Red spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.) ethanolic extract as prevention against atherosclerosis based on the level of Low-Density Lipoprotein and histopathological feature of aorta in male Sprague-Dawley rats

Protein content of winged bean is almost the same as soybean, but the beany flavor is more poweful than soybean. Therefore the protein of winged bean was isolated prior to use as raw material of yogurt. This research was aimed to determine the potency of hypocholestrolemic activity of yogurt protein isolate of winged bean through in vivo bioassay by using Sprague Dawley male rats. The treatments of the research were yogurt feed treatment with concentration of yogurt 0 (standard feed without yogurt as a control), 2, and 4 g yogurt/day as low and high concentration treatment respectively for 4th weeks after hypercholesterol feed treatment for 1 week. The blood lipid profile of rats, including triglyceride, cholesterol total, High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were analysed on the 2nd and 4th weeks for the yogurt feed treatment while for before yogurt feed treatment, the evaluation were based on the adaptation phase and the 1st week for hypercholesterol phase. The result of this research showed that the blood triglyceride, cholesterol total, LDL increased, and the blood HDL decreased in hypercholesterol phase before yogurt feed treatment. The potency of hypocholestrolemic of yogurt from protein isolate of winged bean was shown by the decreasing of blood triglyceride, cholesterol total, LDL and increasing the HDL cholesterol after the yogurt feed treatment with low and high concentration. That indicated that yogurt that was made of protein isolate of winged bean could reduced cholesterol. ABSTRAKBiji kecipir memiliki kadar protein yang hampir sama dengan kedelai, namun bau langunya lebih tajam daripada kedelai, sehingga perlu diisolasi proteinnya sebelum digunakan sebagai bahan baku yogurt. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan potensi hipokolesterolemik yogurt isolat proteun biji kecipir melalui uji biologis in vivo menggunakan tikus jantan Sprague Dawley. Perlakuan penelitian ini adalah perlakuan pakan yogurt dengan konsentrasi 0 (pakan standar tanpa penambahan yogurt sebagai kontrol), 2, dan 4 g yogurt/hari berturut-turut sebagai perlakuan konsentrasi rendah dan tinggi selama 4 minggu perlakuan pakan yogurt sesudah pemberian pakan hiperkolesterol selama 1 minggu. Profil lipida darah tikus meliputi kadar trigliserida, total kolesterol, kolesterol High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), dan Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) dianalisis pada minggu ke 2 dan 4 minggu selama perlakuan pakan yogurt dan sebelum perlakuan pakan yogurt yaitu pada fase pemeliharaan adaptasi dan 1 minggu pada fase pemeliharan hiperkolesterol. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa trigliserida, total kolesterol, dan kolesterol LDL meningkat dan kolesterol HDL menurun selama fase pemberian pakan hiperkolesterol sebelum perlakuan pakan yogurt. Potensi hipokolesterol yogurt isolat protein biji kecipir ditunjukkan dengan penurunan trigliserida, total kolesterol, dan kolesterol LDL, serta peningkatan kolesterol HDL sesudah perlakuan pakan yogurt dengan konsentrasi rendah maupun tinggi. Hal tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa yogurt isolat protein biji kecipir mampu menurunkan kolesterol.

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Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Metracaria chamomela on Some Physiological Parameters in Male Rabbits

The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.30539/iraqijvm.v39i2.173 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 26-31

Author(s):

Alia Hussein Ali

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Control Group ◽

Low Density ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Blood Cell Count

The aim of this study is to explain the effect of Ethanolic extract 70% of Metracaria chamomella on some physiological parameters in male rabbits. Twelve adult male rabbits were used in this study and were divided equally into two groups: First group was control (C) and received normal saline for four weeks, the second group (Treated group) was intubated orally with ethanolic extract of Metracaria chamomella in a dose 70 mg/kg B.W. for four weeks. Blood samples were collected by heart puncture from each animal at the end of experiment. Blood sample was divided into a part for hematological study and a part for biochemical analysis. The value of serum urea, and creatinine were reduced in animals that received Metracaria chamomella extract at dose of 70 mg/ kg B.W. as compared with the control group. Significant decrease in serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activity was observed in Metracaria treated animal as compared with the control group. This study explained that there was significant increase in serum total protein, serum albumin and serum globulin in treated animals as compared with the control group. The value of total cholesterol, serum triacylglycerol, serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration were reduced significantly in animal received Metracaria chamomella extract while the high density lipoprotein cholesterol was elevated significantly as compared with control group. While the effect of Metracaria chamomella extract on blood picture showed no changes in red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value but showed significant decrease in platelet count, and significant increase in white blood cell count as compared with control group. Over all this study explained that Metracaria chamomella extract had Reno protective and hypolipidimic effect in male rabbit.

