Withania Somnifera: Correlation of Phytoconstituents with Hypolipidemic and Cardioprotective Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Subasini Uthirapathy ◽  
Tara F. Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Withania Somnifera ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Methanol Fraction ◽  
Days Of Therapy ◽  
Triton Wr 1339

Withania somnifera (WS) (Dunal) or Ashwagandha is a well-known hypolipidemic herb and antioxidant. In this study, 75% ethanolic extract of WS is attempted to evaluate the cardioprotective activity of isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity and hypolipidemic activity in Triton WR 1339-induced hyperlipidemia. In addition, phytochemical evaluation of the same extracts analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometer (GC–MS). This study found that 7 days of therapy with WS extracts at 1000 mg/kg b.wt. reduced cholesterol by 76%, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by 71%, and TAG by 12% (P < 0.05). Furthermore, it can significantly reduce cholesterol and LDL levels (P < 0.05). Similarly, the use of 50 mg/kg b.wt. of WS extract showed a cardioprotective effect against isoproterenol-induced cardiac toxic rats. The antioxidants glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase are increased in WS extract (P < 0.05), whereas the release of cardiac indicators in heart tissue is reduced (P < 0.05). Furthermore, a 30-day treatment with WS also reduced triacylglycerol in isoprenaline-induced cardiotoxic rats. GC–MS analysis of the methanol fraction of the Ashwagandha 70% ethanolic extract showed the presence of higher concentrations of fatty acids. In conclusion, WS showed hypolipidemic and cardioprotective activities in diseased animals induced by isoproterenol and Triton WR 1339.

scholarly journals Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Metracaria chamomela on Some Physiological Parameters in Male Rabbits

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Alia Hussein Ali
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Cell Count

     The aim of this study is to explain the effect of Ethanolic extract 70% of Metracaria chamomella on some physiological parameters in male rabbits. Twelve adult male rabbits were used in this study and were divided equally into two groups: First group was control (C) and received normal saline for four weeks, the second group (Treated group) was intubated orally with ethanolic extract of Metracaria chamomella in a dose 70 mg/kg B.W. for four weeks. Blood samples were collected by heart puncture from each animal at the end of experiment. Blood sample was divided into a part for hematological study and a part for biochemical analysis. The value of serum urea, and creatinine were reduced in animals that received Metracaria chamomella extract at dose of 70 mg/ kg B.W. as compared with the control group. Significant decrease in serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activity was observed in Metracaria treated animal as compared with the control group. This study explained that there was significant increase in serum total protein, serum albumin and serum globulin in treated animals as compared with the control group. The value of total cholesterol, serum triacylglycerol, serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration were reduced significantly in animal received Metracaria chamomella extract while the high density lipoprotein cholesterol was elevated significantly as compared with control group. While the effect of Metracaria chamomella extract on blood picture showed no changes in red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value but showed significant decrease in platelet count, and significant   increase in white blood cell count as compared with control group. Over all this study explained that Metracaria chamomella extract had Reno protective and hypolipidimic effect in male rabbit.  

Arbutin prevents alterations in mitochondrial and lysosomal enzymes in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction: An in vivo study

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-112
Author(s):  
S Sivasangari ◽  
L Asaikumar ◽  
L Vennila
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Lysosomal Enzymes ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Tissue Homogenate ◽  
Mitochondrial Enzymes ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

The present study demonstrated the protective effects of arbutin (ARB) on hyperlipidemia, mitochondrial, and lysosomal membrane damage and on the DNA damage in rats with isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction (MI). Rats were pretreated with ARB (25 and 50 mg/kg body weight (bw)) for 21 days. After pretreatment with ARB, MI was induced by subcutaneous injection of ISO (60 mg/kg bw) for two consecutive days at an interval of 24 h. The levels of TC, TG, and FFA were increased and decreased the level of PL in the heart tissue of ISO-induced MI rats. Very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were increased while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was decreased in the plasma of ISO-administered rats. A heart mitochondrial fraction of the ISO rats showed a significant decrease in the activities of mitochondrial enzymes isocitrate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase. The activities of lysosomal enzymes (β-glucosidase, β-glucuronidase, α-galactosidase, β-galactosidase, cathepsin-B, and cathepsin-D) were increased significantly in the heart tissue homogenate of disease control rats. In ISO-induced MI, rat’s significant increase in the percentage of tail DNA and tail length, and a decrease in the level of head DNA were also observed. ARB administration to MI rats brought all these parameters to near normality, showing the protective effect of ARB against MI in rats. The results of this study demonstrated that the 50 mg/kg bw of ARB shows higher protection than 25 mg/kg bw against ISO-induced damage.

