TWO WAVELENGTHS METHODS FOR DETERMINATION LEVEL OF CONTAMINATION OF SOIL WITH CRUDE OIL HYDROCARBONS USING REFLECTION SPECTRUM OF VEGETATION

2019 ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
L. Dj. Abdullayeva
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Reflection Spectrum ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Stressed Condition ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Oil Hydrocarbons ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Light Oil

The questions on determination level of contamination of soil with crude oil hydrocarbons using vegetations reflection spectrum are considered. The close link between concentration of pigments in vegetation and its reflection properties make it possible to use the reflection spectroscopy as an indicator to predict the vegetation stress occur due to spill of different types of crude oil. The reason is that light types of oil have a more effect on vegetation in comparison with heavy ones. The heavy types of oil have a predominant high molecular heavy components which are hardly transported and distributed within vegetation. The light oil is less viscose’s and well filtered through soil and roots of vegetation. The stressed condition occurred due to effect of oil is mainly reasoned by its such toxic components as aromatic compounds. The carried out analysis of reflection spectrums reveals the double polarity of differences of spectral signals formed by subtraction of reflection spectrums of oil of light and heavy types from controlled reflection spectrum. It causes uncertainty in estimation of contamination of oil using single wavelength method. The question on utilization in practices the inverse type interrelations for diminishing errors of measurements inherent for single wavelength method by transition to two wavelength regime of measurements. It is shown that presence of above said inverse interrelations allows to reach following prevalence’s upon use of two wavelength measurements. 1. Incrtease of dynamic range of measurements; 2. Decrease of random errors. Two variants of two wavelengths methods allowing to determine the level of contamination of soil with crude oil hydrocarbons are developed. The general methodic for determination of level of soil pollution with oil is suggested.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Determination of Glycyrrhizin and 15 Flavonoids in Licorice and Blood by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet Detector

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongqian Zhang ◽  
Jin Cao ◽  
Yingping Wang ◽  
Shengyuan Xiao
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
High Dynamic Range ◽  
Rat Plasma ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Ultraviolet Detector ◽  
Different Types ◽  
High Dynamic

Licorice is the most frequently used herb in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with versatile functions. It is also a popular natural dietary supplement. While the dosages is very important for there are some side effects caused by licorice. The composition of licorice, its products should be well determined thereof. A simple method for simultaneous determining sixteen compounds in vary high dynamic range of content has been established. This method based on the detection at the characteristic ultraviolet spectra of different types of compounds in licorice. Glycyrrhizin and fifteen flavonoids were well measured. All of these compounds can be precisely quantified at their characteristic wavelengths. This method has been successfully applied to the analyses of different licorices, Sini Tang decoction, and rat plasma after oral administration of Sini Tang decoction. These compounds were found to be over 3000 times in content (from 0.01 μg/g to 34.5 μg/g) in some samples.

scholarly journals Determination of H2S in Crude Oil via a Rapid, Reliable and Sensitive Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Vahid
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Dilution Ratio ◽  
Linear Dynamic Range ◽  
Linear Dynamic ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Sensitive Method

Determination of hydrogen sulfide, (H2S) in crude oil is very important due to the environmental impacts, industrial problems and legal international limitation of transportation. In the present work, H2S of crude oil is determined by liquid-liquid extraction followed by potentiometric titration. Three factors including dilution ratio of crude oil with toluene, extraction time of H2S into the caustic phase and API of crude oil was investigated via factorial design. The ANOVA results revealed that the dilution ratio, crude type and extraction time have the highest effect of the recovery of H2S from crude oil. The linear dynamic range of the method was from  1 up to 2000 ppm which can be manipulated for lower or higher concentration by further optimization of the above-mentioned parameters. This method is rapid, reliable, operator-independent which make it a useful technique for the field test of crude oil and overcome extreme uncertainty of H2S measurement.

The Research of Acute Toxicity Effect of Oil Spill to Zoobenthos

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 495-498
Author(s):  
Li Na Zheng ◽  
Ge Tian ◽  
Hai Feng Wei ◽  
Heng Ming Liu
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Toxicity Effect ◽  
Different Types

Iodometric determination of dissolved oxygen is used as experimental methods, through the determination of oxygen consumption of crude oil, gasoline , diesel , three different types of oil, oxygen consumption of Philippines clams and oxygen consumption of Philippines clams under the conditions of three oil pollution, variations of DO under the conditions of three oil pollution is researched. The results show that oxygen consumption of gasoline> oxygen consumption of diesel oil> oxygen consumption of crude oil. At the same time, oxygen consumption of gasoline changes with time by a big margin, diesel oil comes second, oxygen consumption of crude oil changed slightly with time.

Statistics and parallaxes

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 7-29
Author(s):  
T. E. Lutz
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Trigonometric Parallaxes ◽  
Systematic And Random Errors

This review paper deals with the use of statistical methods to evaluate systematic and random errors associated with trigonometric parallaxes. First, systematic errors which arise when using trigonometric parallaxes to calibrate luminosity systems are discussed. Next, determination of the external errors of parallax measurement are reviewed. Observatory corrections are discussed. Schilt’s point, that as the causes of these systematic differences between observatories are not known the computed corrections can not be applied appropriately, is emphasized. However, modern parallax work is sufficiently accurate that it is necessary to determine observatory corrections if full use is to be made of the potential precision of the data. To this end, it is suggested that a prior experimental design is required. Past experience has shown that accidental overlap of observing programs will not suffice to determine observatory corrections which are meaningful.