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Gynura procumbens Standardised Extract Reduces Cholesterol Levels and Modulates Oxidative Status in Postmenopausal Rats Fed with Cholesterol Diet Enriched with Repeatedly Heated Palm Oil

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2019/7246756 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Khuzaidatul Azidah Ahmad Nazri ◽

Norsyahida Mohd Fauzi ◽

Fhataheya Buang ◽

Qodriyah Haji Mohd Saad ◽

Khairana Husain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Cell Damage ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Oxidative Status ◽

Cholesterol Diet ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats

Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. (GP) has been reported in previous studies to possess antihyperlipidaemic, antioxidative, and cardioprotective properties. This study was aimed to determine the effect of standardised 80% ethanol extract of GP on lipid profiles and oxidative status of hypercholesterolemic rats. Postmenopausal (PM) Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomised and fed with 2% cholesterol diet fortified with five times heated palm oil to develop hyperlipidaemia status. Two doses of the extract (250 and 500 mg/kg) and atorvastatin (10 mg/kg) were administered once daily via oral gavage for 24 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was increased during the first month in the postmenopausal group and decreased with GP supplementation. Lipid droplets accumulation was shown at the tunica media (TM) area of the aorta in the postmenopausal group and reduced with GP supplementation. Total cholesterol (TC), total triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased (p<0.05) at 3 and 6 months in the postmenopausal group and were reduced with GP supplementation. GP also increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level in the postmenopausal group. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were reduced in the postmenopausal group compared to control in the sham group but increased (p<0.05) with GP supplementation. The results showed that the higher dose of GP (500 mg/kg) gave better effect. GP has the ability to reduce oxidative stress and prevent membrane cell damage through antioxidant enzyme activity modification and lipid profile changes in postmenopausal rats related to atherosclerosis.

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Cynanchum wilfordii Etanolic Extract Controls Blood Cholesterol: A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Trial

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11040836 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 836 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Youn ◽

Ham ◽

Yoon ◽

Choi ◽

Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Cholesterol ◽

Low Dose ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Blood Cholesterol ◽

High Dose ◽

Low Density ◽

Double Blind ◽

Cynanchum Wilfordii

We evaluated the effects of Cynanchum wilfordii (CW) ethanolic extract on blood cholesterol levels in adults with high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel trial, 84 subjects were recruited. Participants were randomly divided into two groups with a low-dose (300 mg/d) or high-dose (600 mg/d) of CW. Levels of very low-density lipoprotein (p = 0.022) and triglycerides (p = 0.022) were significantly lower in the low-dose CW group than in the placebo group after 8 weeks. In a subgroup of participants with LDL-C≥ 150 mg/dL (n = 33), there was a significant decrease in total cholesterol (low-dose, p = 0.012; high-dose, p = 0.021), apolipoprotein B (low-dose, p = 0.022; high-dose, p = 0.016), and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (low-dose, p = 0.037; high-dose, p = 0.016) after 8 weeks of CW. The correlation between changes in total cholesterol and baseline LDL-C levels was significant in the groups that received both doses of CW (low-dose, p = 0.010; high-dose, p = 0.015). These results show that the CW ethanolic extract can regulate blood cholesterol in subjects with LDL-C≥ 150 mg/dL.

