also widely used in aviation, especially for UAVs. The gyroscopes and accelerometers in IMUs have specific operating modes that would result in specific errors typical of such instruments. This paper reviews the typical errors of IMUs and the accuracy that can be achieved with these instruments today in each application area.

Implementation of a Full-Scale Anammox-Based Facility to Treat an Anaerobic Digestion Sidestream at the Alexandria Sanitation Authority Water Resource Facility

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen T. Daigger ◽  
Paula Sanjines ◽  
Karen Pallansch ◽  
James Sizemore ◽  
Bernhard Wett
Keyword(s):  
Water Resource ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Partial Nitritation ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Waste Load ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Design Bid Build ◽  
Slow Growing

The 204,000 m3/day Alexandria Sanitation Authority (ASA) Water Resource Facility (WRF) is currently being upgraded to meet an annual average total nitrogen (TN) waste load based on a concentration of 3 mg/L at its current design capacity. The State-of-the-Art-Nutrient-Upgrade-Program (SANUP) includes a system to treat the high nitrogen solids handling sidestream from dewatering anaerobically digested solids. The centrate pretreatment (CPT) system is being implemented as a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) capable of operating in three modes: (1) nitrification/denitrification, (2) nitritation/denitritation, and (3) partial nitritation/Anammox according to the “Universal Tank” concept. The design concept and basis for the facility are presented, along with the physical layout. It is being implemented using a conventional design-bid-build approach. Design is complete and construction is currently in the bid phase. Construction is expected to begin in the second quarter of 2011 and to be complete by December 2012. The estimated construction cost is $US 14.1 million. The design incorporates a number of innovations, including: (1) accounting for variations in process loading and anticipated operating modes over the life of the facility, (2) provision of a 10 percent capacity daughter reactor to facilitate process optimization and testing, and (3) inclusion of a cyclone to selectively retain the slow growing Anammox bacteria. It is anticipated that the facility will start up in the nitritation/denitritation mode, while the daughter reactor is used to acclimate biomass and finalize the operating strategy for the partial nitritation/Anammox mode.

Assembly of the electronic start-up control device

2020 ◽  
pp. 195-199
Author(s):  
T.N. Borovik ◽  
S.A. Mikaeva
Keyword(s):  
Control Device ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Start Up

The article describes the аssembly of an electronic controlled start-up control device for powering amalgam germicidal lamps of various series. The electrical characteristics are introduced and single and group designs of electronic starting-up devices are described.

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