scholarly journals Cynanchum wilfordii Etanolic Extract Controls Blood Cholesterol: A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youn ◽  
Ham ◽  
Yoon ◽  
Choi ◽  
Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cynanchum Wilfordii

We evaluated the effects of Cynanchum wilfordii (CW) ethanolic extract on blood cholesterol levels in adults with high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel trial, 84 subjects were recruited. Participants were randomly divided into two groups with a low-dose (300 mg/d) or high-dose (600 mg/d) of CW. Levels of very low-density lipoprotein (p = 0.022) and triglycerides (p = 0.022) were significantly lower in the low-dose CW group than in the placebo group after 8 weeks. In a subgroup of participants with LDL-C≥ 150 mg/dL (n = 33), there was a significant decrease in total cholesterol (low-dose, p = 0.012; high-dose, p = 0.021), apolipoprotein B (low-dose, p = 0.022; high-dose, p = 0.016), and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (low-dose, p = 0.037; high-dose, p = 0.016) after 8 weeks of CW. The correlation between changes in total cholesterol and baseline LDL-C levels was significant in the groups that received both doses of CW (low-dose, p = 0.010; high-dose, p = 0.015). These results show that the CW ethanolic extract can regulate blood cholesterol in subjects with LDL-C≥ 150 mg/dL.

Protective effect of Psidium guajava leaf ethanolic extract against streptozotocin-induced diabetes and lipidosis in rats

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Manikandan ◽  
A. Vijaya Anand ◽  
P. Sampathkumar ◽  
N. Manoharan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Pancreatic Tissue ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Hypolipidemic Effect ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Standard Drug

This study was conducted to find out the anti-diabetic and hypolipidemic potential of ethanolic extract of Psidium guajava Linn leaves and its one of the important compound of caryophyllene in a streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. The rats were divided into eight groups. Diabetes was induced by STZ at a dosage of 60 mg/kg b.w. The various dosages of extract (100, 200, 300 mg/kg b.w), caryophyllene (300 mg/kg b.w) were injected and glibenclamide (3 mg/kg b.w) is used as a standard drug. After the treatment of the extract and caryophyllene the levels of blood glucose, HbA1c, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bis phosphatase, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) were determined. Pancreatic tissue changes were noticed in all the groups. The present study showed that there was a significant reduction in blood glucose, HbA1c, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bis phosphatase, TC, TG, LDL, VLDL and the enhancement was noticed in the level of insulin, glucokinase and HDL. Pancreas was damaged in diabetic induced rats and it altered to normal size and shape in the plant extract treated and caryophyllene treated groups. The results proved that the STZ induced diabetic rat models had revealed anti-diabetic and hypolipidemic effect treated with ethanolic leaf extract of P. guajava and caryophyllene.

scholarly journals Hypolipidemic Effect of Trixis angustifolia Aqueous Extract on Triton WR-1339- and High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemic Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1986421
Author(s):  
Anuar Salazar-Gómez ◽  
Anahí C. Sánchez-Chávez ◽  
Gerardo Zepeda-Vallejo ◽  
Germán Chamorro-Cevallos ◽  
Leticia Garduño-Siciliano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hypolipidemic Effect ◽  
Low Density ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Triton Wr 1339

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hypolipidemic effect of Trixis angustifolia aqueous extract (TxAE) on Triton WR-1339- and high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic mice. In the Triton model, treatment with TxAE at 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight produced a significant decrease in triglycerides and very low-density lipoprotein levels and a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Similarly, administration of TxAE along with the high-fat diet induced a significant decrease in serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, and increase in HDL. In addition, a phytochemical study of TxAE led to the isolation of 2 previously described compounds: pebrellin and xanthomicrol. This is the first time that these compounds have been identified in a plant extract with hypolipidemic effect. The results suggest the possible therapeutic potential of TxAE as a hypolipidemic agent supporting the usage of T. angustifolia as a traditional medicine.

Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory and Antihyperlipidemic Activities ofKnema attenuata, an Endemic Plant of Southern India

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 188-195
Author(s):  
V. Chandra ◽  
K.R. Chandrashekar ◽  
P. Shama ◽  
C.S. Shastry
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Dose Dependent

The analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antihyperlipidemic activities ofKnema attenuata(Myristicaceae), one of the ingredients of ‘Ashwagandhadhi nei (medicated ghee)’ used in the treatment of spleen disorders according to the Ayurvedic herbal medicine tradition are investigated using suitable in vivo models such as hot plate method, tail immersion test, carrageenan-induced paw oedema assay and Triton X-100-induced hyperlipidemic assay. The seed and aril (a fleshy to hard structure which develops from the funicle or ovule after fertilisation and encloses all or part of the seed) extracts were used. Both the extracts showed significant dose dependent analgesic activity up to 400 mg/kg. The dose dependent ethanolic extract of aril exhibited higher latency to hot plate and tail withdrawal reflex proving its analgesic property. Anti-inflammatory activity was demonstrated after 3 h of oedema induction. The paw volume (ml) decreased from 1.36 ± 0.05 in control to 0.73 ± 0.02 and 0.78 ± 0.02 respectively in groups treated with ethanol extract of aril and seed. The extracts of seed and aril administered at a dose of 400 mg/kg lowered the serum TC (total cholesterol), TG (triglycerides), LDL (low density lipoprotein) and VLDL (very low density lipoprotein) compared to hyperlipidemic groups. A significant decrease in the atherogenic index (a strong marker to predict the risk of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease) was observed in animals supplemented withKnema attenuatawhich suggests an athero protective/ cardio protective potential of this plant extract. We conclude that ethanolic extract ofKnema attenuatahas significantly good analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antihyperlipidemic activity. It could be a new source of natural analgesic agent and an alternative natural source of antiinflammatory and cardio protective agents.

Hypolipidemic Effect of EthanolicExtract of Cyperus esculentumis in TritonWR-1339-Induced Hyperlipidemic Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
E Ubhenin
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Hypolipidemic Effect ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Hypolipidemic Agents ◽  
Triton Wr 1339

Currently, there has been an observed interest in phytochemicals as a new hypolipidemic agents to replace synthetic toxic hypolipidemic drugs. The investigation was carried out to evaluate the hypolipidemic effects of ethanolicextract of Cyperus esculentumis in triton-induced hyperlipidemic rats. The ethanolic extract of the plant was administered orally to rats at the doses of 300,400 and 600mg/kg body weight for a period of twenty nine days in accordance with the Ethical committee on experimental animals. Hyperlipidemia was developed by interaperitoneal injection of Triton at a dose 250mg/kg b.wt. to wistar rats . Intraperitoneal injection of Triton WR-1339 at a dose of 250mg/kg to rats resulted in the increase in serum triglyceride, total cholesterol , low density and very low density lipoproteins cholesterol accompanied by reduction in the high density lipoprotein cholesterol .The histopathological examination also revealed that there were remarkable histopathological changes in the aorta and artery of rats induced with Triton WR-1339 . The damages were manifested as ulceration and stenosis .Pretreatment with the ethanolic tuber extract of Cyperus esculentumis led to significant reduction of TC, TG, LDL and VLDL cholesterol in triton-induced hyperlipidemic rats as compared to the control. There was also an increased in HDL-cholesterol and attenuation of histopathological damages. Among the different doses administered, only 600 mg/kg exhited statistical significant effects. Other doses 300 and 400mg/kg showed mild toxicity. This finding suggests that the cholesterol-lowering effect of Cyperus esculentumis may be due to the enhancement of LDL-C metabolism which might be attributed to the presence of the valuable phytochemicals in the extract.

scholarly journals ANTIDYSLIPIDEMIA AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ANDROGRAPHOLIDE COMPOUND FROM SAMBILOTO (ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA) HERB

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Ni Kadek Warditiani ◽  
Ni Made Pitri Susanti ◽  
Cokorda Istri Sri Arisanti ◽  
Ni Putu Rika Dharma Putri ◽  
I Made Agus Gelgel Wirasuta
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Andrographis Paniculata ◽  
Ldl Oxidation ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Lipoprotein Level ◽  
Histopathology Result ◽  
Antidyslipidemic Activity

Objective: The aim of this study was to observe the antidyslipidemic and antioxidant activity of andrographolide (AND) compound from Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) herb. The antidyslipidemic activity could be described by lowering TC (total cholesterol), TG (triglyceride), and LDL (low-density lipoprotein) level in the blood and by increasing HDL (high-density lipoprotein) level in the blood. The antioxidant activity could be described by inhibiting the ox-LDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein) formation.Methods: AND was separated from the sambiloto ethanolic extract. Atherosclerosis in rats was induced by rich fat food (5% yolk, 10% lard), 1% calcium and 20.000 IU vitamin D3 for 90 d. The rats were treated with AND compound on the 61st day for 30 d. On the 90th day, the blood of rats had been collected, and its blood vessel was also extracted. Antidyslipidemic activity was measured by estimating the level of TC, TG, LDL and HDL in the blood. Antioxidant activity was measured by calculating the ox-LDL concentration in blood and histopathology parameter.Results: 18 mg/kg BW AND could reduce the level TC, TG, and LDL in blood, and could increase HDL blood level significantly (p<0.05). This compound can also significantly inhibit LDL oxidation (p<0.05), and the histopathology result showed that this compound could protect the vessel from adhesive lipid plaques.Conclusion: AND compound from sambiloto herb showed the antidyslipidemic and antioxidant effect in atherogenic rats.

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