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Distribution of Low-Density Lipoprotein in the Aortic Intima of Hyperglycemic Rats

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s1431927600029305 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 7 (S2) ◽

pp. 646-647

Author(s):

S. H. Lee ◽

C. H. Kao ◽

V. C. Yang

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose Concentration ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Time Interval ◽

Low Density ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽

Regular Time ◽

And Control ◽

Aortic Intima

Chronic hyperglycemia is a common feature of all forms of diabetes mellitus and may contribute greatly to the increase in the incidence of atherosclerosis. It has been demonstrated that increasing arterial permeability to the macromolecules can cause low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) to infiltrate and accumulate in the intima. This event is crucial for developing the plaques in the arterial wall. in this study, we use Evans blue to study the permeability of arterial endothelium in the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemic rats. We also use colloidal gold-labeled LDL to investigate in situ the distribution of LDL in the aortic intima of hyperglycemic rats.The hyperglycemia was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats (7 weeks) by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). The blood glucose concentration and hemoglobin glycation were measured once in every week. The uptake of drinking water is monitored in the regular time interval. After 3 months into the experiment, ten hyperglycemic and control rats were anesthetized.

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Protective effect of Psidium guajava leaf ethanolic extract against streptozotocin-induced diabetes and lipidosis in rats

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-3337 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

R. Manikandan ◽

A. Vijaya Anand ◽

P. Sampathkumar ◽

N. Manoharan

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

Pancreatic Tissue ◽

Diabetic Rat ◽

Hypolipidemic Effect ◽

Low Density ◽

Standard Drug

This study was conducted to find out the anti-diabetic and hypolipidemic potential of ethanolic extract of Psidium guajava Linn leaves and its one of the important compound of caryophyllene in a streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. The rats were divided into eight groups. Diabetes was induced by STZ at a dosage of 60 mg/kg b.w. The various dosages of extract (100, 200, 300 mg/kg b.w), caryophyllene (300 mg/kg b.w) were injected and glibenclamide (3 mg/kg b.w) is used as a standard drug. After the treatment of the extract and caryophyllene the levels of blood glucose, HbA1c, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bis phosphatase, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) were determined. Pancreatic tissue changes were noticed in all the groups. The present study showed that there was a significant reduction in blood glucose, HbA1c, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bis phosphatase, TC, TG, LDL, VLDL and the enhancement was noticed in the level of insulin, glucokinase and HDL. Pancreas was damaged in diabetic induced rats and it altered to normal size and shape in the plant extract treated and caryophyllene treated groups. The results proved that the STZ induced diabetic rat models had revealed anti-diabetic and hypolipidemic effect treated with ethanolic leaf extract of P. guajava and caryophyllene.

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PENGARUH FRAKSINASI BUNCIS (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.) TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR KOLESTEROL TIKUS PUTIH (RATTUS NORVEGICUS L.) YANG HIPERKOLESTEROLEMIA

Jurnal Farmamedika (Pharmamedica Journal) ◽

10.47219/ath.v5i1.90 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 14-20

Author(s):

Lilik Sulastri ◽

◽

Putri Syafalia ◽

Achmad Fauzi Isa

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Rattus Norvegicus ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Low Density ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris L

Hiperlipidemia merupakan suatu keadaan meningkatnya kadar lipid darah yang ditandai dengan meningkatnya kadar kolesterol total, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), dan trigliserida dalam darah yang melebihi batas normal. Sampai saat ini telah banyak obat yang digunakan untuk penanganan hiperlipidemia baik obat sintetik dan obat herbal. Salah satu obat herbal yang telah digunakan oleh masyarakat Indonesia adalah buncis (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh beberapa ekstrak (n-heksan, etilasetat dan air) buah buncis terhadap penurunan kadar kolesterol tikus jantan galur Sprague Dawley yang telah diinduksi kuning telur puyuh, PTU 0,02% dan asupan pakan aterogenik selama 14 hari. Pengukuran kadar kolesterol dilakukan secara enzimatis dengan alat kolesterolmeter Easy Touch®. Hasil fraksinasi ekstrak etanol buncis dengan pelarut n-heksan, etil asetat, dan air diujikan selama 7 hari dengan dosis 50 mg/kg BB diperoleh fraksi air sebagai fraksi yang paling aktif menurunkan kadar kolesterol darah. Pada uji lanjutan fraksi air dilakukan terhadap 5 kelompok perlakuan (5x5 ekor), yaitu kelompok 1 (Na CMC 0,5%) sebagai kontrol negatif, kelompok 2 (simvastatin 0,18 mg/200 g BB) sebagai kontrol positif dan variasi dosis fraksi air 50 mg/kg BB, 100 mg/kg BB serta 150 mg/kg BB (kelompok 3, 4, dan 5). Selama 21 hari perlakuan tikus tetap diberikan pakan aterogenik dan pengukuran kadar kolesterol dilakukan pada hari ke 0, 14, 21, 28, dan 35. Hasil uji lanjutan menunjukkan bahwa fraksi air ekstrak buncis pada dosis 50 dan 100 mg/kg BB tidak memiliki perbedaan yang nyata dengan simvastatin, sedangkan pada dosis 150 mg/kg BB menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata dangan simvastatin dalam menurunkan kadar kolesterol.