Energetic properties of peat saturated with petroleum products

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
E. S. Dremicheva
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Motor Oil ◽  
Initial Sample

This paper presents a method of sorption using peat for elimination of emergency spills of crude oil and petroleum products and the possibility of energy use of oil-saturated peat. The results of assessment of the sorbent capacity of peat are presented, with waste motor oil and diesel fuel chosen as petroleum products. Natural peat has been found to possess sorption properties in relation to petroleum products. The sorbent capacity of peat can be observed from the first minutes of contact with motor oil and diesel fuel, and significantly depends on their viscosity. For the evaluation of thermal properties of peat saturated with petroleum products, experimental studies have been conducted on determination of moisture and ash content of as-fired fuel. It is shown that adsorbed oil increases the moisture and ash content of peat in comparison with the initial sample. Therefore, when intended for energy use, peat saturated with petroleum products is to be subjected to additional drying. Simulation of net calorific value has been performed based on the calorific values of peat and petroleum products with different ratios of petroleum product content in peat and for a saturated peat sample. The obtained results are compared with those of experiments conducted in a calorimetric bomb and recalculated for net calorific value. A satisfactory discrepancy is obtained, which amounts to about 12%. Options have been considered providing for combustion of saturated peat as fuel (burnt per se and combined with a solid fuel) and processing it to produce liquid, gaseous and solid fuels. Peat can be used to solve environmental problems of elimination of emergency spills of crude oil and petroleum products and as an additional resource in solving the problem of finding affordable energy.

Characterization of Different Types of Biomass Wastes Using Thermogravimetric and ICP-MS Analyses

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 4594-4600
Keyword(s):  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Biomass Ash ◽  
Minor Elements ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Different Types

The purpose of this study was to characterize some types of biomass wastes resulted from different activities such as: agriculture, forestry and food industry using thermogravimetric and ICP-MS analyses. Also, it was optimized an ICP-MS method for the determination of As, Cd and Pb from biomass ash samples. The ICP-MS analysis revealed that the highest concentration of metals (As, Cd, Pb) was recorded in the wood waste ash sample, also the thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the highest amount of ash was obtained for the same sample (26.82%). The biomass wastes mentioned in this study are alternative recyclable materials, reusable as pellets and briquettes. Keywords: ash, biomass, ICP-MS, minor elements, TG

Studies on the Behavior Some Paints in Electro-insulating Fluid Based on Vegetable Esters

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1139-1144
Author(s):  
Iosif Lingvay ◽  
Adriana Mariana Bors ◽  
Livia Carmen Ungureanu ◽  
Valerica Stanoi ◽  
Traian Rus
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Oxidation Processes ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Painting Materials ◽  
Insulating Paper ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mechanism And Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Natural Ester

For the purpose of using three different types of painting materials for the inner protection of the transformer vats, their behavior was studied under actual conditions of operation in the transformer (thermal stress in electro-insulating fluid based on the natural ester in contact with copper for electro-technical use and electro-insulating paper). By comparing determination of the content in furans products (HPLC technique) and gases formed (by gas-chromatography) in the electro-insulating fluid (natural ester with high oleic content) thermally aged at 130 �C to 1000 hours in closed glass vessels, it have been found that the presence the investigated painting materials lead to a change in the mechanism and kinetics of the thermo-oxidation processes. These changes are supported by oxygen dissolved in oil, what leads to decrease both to gases formation CO2, CO, H2, CH4, C2H4 and C2H6) and furans products (5-HMF, 2-FOL, 2 -FAL and 2-ACF). The painting materials investigated during the heat treatment applied did not suffer any remarkable structural changes affecting their functionality in the electro-insulating fluid based on vegetable esters.

scholarly journals The Importance of Diet in Predicting the Remission of Urticaria—Determination of Allergen-Specific IgE

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 679
Author(s):  
Monica Iuliana Ungureanu ◽  
Liliana Sachelarie ◽  
Radu Ciorap ◽  
Bogdan Aurelian Stana ◽  
Irina Croitoru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Egg White ◽  
Food Allergens ◽  
Pediatric Hospital ◽  
Disease Remission ◽  
Specific Serum ◽  
Different Types

Background and Objectives: Different types of food introduced gradually in the diet will expose children to different food allergens, increasing the chance of developing allergic diseases. The aim of our study was to determine if allergen-specific IgE values can influence, depending on the diet, the prediction of remission of urticaria in children. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted in 132 patients diagnosed over two years with urticaria, admitted to “Sf. Maria” Clinical Pediatric Hospital Iaşi. Total IgE assay was performed by ELISA, and determination of specific serum IgE by the CLA System Quanti Scan method (Innogenetics, Heiden, Germany). Data were gathered and statistical analysis was performed using statistical software SPSS, using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The determination of specific IgE to food allergens was performed on a total of 132 cases. The values of specific IgE were positive for one or more food allergens in 84 patients (63.64%). The most common allergens involved were: cow’s milk in 33.3% cases, egg white in 22.6% cases, and hazelnuts in 11.9% cases. The specific IgE values for the different types of food included in our study had a predictive value for disease remission. Conclusions: The determination of specific IgE confirms the presence of a particular food allergen and may have predictive value for the future development of an allergic manifestation.

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