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Hyperlipidemia Preventing Activities of Standardized Ethanolic Extract of Red Spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.): An In Vivo Study in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats

Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia ◽

10.22435/jki.v8i2.349 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 102-108

Author(s):

Dimas Adhi Pradana ◽

Lalily Apriani ◽

Sitarina Widyarini

Keyword(s):

Triglyceride Level ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Amaranthus Tricolor ◽

Lipid Metabolism Disorders ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats

Lipid metabolism disorders can lead to hyperlipidemia that triggers atherosclerosis. This study aimed to identify the potential of standardized ethanolic extract of red spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.) to prevent hyperlipidemia by referring to the reduction of triglyceride level and total cholesterols in male Sprague-Dawley rats. A total of 30 experimental animals was put into 6 groups, including normal, positive control (0.9 mg/kgBW of simvastatin), negative control, treatment I (200 mg/kgBW of extract), treatment II (400 mg/kgBW of extract), and treatment III (800 mg/kgBW of extract). Preventive therapy and positive control were administered from day 1 to day 67. Hyperlipidemia was induced by feeding pure lard and duck yolk to the rats twice daily from day 8 to day 67. Determination of triglyceride level and total cholesterols was conducted on day 0 and day 67. The findings revealed that the treatment groups with ethanolic extract of red spinach at doses of 200 mg/kgBW, 400 mg/kgBW, and 800 mg/kgBW had statistically significant differences (p

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Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein (OX-LDL) Induced Arterial Muscle Contraction Signaling Mechanisms

The Open Hypertension Journal ◽

10.2174/1876526201406010020 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 20-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C. Subah Packer ◽

Ami E. Rice ◽

Tomalyn C. Johnson ◽

Nancy J. Pelaez ◽

Constance J. Temm ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intracellular Signaling ◽

Kinase Inhibitors ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Low Density ◽

Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Signaling Mechanism ◽

Study Objective ◽

Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OX-LDL), a reactive oxidant, forms when reactive oxygen species interact with LDL. Elevated OX-LDL may contribute to high blood pressure associated with diseases such as diabetes and obesity. The current study objective was to determine if OX-LDL is a vasoconstrictor acting through the OX-LDL receptor (LOX1) on arterial smooth muscle and elucidate the intracellular signaling mechanism. Arteries were extracted from Sprague-Dawley rats (SD) and obese F1 offspring (ZS) of Zucker diabetic fatty rats (ZDF) x spontaneously hypertensive heart failure rats (SHHF). Pulmonary arterial and aortic rings and caudal arterial helical strips were attached to force transducers in muscle baths. Arterial preparations were contracted with high KCl to establish maximum force development in response to membrane depolarization (Po). Addition of OX-LDL caused contractions of varying strength dependent on the arterial type. OX-LDL contractions were normalized to % Po. Caudal artery was more reactive to OX-LDL than aorta or pulmonary artery. Interestingly, LOX1 density varied with arterial type in proportion to the magnitude of the contractile response to OX-LDL. OX-LDL contractions in the absence of calcium generated about 50% as much force as in normal calcium. Experiments with myosin light chain kinase and Rho kinase inhibitors, ML-9 and Y-27632, suggest OX-LDL induced contraction is mediated by additive effects of two distinct signaling pathways activated concomitantly in the presence of calcium. Results may impact development of new therapeutic agents to control hypertension associated with disorders in which circulating LDL levels are high in a high oxidizing environment.

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